Treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis with ophthalmic corticosteroids: In search of the perfect ocular corticosteroids in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Volumn 10, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 469-477

  Bielory, Brett P ^a   Perez, Victor L ^a   Bielory, Leonard ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Rutgers University   (United States)

Author keywords

C 20 esters; loteprednol etabonate; seasonal allergic conjunctivitis; smart ophthalmic corticosteroids; soft corticosteroids

Indexed keywords

6ALPHA,9ALPHA DIFLUORO 11BETA,17ALPHA DIHYDROXY 16BETA METHYL 17BETA METHYLTHIOCARBONYLANDROSTA 1,4 DIEN 3 ONE 17 ACETATE; 6ALPHA,9ALPHA DIFLUORO 11BETA,17ALPHA DIHYDROXY 16BETA METHYL 17BETA METHYLTHIOCARBONYLANDROSTA 1,4 DIEN 3 ONE 17 PROPIONATE; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; ARTIFICIAL TEAR; BETAMETHASONE; CICLESONIDE; CORTICOSTEROID; DECONGESTIVE AGENT; DEXAMETHASONE; DIFLUPREDNATE; EYE OINTMENT; FLUOROMETHOLONE; HYC 141; IMMUNOMODULATING AGENT; LOTEPREDNOL ETABONATE; MAST CELL STABILIZER; MEDRYSONE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PREDNISOLONE; RIMEXOLONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BITTER TASTE; BURNING SENSATION; CARDIOTOXICITY; CATARACT; CHRONIC DISEASE; COMMON COLD; CONJUNCTIVA DISEASE; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRY EYE; GLAUCOMA; HEADACHE; HUMAN; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEASONAL ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS; SEDATION; SIDE EFFECT; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; WOUND HEALING IMPAIRMENT;

ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ANDROSTADIENES; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; CATARACT; CONJUNCTIVITIS, ALLERGIC; DRUG DISCOVERY; HUMANS; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE; OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONS; SEASONS;

EID: 77956260363     PISSN: 15284050     EISSN: 14736322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e32833dfa28     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. Alexander M, Berger W, Buchholz P, et al. The reliability, validity, and preliminary responsiveness of the Eye Allergy Patient Impact Questionnaire (EAPIQ). Health Qual Life Outcomes 2005; 3:67.
2. Bielory L, Friedlaender MH. Allergic conjunctivitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2008; 28:43-58.
3. Singh K, Bielory L. Epidemiology of ocular allergy symptoms in United States adults (1988-1994). Abstract 35. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2007; 98:A22.
4. Ono SJ, Abelson MB. Allergic conjunctivitis: update on pathophysiology and prospects for future treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 115:118-122.
5. Pitt A, Smith A, Lindsell L, et al. Economic and quality-of-life impact of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis in Oxfordshire. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2004; 11:17-33.
6. Smith A, Pitt A, Rodruiguez A, et al. The economic and quality of life impact of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis in a Spanish setting. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2005; 12:233-242.
7. Broide DH. The pathophysiology of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Allergy Asthma Proc 2007; 28:398-403.
8. Pearlman DS. Pathophysiology of the inflammatory response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 104:S132-S137.
9. Bielory L. Allergic and immunologic disorders of the eye. Part I: immunology of the eye. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106:805-816.
10. Bielory L. Allergic diseases of the eye. Med Clin North Am 2006; 90:129-148.
11. Bielory L, Goodman PE, Fisher EM. Allergic ocular disease: a review of pathophysiology and clinical presentations. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2001; 20:183-200.
12. Leonardi A, De Dominicis C, Motterle L. Immunopathogenesis of ocular allergy: a schematic approach to different clinical entities. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 7:429-435.
13. Bhargava A, Jackson WB, El-Defrawy SR. Ocular allergic disease. Drugs Today (Barc) 1998; 34:957-971.
14. Bielory L, Ghafoor S. Histamine receptors and the conjunctiva. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 5:437-440.
15. American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology. The allergy report volume3: conditions that may have an allergic component. 2000:1-158.
16. Bielory L. Ocular allergy guidelines: a practical treatment algorithm. Drugs 2002; 62:1611-1634.
17. Bielory L, Katelaris CH, Lightman S, Naclerio RM. Treating the ocular component of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and related eye disorders. Med-GenMed 2007; 9:35.
18. Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Bernstein DI, et al. The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:S1-S84.
19. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Conjunctivitis, Preferred Practice Pattern. Available at www.aao.org/ppp. Accessed September 19 2008. San Francisco: American Academy of Ophthalmology 2003, 1-41.
20. Drugs for some common eye disorders. Treat Guidel Med Lett 2007; 5:1-8.
21. Bielory L. Update on ocular allergy treatment. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2002; 3:541-553.
22. Barney NP, Graziano FM. Allergic and immunologic diseases of the eye. In: Adkinson NFJ, Yunginger JW, Busse WW, et al., editors. Middleton's allergy principles and practice. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby; 2003. pp. 1599-1617.
23. Spector S, Raizman M. Conjunctivitis medicamentosa. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994; 94:134-136.
24. Butrus S, Portela R. Ocular allergy: diagnosis and treatment. Ophthalmol Clin North Am 2005; 18:485-492.
25. Bielory L. Ocular allergy treatment. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2008; 28:189-224; vii.
26. Waterbury L, Flach A. Comparison of ketorolac tromethamine, diclofenac sodium, and loteprednol etabonate in an animal model of ocular inflammation. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2006; 22:155-159.
27. Leonardi A. The central role of conjunctival mast cells in the pathogenesis of ocular allergy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2002; 2:325-331.
28. Stahl JL, Barney NP. Ocular allergic disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 4:455-459.
29. Allen D, Bielory L, Derendorf H, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids: past lessons and future issues. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 112:S1-S40.
30. Allen M, Ray S, Leitch A, et al. Steroid aerosols and cataract formation. Br Med J 1989; 299:432-433.
31. Carnahan MC, Goldstein DA. Ocular complications of topical, peri-ocular, and systemic corticosteroids. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2000; 11:478-483.
32. Schacke H, Docke WD, Asadullah K. Mechanisms involved in the side effects of glucocorticoids. Pharmacol Ther 2002; 96:23-43.
33. Bodor N, Buchwald P. Ophthalmic drug design based on the metabolic activity of the eye: soft drugs and chemical delivery systems. AAPS J 2005; 7:E820-E833.
34. Manabe S, Bucala R, Cerami A. Nonenzymatic addition of glucocorticoids to lens proteins in steroid-induced cataracts. J Clin Invest 1984; 74:1803-1810.
35. Howes J, Novack GD. Failure to detect systemic levels, and effects of loteprednol etabonate and its metabolite, PJ-91, following chronic ocular administration. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 1998; 14:153-158.
36. McGhee CN, Dean S, Danesh-Meyer H. Locally administered ocular corti-costeroids: benefits and risks. Drug Saf 2002; 25:33-55.
37. Bielory L. In search of the perfect steroid. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2007; 98:S1-S6.
38. Beltrani V, Barsanti F, Bielory L. Effects of glucocorticosteroids on the skin and eye. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2005; 25:557-580.
39. Belvisi MG, Hele DJ. Soft steroids: a new approach to the treatment of inflammatory airways diseases. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2003; 16:321-325.
40. Druzgala P, Hochhaus G, Bodor N. Soft drugs: 10. Blanching activity and receptor binding affinity of a new type of glucocorticoid: loteprednol etabo-nate. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1991; 38:149-154.
41. Sato H, Nave R, Nonaka T, et al. Uptake and metabolism of ciclesonide and retention of desisobutyryl-ciclesonide for up to 24 hours in rabbit nasal mucosa. BMC Pharmacol 2007; 7:7-15.
42. Payan E, Jouzeaua JY, Lapicque F, et al. In vitro drug release from HYC 141, a corticosteroid ester of high molecular weight hyaluronan. J Control Rel 1995; 34:45-153.
43. Jensen E, Bundgaard H. N-substituted (aminomethyl)benzoate 21-esters of corticosteroids as water-soluble, solution-stable and biolabile prodrugs. Acta Pharm Nord 1992; 4:35-42.
44. Donnenfeld ED. Steriods in the treatment of dry eye: mechanism and treatment strategy. Refract Eyecare 2005; 10 (Suppl):12-16.
45. Armaly MF, Becker B. Intraocular pressure response to topical corticosteroids. Fed Proc 1965; 24:1274-1278.
46. Urban RC Jr, Dreyer EB. Corticosteroid-induced glaucoma. Int Ophthalmol Clin 1993; 33:135-139.
47. Mindel JS, Tavitian HO, Smith H Jr, Walker EC. Comparative ocular pressure elevation by medrysone, fluorometholone, and dexamethasone phosphate. Arch Ophthalmol 1980; 98:1577-1578.
48. Leibowitz HM, BartlettJD, Rich R, et al. Intraocular pressure-raising potential of 1.0% rimexolone in patients responding to corticosteroids. Arch Ophthalmol 1996; 114:933-937.
49. Holland EJ, Bartlett JD, Paterno MR, et al. Effects of loteprednol/tobramycin versus dexamethasone/tobramycin on intraocular pressure in healthy volunteers. Cornea 2008; 27:50-55.
50. White EM, MacyJI, Bateman KM,ComstockTL Comparison of the safety and efficacy of loteprednol 0.5%/tobramycin 0.3% with dexamethasone 0. 1%/tobramycin 0. 3% in the treatment of blepharokeratoconjunctivitis. Curr Med Res Opin 2008; 24:287-296.
51. Bartlett JD, Horwitz B, Laibovitz R, Howes JF. Intraocular pressure response to loteprednol etabonate in known steroid responders. J Ocul Pharmacol 1993; 9:157-165.
52. Ilyas H, Slonim CB, Braswell GR, et al. Long-term safety of loteprednol etabonate 0.2% in the treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis. Eye Contact Lens 2004; 30:10-13.
53. Holland EJ, Djalilian AR, Sanderson JP. Attenuation of ocular hypertension with the use of topical loteprednol etabonate 0.5% in steroid responders after corneal transplantation. Cornea 2009; 28:1139-1143.
54. Samudre SS, Lattanzio FA Jr, Williams PB, Sheppard JD Jr. Comparison of topical steroids for acute anterior uveitis. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2004; 20:533-547.
55. Asbell P, Howes J. A double-masked, placebo-controlled evaluation of the efficacy and safety of loteprednol etabonate in the treatment of giant papillary conjunctivitis. CLAO J 1997; 23:31-36.
56. Bartlett JD, Howes JF, Ghormley NR, et al. Safety and efficacy of loteprednol etabonate for treatment of papillae in contact lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis. Curr Eye Res 1993; 12:313-321.
57. Friedlaender MH, Howes J. A double-masked, placebo-controlled evaluation of the efficacy and safety of loteprednol etabonate in the treatment of giant papillary conjunctivitis. Loteprednol Etabonate Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis Study Group I. Am J Ophthalmol 1997; 123:455-464.
58. Loteprednol Etabonate US Uveitis Study Group. Controlled evaluation of loteprednol etabonate and prednisolone acetate in the treatment of acute anterior uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1999; 127:537-544.
59. Loteprednol Etabonate Postoperative Inflammation Study Group 2. A double-masked, placebo-controlled evaluation of 0.5% loteprednol etabonate in the treatment of postoperative inflammation. Ophthalmology 1998; 105:1780-1786.
60. Stewart R, Horwitz B, Howes J, et al. Double-masked, placebo-controlled evaluation of loteprednol etabonate 0.5% for postoperative inflammation. Loteprednol Etabonate Postoperative Inflammation Study Group 1. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998; 24:1480-1489.
61. Dell SJ, Shulman DG, Lowry GM, Howes J. A controlled evaluation of the efficacy and safety of loteprednol etabonate in the prophylactic treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Loteprednol Allergic Conjunctivitis Study Group. Am J Ophthalmol 1997; 123:791-797.
62. Abelson M, Howes J, George M. The conjunctival provocation test model of ocular allergy: utility for assessment of an ocular corticosteroid, loteprednol etabonate. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 1998; 14:533-542.
63. Dell SJ, Lowry GM, Northcutt JA, et al. A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled parallel study of 0.2% loteprednol etabonate in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998; 102:251-255.
64. Shulman DG, Lothringer LL, Rubin JM, et al. A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled parallel study of loteprednol etabonate 0.2% in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Ophthalmology 1999; 106:362-369.
65. Berdy GJ, Stoppel JO, Epstein AB. Comparison of the clinical efficacy and tolerability of olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% ophthalmic solution and loteprednol etabonate 0.2% ophthalmic suspension in the conjunctival allergen challenge model. Clin Ther 2002; 24:918-929.
66. Koo EH, Samudre SS, Williams PB, et al. Loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension 0.2% (ALREX®) and olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 0.1% (PATANOL®) in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Presented at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting, April 27-May 1, 2008, Fort Lauderdale, FL; 2008.
67. Leung EW, Medeiros FA, Weinreb RN. Prevalence of ocular surface disease in glaucoma patients. J Glaucoma 2008; 17:350-355.
68. Schiffman RM, Christianson MD, Jacobsen G, et al. Reliability and validity of the Ocular Surface Disease Index. Arch Ophthalmol 2000; 118:615-621.
69. Pavesio CE, Decory HH. Treatment of ocular inflammatory conditions with loteprednol etabonate. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92:455-459.
70. Novack GD. Compared topical ocular olopatadine 0.1% (Patanol) and loteprednol etabonate 0.2% (Alrex) in an allergen challenge model. Clin Ther 2002; 24:1477-1478; author reply 1478-1480.
71. Chambless SL, Trocme S. Developments in ocular allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 4:431-434.
72. Chervinsky P, Kunjibettu S, Miller D, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of intranasal ciclesonide in adult and adolescent patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2007; 99:69-76.
73. Couroux P, Kunjibettu S, Hall N, Wingertzahn M. Onset of action of cicle-sonide once daily in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009; 102:62-68.
74. Novack GD, Howes J, Crockett RS, Sherwood MB. Change in intraocular pressure during long-term use of loteprednol etabonate. J Glaucoma 1998; 7:266-269.