메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 348-364

Systematic review on evidence of the effectiveness of cholesterol-lowering drugs

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Cholesterollowering drugs; Coronary heart disease; Hypercholesterolemia; Risk

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ATORVASTATIN; BILE ACID SEQUESTRANT; CERIVASTATIN; CHOLESTEROL; COLESTYRAMINE; CYTOCHROME P450; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; ESTROGEN; EZETIMIBE; FENOFIBRATE; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; FLUINDOSTATIN; FUROCOUMARIN; GEMFIBROZIL; GESTAGEN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC AGENT; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; MEVINOLIN; NICOTINIC ACID; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; PLACEBO; PRAVASTATIN; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; SITOSTANOL; UNINDEXED DRUG; AZETIDINE DERIVATIVE; PHYTOSTEROL;

EID: 77956230175     PISSN: 0741238X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12325-010-0033-6     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (20)

References (109)
  • 1
    • 84868361327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DOH web site. Coronary heart disease. Policy and guidance. London: Department of Health. Last accessed February Available at: 24
    • DOH web site. Coronary heart disease. Policy and guidance. London: Department of Health. Available at: Http://www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/ HealthAndSocialCareTopics/CoronaryHeartDisease/fs/en. Last accessed February 24, 2010.
    • (2010)
  • 2
    • 0033537343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifetime risk of developing coronary heart disease
    • Lloyd-Jones DM, Larson MG, Beiser A, et al. Lifetime risk of developing coronary heart disease. Lancet. 1999;353:89-92.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 89-92
    • Lloyd-Jones, D.M.1    Larson, M.G.2    Beiser, A.3
  • 3
    • 0029060065 scopus 로고
    • Serum total cholesterol and long term coronary heart disease mortality in different cultures: Twenty five year follow up of the Seven Country Study
    • Verschuren WMM, Jacobs DR, Bloemberg BPM, et al. Serum total cholesterol and long term coronary heart disease mortality in different cultures: Twenty five year follow up of the Seven Country Study. JAMA. 1995;274:131-136.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 131-136
    • Verschuren, W.M.M.1    Jacobs, D.R.2    Bloemberg, B.P.M.3
  • 4
    • 0025216049 scopus 로고
    • The cholesterol facts: A summary of the evidence relating dietary fats, serum cholesterol, and coronary heart disease
    • American Heart Association, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
    • American Heart Association, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The cholesterol facts: A summary of the evidence relating dietary fats, serum cholesterol, and coronary heart disease. Circulation. 1990;81:1721-1733.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.81 , pp. 1721-1733
  • 5
    • 0028181730 scopus 로고
    • By how much and how quickly does reduction in serum cholesterol concentration lower risk of ischaemic heart disease?
    • Law MR, Wald NJ, Thompson SG. By how much and how quickly does reduction in serum cholesterol concentration lower risk of ischaemic heart disease? BMJ. 1994;308:367-372.
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.308 , pp. 367-372
    • Law, M.R.1    Wald, N.J.2    Thompson, S.G.3
  • 6
    • 0035897696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive summary of the third report of the national cholesterol education program (ncep) expert panel on detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
    • Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486-2497.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 2486-2497
  • 7
    • 33644810298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint British Societies guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice
    • Wood D. Joint British Societies guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice. JBS-2. Heart. 2005;91(suppl. V):1-2.
    • (2005) JBS-2. Heart , vol.91 , Issue.SUPPL. V , pp. 1-2
    • Wood, D.1
  • 8
    • 0017894322 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in human fibroblasts incubated with compactin (ML-236B), a competitive inhibitor of the reductase
    • Brown MS, Faust JR, Goldstein JL. Inhibition of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in human fibroblasts incubated with compactin (ML-236B), a competitive inhibitor of the reductase. J Biol Chem. 1978;253:1121-1128.
    • (1978) J Biol Chem , vol.253 , pp. 1121-1128
    • Brown, M.S.1    Faust, J.R.2    Goldstein, J.L.3
  • 9
    • 0022549920 scopus 로고
    • A receptor mediated pathway for cholesterol homeostasis
    • Brown MS, Goldstein GL. A receptor mediated pathway for cholesterol homeostasis. Science. 1986;232:34-47.
    • (1986) Science , vol.232 , pp. 34-47
    • Brown, M.S.1    Goldstein, G.L.2
  • 10
    • 0028224713 scopus 로고
    • Altered apolipoprotein B metabolism in very low density lipoprotein from lovastatin-treated guinea pigs
    • Berglund LF, Beltz WF, Elam RL, Witztum JL. Altered apolipoprotein B metabolism in very low density lipoprotein from lovastatin-treated guinea pigs. J Lipid Res.1994;35:956-965.
    • (1994) J Lipid Res , vol.35 , pp. 956-965
    • Berglund, L.F.1    Beltz, W.F.2    Elam, R.L.3    Witztum, J.L.4
  • 11
    • 0037490080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying effect of statins on low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ischaemic heart disease and stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Law MR, Wald NJ, Rudnicka AR. Quantifying effect of statins on low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ischaemic heart disease and stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2003;326:1423.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.326 , pp. 1423
    • Law, M.R.1    Wald, N.J.2    Rudnicka, A.R.3
  • 12
    • 0036859822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the role of statins
    • Chong PH, Kezele R, Franklin C. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the role of statins. Circ J. 2002;66:1037-1044.
    • (2002) Circ J , vol.66 , pp. 1037-1044
    • Chong, P.H.1    Kezele, R.2    Franklin, C.3
  • 13
    • 0032487931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels
    • The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group.
    • The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1349-1357.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 1349-1357
  • 14
    • 0037031061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRC/BHF Heart Protection Society of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: A randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group
    • Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Society of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: A randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360:7-22.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 7-22
  • 15
    • 15944410609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease
    • La Rosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, et al. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1425-1435.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 1425-1435
    • La Rosa, J.C.1    Grundy, S.M.2    Waters, D.D.3
  • 16
    • 33645524176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of very high intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: The ASTEROID trial
    • Nissen S, Nicholls S, Siphai I, et al. Effect of very high intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: The ASTEROID trial. JAMA. 2006;295:1556-1565.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 1556-1565
    • Nissen, S.1    Nicholls, S.2    Siphai, I.3
  • 17
    • 0035572718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pleotropic effects of 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors
    • Takemoto M, Liao JK. Pleotropic effects of 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Arterioscler Thromb Vas Biol. 2001;21:1712.
    • (2001) Arterioscler Thromb Vas Biol , vol.21 , pp. 1712
    • Takemoto, M.1    Liao, J.K.2
  • 18
    • 0036178663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baseline intestinal absorption and synthesis of cholesterol regulate its response to hypolipidaemic treatments in coronary patients
    • Gylling H, Miettinen TA. Baseline intestinal absorption and synthesis of cholesterol regulate its response to hypolipidaemic treatments in coronary patients. Atherosclerosis. 2002;160:477-478.
    • (2002) Atherosclerosis , vol.160 , pp. 477-478
    • Gylling, H.1    Miettinen, T.A.2
  • 19
    • 0037277008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 52- week, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy study to assess the efficacy of atorvastatin and simvastatin in reaching low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride targets: The treat-to-target (3T) study
    • Olsson AG, Eriksson M, Johnson O, et al. A 52- week, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy study to assess the efficacy of atorvastatin and simvastatin in reaching low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride targets: The treat-to-target (3T) study. Clin Ther. 2003;25:119-138.
    • (2003) Clin Ther , vol.25 , pp. 119-138
    • Olsson, A.G.1    Eriksson, M.2    Johnson, O.3
  • 20
    • 0038645309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin across doses (STELLA.R.* Trial)
    • Jones PH, Davidson MH, Stein EA, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin across doses (STELLA.R.* Trial). Am J Cardiol. 2003;92:152-160.
    • (2003) Am J Cardiol , vol.92 , pp. 152-160
    • Jones, P.H.1    Davidson, M.H.2    Stein, E.A.3
  • 21
    • 0032032592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative dose efficacy study of atorvastatin vs simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin and fluvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia - The CURVES study
    • Jones P, Kafonek S, Laurora I, Hunninghake D. Comparative dose efficacy study of atorvastatin vs simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin and fluvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia - the CURVES study. Am J Cardiol. 1998;81:582-587.
    • (1998) Am J Cardiol , vol.81 , pp. 582-587
    • Jones, P.1    Kafonek, S.2    Laurora, I.3    Hunninghake, D.4
  • 23
    • 49949104757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SLCO1B1 variants and statin induced myopathy - A genomewide study
    • Link E, Parish S, Armitage J, et al. SLCO1B1 variants and statin induced myopathy - a genomewide study. N Engl J Med. 2008;8:789-799.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.8 , pp. 789-799
    • Link, E.1    Parish, S.2    Armitage, J.3
  • 24
    • 0033831256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug grapefruit juice interactions
    • Kane GC, Lipsky JJ. Drug grapefruit juice interactions. Mayo Clin Proc. 2000;75:933-942.
    • (2000) Mayo Clin Proc. , vol.75 , pp. 933-942
    • Kane, G.C.1    Lipsky, J.J.2
  • 25
    • 4544243333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early intensive vs a delayed conservative Simvastatin strategy in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Phase Z of the A to Z trial
    • De Lemos JA, Blazing MA, Wiviott SD, et al. Early intensive vs a delayed conservative Simvastatin strategy in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Phase Z of the A to Z Trial. JAMA. 2004;292:1307-1316.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 1307-1316
    • De Lemos, J.A.1    Blazing, M.A.2    Wiviott, S.D.3
  • 26
    • 9644252909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of hospitalised rhabdomyolysis in patients treated with lipid lowering drugs
    • Graham DJ, Staffa JA, Shatin D, et al. Incidence of hospitalised rhabdomyolysis in patients treated with lipid lowering drugs. JAMA. 2004;292:2585-2590.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 2585-2590
    • Graham, D.J.1    Staffa, J.A.2    Shatin, D.3
  • 27
    • 29944446607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins and cancer risk: A meta-analysis
    • Dale KM, Coleman CI, Henyan NN, et al. Statins and cancer risk: A meta-analysis. JAMA. 2006;295:74-80.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 74-80
    • Dale, K.M.1    Coleman, C.I.2    Henyan, N.N.3
  • 28
    • 34447627450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of magnitude of lipid lowering on risk of elevated liver enzymes, rhabdomyolysis and cancer: Insights from large randomised statin trials
    • Alsheikh-Ali AA, Maddukuri PV, Han H, Karas RH. Effect of magnitude of lipid lowering on risk of elevated liver enzymes, rhabdomyolysis and cancer: Insights from large randomised statin trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:409-418.
    • (2007) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.50 , pp. 409-418
    • Alsheikh-Ali, A.A.1    Maddukuri, P.V.2    Han, H.3    Karas, R.H.4
  • 29
    • 0026032543 scopus 로고
    • Bile acid sequestrants: Mechanisms of action on bile acid and cholesterol metabolism
    • Einarsson K, Ericsson S, Ewerth S, et al. Bile acid sequestrants: Mechanisms of action on bile acid and cholesterol metabolism. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;40(suppl. 1):S53-S58.
    • (1991) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.40 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Einarsson, K.1    Ericsson, S.2    Ewerth, S.3
  • 30
    • 0033549840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug treatment of lipid disorders
    • Knopp RH. Drug treatment of lipid disorders. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:498-511.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 498-511
    • Knopp, R.H.1
  • 31
    • 0023726344 scopus 로고
    • Lipid alterations and decline in the incidence of coronary heart disease in the Helsinki Heart Study
    • Manninen V, Elo MO, Frick MH, et al. Lipid alterations and decline in the incidence of coronary heart disease in the Helsinki Heart Study. JAMA. 1988;260:641-651.
    • (1988) JAMA , vol.260 , pp. 641-651
    • Manninen, V.1    Elo, M.O.2    Frick, M.H.3
  • 32
    • 0035849546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in stroke with gemfibrozil in men with coronary heart disease and low HDL cholesterol the veterans affairs HDL intervention trial (VA-HIT)
    • Rubins, Bloomfield H, Davenport J, et al. Reduction in stroke with gemfibrozil in men with coronary heart disease and low HDL cholesterol. The Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial (VA-HIT). Circulation. 2001;103:2828-2833.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 2828-2833
    • Rubins Bloomfield, H.1    Davenport, J.2
  • 33
    • 0034604225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary prevention by raising HDL cholesterol and reducing triglycerides in patients with coronary artery disease: The BIP study
    • [No authors listed].
    • [No authors listed]. Secondary prevention by raising HDL cholesterol and reducing triglycerides in patients with coronary artery disease: The BIP study. Circulation. 2000;102:21-27.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 21-27
  • 34
    • 0037426396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between LDL particle size, plasma lipoproteins and progression of coronary artery disease: The Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study (DIAS)
    • Vakkilainen J, Steiner G, Ansquer JC, et al. Relationships between LDL particle size, plasma lipoproteins and progression of coronary artery disease: The Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study (DIAS). Circulation. 2003;107:1733-1737.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 1733-1737
    • Vakkilainen, J.1    Steiner, G.2    Ansquer, J.C.3
  • 35
    • 28044452217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of longterm fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study) randomised controlled trial
    • FIELD Study Investigators.
    • FIELD Study Investigators. Effects of longterm fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study) randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:1849-1861.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1849-1861
  • 36
    • 0036029126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhabdomyolysis from the combination of a statin and gemfibrozil: An uncommon but serious adverse reaction
    • Kind AH, Zakowski LJ, McBride PE. Rhabdomyolysis from the combination of a statin and gemfibrozil: An uncommon but serious adverse reaction. WMJ. 2002;101:53-56.
    • (2002) WMJ , vol.101 , pp. 53-56
    • Kind, A.H.1    Zakowski, L.J.2    McBride, P.E.3
  • 37
    • 0028057319 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the efficacy and toxic effects of sustained vs. immediate-release niacin in hypercholesterolemic patients
    • McKenney JM, Proctor JD, Harris S, Chinchili VM. A comparison of the efficacy and toxic effects of sustained vs. immediate-release niacin in hypercholesterolemic patients. JAMA. 1994;271:672-677.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 672-677
    • McKenney, J.M.1    Proctor, J.D.2    Harris, S.3    Chinchili, V.M.4
  • 38
    • 0344420098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiatherothrombotic effects of nicotinic acid
    • Rosenson RS. Antiatherothrombotic effects of nicotinic acid. Atherosclerosis. 2003;171:87-96.
    • (2003) Atherosclerosis , vol.171 , pp. 87-96
    • Rosenson, R.S.1
  • 39
    • 0023001772 scopus 로고
    • Fifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: Long term benefit with niacin
    • Canner PL, Berge KG, Wenger N, et al. Fifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: Long term benefit with niacin. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;8:1245-1255.
    • (1986) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.8 , pp. 1245-1255
    • Canner, P.L.1    Berge, K.G.2    Wenger, N.3
  • 40
    • 0025183769 scopus 로고
    • Regression of coronary artery disease as a result of intensive lipid lowering therapy in men with high levels of apolipoprotein B
    • Brown G, Albers JJ, Fisher LD, et al. Regression of coronary artery disease as a result of intensive lipid lowering therapy in men with high levels of apolipoprotein B. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:1289-1298.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.323 , pp. 1289-1298
    • Brown, G.1    Albers, J.J.2    Fisher, L.D.3
  • 41
    • 0037158150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy, safety and tolerability of once-daily niacin for the treatment of dyslipidemia associated with type 2 diabetes
    • Grundy SM, Vega GI, McGovern MI, et al. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of once-daily niacin for the treatment of dyslipidemia associated with type 2 diabetes. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:1568-1576.
    • (2002) Arch Intern Med , vol.162 , pp. 1568-1576
    • Grundy, S.M.1    Vega, G.I.2    McGovern, M.I.3
  • 42
    • 34447120058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic Niemann- Pick C1 like 1 regulates biliary cholesterol concentration and is target of ezetimibe
    • Temel RE, Tang W, Ma Y, et al. Hepatic Niemann- Pick C1 like 1 regulates biliary cholesterol concentration and is target of ezetimibe. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:1968-1978.
    • (2007) J Clin Invest , vol.117 , pp. 1968-1978
    • Temel, R.E.1    Tang, W.2    Ma, Y.3
  • 43
    • 0037395141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ezetimibe Study Group. Effects of ezetimibe, a new cholesterol absorption inhibitor, on plasma lipids in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia
    • Knopp RH, Gitter H, Truitt T, et al. Ezetimibe Study Group. Effects of ezetimibe, a new cholesterol absorption inhibitor, on plasma lipids in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:729-741.
    • (2003) Eur Heart J , vol.24 , pp. 729-741
    • Knopp, R.H.1    Gitter, H.2    Truitt, T.3
  • 44
    • 0037111924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of potent new selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor, ezetimibe in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia
    • Dujovne CA, Ettinger MP, McNeer JF, et al. Efficacy and safety of potent new selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor, ezetimibe in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiol. 2002;90:1092-1097.
    • (2002) Am J Cardiol , vol.90 , pp. 1092-1097
    • Dujovne, C.A.1    Ettinger, M.P.2    McNeer, J.F.3
  • 45
    • 2942547080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of free plant sterols in low-fat milk on serum lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic subjects
    • Thomsen AB, Hasen HB, Christiansen C, Green H, Berger A. Effect of free plant sterols in low-fat milk on serum lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58:860-870.
    • (2004) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.58 , pp. 860-870
    • Thomsen, A.B.1    Hasen, H.B.2    Christiansen, C.3    Green, H.4    Berger, A.5
  • 46
    • 11344284960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant sterol/stanol prescription is an effective treatment strategy for managing hypercholesterolemia in outpatient clinical practice
    • Patch CS, Tapsell LC, Williams PG. Plant sterol/stanol prescription is an effective treatment strategy for managing hypercholesterolemia in outpatient clinical practice. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005;105:46-52.
    • (2005) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.105 , pp. 46-52
    • Patch, C.S.1    Tapsell, L.C.2    Williams, P.G.3
  • 47
    • 21244487468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant stanol and sterol esters in the control of blood cholesterol levels: Mechanism and safety aspects
    • Plat J, Mensink RP. Plant stanol and sterol esters in the control of blood cholesterol levels: Mechanism and safety aspects. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96:15-22.
    • (2005) Am J Cardiol , vol.96 , pp. 15-22
    • Plat, J.1    Mensink, R.P.2
  • 48
    • 0037630435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical management of hyperlipidemia/dyslipidemia
    • Kreisberg RA, Oberman A. Medical management of hyperlipidemia/ dyslipidemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:2445-2461.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 2445-2461
    • Kreisberg, R.A.1    Oberman, A.2
  • 49
    • 63649125339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omega 3 fatty acids: A comprehensive review of their role in health and disease
    • Yashodhra BM, Umakanth S, Pappachan JH. Omega 3 fatty acids: A comprehensive review of their role in health and disease. Postgrad Med J. 2009;85:84-90.
    • (2009) Postgrad Med J , vol.85 , pp. 84-90
    • Yashodhra, B.M.1    Umakanth, S.2    Pappachan, J.H.3
  • 50
    • 0037051975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish and omega 3 fatty acids intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women
    • Hu BF, Brouner L, Willet W. Fish and omega 3 fatty acids intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women. JAMA. 2002;287:1815-1821.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 1815-1821
    • Hu, B.F.1    Brouner, L.2    Willet, W.3
  • 51
    • 0032491837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish consumption and risk of sudden cardiac death
    • Albert C, Hennekem CH, O'Donnell C, et al. Fish consumption and risk of sudden cardiac death. JAMA. 1998;279:23-28.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 23-28
    • Albert, C.1    Hennekem, C.H.2    O'Donnell, C.3
  • 52
    • 0037161373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GISSI Prevenzione Investigators. Early protection against sudden death by polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction
    • Marchioli R, Barzi F, Bomba E, et al. GISSI Prevenzione Investigators. Early protection against sudden death by polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2002;105:1897-1903.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 1897-1903
    • Marchioli, R.1    Barzi, F.2    Bomba, E.3
  • 53
    • 33947583493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of EPA on major coronary events in hypercholesterolemic patients
    • JELIS Investigators
    • Yokoyama H, Origasa H, Matsuzaki M, et al. JELIS Investigators. Effects of EPA on major coronary events in hypercholesterolemic patients. Lancet. 2007;369:1090-1098.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.369 , pp. 1090-1098
    • Yokoyama, H.1    Origasa, H.2    Matsuzaki, M.3
  • 54
    • 33645566760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks and benefits of O3FA for mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer: Systematic review
    • Hooper L, Thompson RL, Harrison RA, et al. Risks and benefits of O3FA for mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer: Systematic review. BMJ. 2006;333:752-760.
    • (2006) BMJ , vol.333 , pp. 752-760
    • Hooper, L.1    Thompson, R.L.2    Harrison, R.A.3
  • 56
    • 33750141751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish intake, contaminants and human health: Evaluating risks and benefits
    • Mozaffarian D, Rimm EB. Fish intake, contaminants and human health: Evaluating risks and benefits. JAMA. 2006;296:1885-1899.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 1885-1899
    • Mozaffarian, D.1    Rimm, E.B.2
  • 57
    • 0027259361 scopus 로고
    • Preventing restenosis with fish oils following coronary angioplasty. A meta-analysis
    • Gapinski JP, Van Ruiswyk JV, Hendebert GR, et al. Preventing restenosis with fish oils following coronary angioplasty. A meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:1595-1601.
    • (1993) Arch Intern Med , vol.153 , pp. 1595-1601
    • Gapinski, J.P.1    Van Ruiswyk, J.V.2    Hendebert, G.R.3
  • 58
    • 77956230386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: The Womens Health Study: A randomised controlled trial
    • Lee IM, Cook NR, Gaziana JM, et al. Vitamin E in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: The Womens Health Study: A randomised controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288:322-333.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 322-333
    • Lee, I.M.1    Cook, N.R.2    Gaziana, J.M.3
  • 59
    • 0032547326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women
    • HERS research group
    • Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, et al. Randomised trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. HERS research group. JAMA. 1998;280:605-613.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 605-613
    • Hulley, S.1    Grady, D.2    Bush, T.3
  • 60
    • 0037125379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Writing group for the Womens Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women. Principal results from the Womens Health Initiative RCT
    • Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Writing group for the Womens Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women. Principal results from the Womens Health Initiative RCT. JAMA. 2002;288:321-333.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 321-333
    • Rossouw, J.E.1    Anderson, G.L.2    Prentice, R.L.3
  • 61
    • 33745475669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Mediterranean style diet on cardiovascular risk factors: A randomised trial
    • PREDMED Study investigators
    • Estruch R, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Corella D, et al. PREDMED Study investigators. Effects of Mediterranean style diet on cardiovascular risk factors: A randomised trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:1-11.
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med , vol.145 , pp. 1-11
    • Estruch, R.1    Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A.2    Corella, D.3
  • 62
    • 0032955055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors and rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: Final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study
    • de Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, et al. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors and rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: Final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation. 1999;99:779-785.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 779-785
    • De Lorgeril, M.1    Salen, P.2    Martin, J.L.3
  • 63
    • 0036636769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin and micronised fenofibrtae alone and in combination in type 2 diabetes with combined hyperlipidemia
    • Athyros VG, Papageorgiou AA, Athyrou VV, et al. Atorvastatin and micronised fenofibrtae alone and in combination in type 2 diabetes with combined hyperlipidemia. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:1198-1202.
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , pp. 1198-1202
    • Athyros, V.G.1    Papageorgiou, A.A.2    Athyrou, V.V.3
  • 64
    • 0037086184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term safety and efficacy of a once-daily niacin/lovastatin formulation for patients with dyslipidemia
    • Kashyap ML, McGovern ME, Berra K, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of a once-daily niacin/lovastatin formulation for patients with dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89:672-678.
    • (2002) Am J Cardiol , vol.89 , pp. 672-678
    • Kashyap, M.L.1    McGovern, M.E.2    Berra, K.3
  • 65
    • 13844272245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness and tolerability of simvastatin and fenofibrate for combined hyperlipidemia (the SAFARI trial)
    • Grundy SM, Vega GL, Yuan Z, et al. Effectiveness and tolerability of simvastatin and fenofibrate for combined hyperlipidemia (the SAFARI trial). Am J Cardiol. 2005;95:462-468.
    • (2005) Am J Cardiol , vol.95 , pp. 462-468
    • Grundy, S.M.1    Vega, G.L.2    Yuan, Z.3
  • 66
    • 27744603554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing residual risk for patients on statin therapy: The potential role of combination therapy
    • Davidson MH. Reducing residual risk for patients on statin therapy: The potential role of combination therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96:3K-13K.
    • (2005) Am J Cardiol , vol.96
    • Davidson, M.H.1
  • 67
    • 77951704587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • The ACCORD Investigators
    • The ACCORD Investigators. Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1563-1574.
    • N Engl J Med , vol.2010 , Issue.362 , pp. 1563-1574
  • 68
    • 0035969564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease
    • Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1583-1592.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1583-1592
    • Brown, B.G.1    Zhao, X.Q.2    Chait, A.3
  • 69
    • 10044281651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Cholesterol (ARBITOR-2): A double blind placebo controlled study of extended release niacin in atherosclerosis progression in secondary prevention. Patients treated with statins
    • Taylor AJ, Sullenberger LE, Lee HJ. Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Cholesterol (ARBITOR-2): A double blind placebo controlled study of extended release niacin in atherosclerosis progression in secondary prevention. Patients treated with statins. Circulation. 2004;110:2-7.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 2-7
    • Taylor, A.J.1    Sullenberger, L.E.2    Lee, H.J.3
  • 70
    • 33751217682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of 24 months of combination statin and extended release niacin on carotid intima-media thickness (ARBITER-3)
    • Taylor AJ, Lee HJ, Sullenberger LE. The effect of 24 months of combination statin and extended release niacin on carotid intima-media thickness (ARBITER-3). Curr Med Res Opin. 2006;22:2243-2250.
    • (2006) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.22 , pp. 2243-2250
    • Taylor, A.J.1    Lee, H.J.2    Sullenberger, L.E.3
  • 71
    • 0037504445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ezetimibe coadministered with atorvastatin in 628 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia: A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial
    • Ezetimibe Study Group
    • Ballantyne CM, Houri J, Notarbartolo A, et al. Ezetimibe Study Group. Effect of ezetimibe coadministered with atorvastatin in 628 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia: A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Circulation. 2003;107:2409-2415.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 2409-2415
    • Ballantyne, C.M.1    Houri, J.2    Notarbartolo, A.3
  • 72
    • 0037132598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ezetimibe coadministered with simvastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia
    • Davidson MH, McGarry T, Bettis R, et al. Ezetimibe coadministered with simvastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:2125-2134.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.40 , pp. 2125-2134
    • Davidson, M.H.1    McGarry, T.2    Bettis, R.3
  • 73
    • 2342574933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe coadministered with simvastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Ezetimibe Study Group.
    • Goldberg AC, Sapre A, Liu L, Capece R, Mitchel YB. Ezetimibe Study Group. Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe coadministered with simvastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004;79:620-629.
    • (2004) Mayo Clin Proc. , vol.79 , pp. 620-629
    • Goldberg, A.C.1    Sapre, A.2    Liu, L.3    Capece, R.4    Mitchel, Y.B.5
  • 74
    • 33750531657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid altering efficacy of ezetimibe/simvastatin single tablet versus rosuvastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients
    • Catapano AL, Davidson MH, Ballantyne CM, et al. Lipid altering efficacy of ezetimibe/simvastatin single tablet versus rosuvastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006;22:2041-2053.
    • (2006) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.22 , pp. 2041-2053
    • Catapano, A.L.1    Davidson, M.H.2    Ballantyne, C.M.3
  • 75
    • 33847021434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin 40 mg alone or in combination with ezetimibe in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease - results from EXPLORER study
    • EXPLORER study investigators
    • Ballantyne CM, Weiss R, Moccetti T, et al. EXPLORER study investigators. Efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin 40 mg alone or in combination with ezetimibe in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease - results from EXPLORER study. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99:673-680.
    • (2007) Am J Cardiol , vol.99 , pp. 673-680
    • Ballantyne, C.M.1    Weiss, R.2    Moccetti, T.3
  • 76
    • 33750390318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ezetimibe added to ongoing statin therapy improves LDL-C goal attainment and lipid profile in patients with diabetes or metabolic syndrome
    • Denke M, Pearson T, McBride P, et al. Ezetimibe added to ongoing statin therapy improves LDL-C goal attainment and lipid profile in patients with diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2006;3:393-102.
    • (2006) Diab Vasc Dis Res , vol.3 , pp. 393-102
    • Denke, M.1    Pearson, T.2    McBride, P.3
  • 77
    • 4544250506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe coadministered with statins
    • Davidson MH, Ballantyne CM, Kerzner B, et al. Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe coadministered with statins. Int J Clin Pract. 2004;58:746-755.
    • (2004) Int J Clin Pract , vol.58 , pp. 746-755
    • Davidson, M.H.1    Ballantyne, C.M.2    Kerzner, B.3
  • 78
    • 41649107358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin with or without ezetimibe in familial hypercholesterolemia
    • Kastelein JJ, Akdim F, Stroes ES, et al. Simvastatin with or without ezetimibe in familial hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1431-1443.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 1431-1443
    • Kastelein, J.J.1    Akdim, F.2    Stroes, E.S.3
  • 79
    • 52649120889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive lipid lowering with simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis
    • Rossebo AB, Pederson TR, Boman K, et al. Intensive lipid lowering with simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:1343-1356.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 1343-1356
    • Rossebo, A.B.1    Pederson, T.R.2    Boman, K.3
  • 80
    • 52649138998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of cancer data from three ezetimibe trials
    • Peto R, Emberson J, Landray M, et al. Analysis of cancer data from three ezetimibe trials. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:1357-1366.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 1357-1366
    • Peto, R.1    Emberson, J.2    Landray, M.3
  • 81
    • 72049129430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended release niacin or ezetimibe and carotid intima media thickness
    • Taylor AJ, Villimes TC, Stanek EJ, et al. Extended release niacin or ezetimibe and carotid intima media thickness. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:2113-2122.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.361 , pp. 2113-2122
    • Taylor, A.J.1    Villimes, T.C.2    Stanek, E.J.3
  • 82
    • 72049126375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statin therapy with ezetimibe or niacin in high risk patients
    • Kastelein JP, Bots ML. Statin therapy with ezetimibe or niacin in high risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:2180-2183.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.361 , pp. 2180-2183
    • Kastelein, J.P.1    Bots, M.L.2
  • 83
    • 0023025526 scopus 로고
    • Is the relation between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT)
    • Stamler J, Wentworth D, Neaton JD. Is the relation between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). JAMA. 1986;256:2823-2828.
    • (1986) JAMA , vol.256 , pp. 2823-2828
    • Stamler, J.1    Wentworth, D.2    Neaton, J.D.3
  • 84
    • 0025826596 scopus 로고
    • Serum cholesterol concentration and coronary heart disease in a population with low cholesterol levels
    • Chen Z, Peto R, Collins R, et al. Serum cholesterol concentration and coronary heart disease in a population with low cholesterol levels. BMJ. 1991;303:276-282.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.303 , pp. 276-282
    • Chen, Z.1    Peto, R.2    Collins, R.3
  • 85
    • 0012159278 scopus 로고
    • Twelve year incidence of CHD in middle aged adults during the era of hypertensive therapy
    • The Framingham Offspring Study
    • Wilson PW, Anderson KM, Castelli WP. Twelve year incidence of CHD in middle aged adults during the era of hypertensive therapy. The Framingham Offspring Study. Am J Med. 1991;90:276-282.
    • (1991) Am J Med , vol.90 , pp. 276-282
    • Wilson, P.W.1    Anderson, K.M.2    Castelli, W.P.3
  • 86
    • 0031938298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Munster Heart Study (PROCAM): Results of follow up at 8th years
    • Assman G, Cullen P, Schulte H. The Munster Heart Study (PROCAM): Results of follow up at 8th years. Eur Heart J. 1998;19(suppl. A):A2-A11.
    • (1998) Eur Heart J , vol.19 , Issue.SUPPL. A
    • Assman, G.1    Cullen, P.2    Schulte, H.3
  • 87
    • 0029060065 scopus 로고
    • Serum total cholesterol and long-term coronary heart disease mortality in different culture: Twenty five year follow up of the seven countries study
    • Verschuuren WM, Jacobs DR, Bloemberg BP, et al. Serum total cholesterol and long-term coronary heart disease mortality in different culture: Twenty five year follow up of the seven countries study. JAMA. 1995;274:131-136.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 131-136
    • Verschuuren, W.M.1    Jacobs, D.R.2    Bloemberg, B.P.3
  • 88
    • 0021270282 scopus 로고
    • Lipid research clinics coronary primary prevention trial: Results and implications
    • Rifkind BM. Lipid research clinics coronary primary prevention trial: Results and implications. Am J Cardiol. 1984;54:30C-34C.
    • (1984) Am J Cardiol , vol.54
    • Rifkind, B.M.1
  • 89
    • 0028883828 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of coronary heart disease with Pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolaemia
    • West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group
    • Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with Pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolaemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1301-1307.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1301-1307
    • Shepherd, J.1    Cobbe, S.M.2    Ford, I.3
  • 90
    • 0032572086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels. Results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS
    • Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels. Results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. JAMA. 1998;279:1615-1622.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1615-1622
    • Downs, J.R.1    Clearfield, M.2    Weis, S.3
  • 91
    • 0037420492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial - Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): A multicentre randomised controlled trial
    • Sever PS, Dahlöf B, Poulter NR, et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial - Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): A multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;361:1149-1158.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 1149-1158
    • Sever, P.S.1    Dahlöf, B.2    Poulter, N.R.3
  • 92
    • 56749106312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C reactive protein
    • Ridker P, Danielson E, Francisco AH, et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C reactive protein. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2195-2207.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 2195-2207
    • Ridker, P.1    Danielson, E.2    Francisco, A.H.3
  • 93
    • 55949096863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary prevention of cardiovascular mortality and events with statin treatments
    • Mills EJ, Rachlis B, Wu P, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular mortality and events with statin treatments. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:1769-1781.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.52 , pp. 1769-1781
    • Mills, E.J.1    Rachlis, B.2    Wu, P.3
  • 94
    • 0027987849 scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
    • Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group
    • Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1994;344:1383-1389.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 1383-1389
  • 95
    • 0342981862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trials Investigators.CARE
    • Sachs FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trials Investigators. CARE. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1001-1009.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 1001-1009
    • Sachs, F.M.1    Pfeffer, M.A.2    Moye, L.A.3
  • 96
    • 17644421390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of different antilipidemic agents and diets on mortality: A systemic review
    • Studer M, Briel M, Leimenstoll B, et al. Effect of different antilipidemic agents and diets on mortality: A systemic review. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:725-730.
    • (2005) Arch Intern Med , vol.165 , pp. 725-730
    • Studer, M.1    Briel, M.2    Leimenstoll, B.3
  • 97
    • 77956230119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal LDL is 50-70 mg/dL. Lower is better and physiologically normal
    • James H, O Keefe Jr. Optimal LDL is 50-70 mg/dL. Lower is better and physiologically normal. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:11.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43 , pp. 11
    • James, H.1    Keefe Jr., O.2
  • 98
    • 26844447541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early and late benefits of high dose atorvastatin in patients with acute coronary syndromes: Results from the PROVE-IT TIMI 22 trial
    • Ray KK, Cannon CP, McCabe CH, et al. Early and late benefits of high dose atorvastatin in patients with acute coronary syndromes: Results from the PROVE-IT TIMI 22 trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:1405-1410.
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.46 , pp. 1405-1410
    • Ray, K.K.1    Cannon, C.P.2    McCabe, C.H.3
  • 99
    • 84868344256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NHS web site. The information centre for health and social care. Prescriptions dispensed in the community 1996- 2006 [NS]. Department of Health. Available at: Last accessed February 24
    • NHS web site. The information centre for health and social care. Prescriptions dispensed in the community 1996-2006 [NS]. Department of Health. Available at: Http://www.ic.nhs.uk/statisticsand- data-collections/primary-care/ prescriptions/prescriptions-dispensed-in-the-community-1996- 2006-%5Bns%5D. Last accessed February 24, 2010.
    • (2010)
  • 100
    • 84868344259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NICE web site. Cardiovascular risk assessment and the modification of blood lipids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Available at: Last accessed February 24
    • NICE web site. Cardiovascular risk assessment and the modification of blood lipids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Available at: Http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG67. Last accessed February 24, 2010.
    • (2010)
  • 101
    • 0032564109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of applying widely accepted cholesterol screening and management guidelines to a British adult population: Cross sectional study of cardiovascular disease and risk factors
    • Unwin N, Thomson R, O'Byrne AM, Laker M, Armstrong H. Implications of applying widely accepted cholesterol screening and management guidelines to a British adult population: Cross sectional study of cardiovascular disease and risk factors. BMJ. 1998;317:1125-1130.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 1125-1130
    • Unwin, N.1    Thomson, R.2    O'Byrne, A.M.3    Laker, M.4    Armstrong, H.5
  • 102
    • 0030611999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total mortality in middle aged men is increased at low total and LDL-C concentration in smokers but not in nonsmokers
    • The Munster Heart Study
    • Cullen P, Schulte H, Assman G. The Munster Heart Study. Total mortality in middle aged men is increased at low total and LDL-C concentration in smokers but not in nonsmokers. Circulation. 1997;96:2128-2136.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 2128-2136
    • Cullen, P.1    Schulte, H.2    Assman, G.3
  • 103
    • 0037882913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in nondiabetic American Indians
    • The Strong Heart Study
    • Helaine E, Jones K, Ruotolo G, et al. Insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in nondiabetic American Indians. The Strong Heart Study. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:861-867.
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26 , pp. 861-867
    • Helaine, E.1    Jones, K.2    Ruotolo, G.3
  • 104
    • 0037132607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antihypertensive and lipid lowering treatment for prevention of heart attack trial: Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic hypertensive patients randomised to pravastatin or usual care
    • The ALLHAT Officers and Co-ordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative research group ALLHAT-LLT
    • The ALLHAT Officers and Co-ordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative research group. The antihypertensive and lipid lowering treatment for prevention of heart attack trial: Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic hypertensive patients randomised to pravastatin or usual care. ALLHAT-LLT. JAMA. 2002;288:2998-3007.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 2998-3007
  • 105
    • 77956228381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HPS: Expanding the boundaries for high risk coronary disease prevention
    • Farmer JA, Gotto AM Jr. The HPS: Expanding the boundaries for high risk coronary disease prevention. Am J Cardiol. 2003;92:31-91.
    • (2003) Am J Cardiol , vol.92 , pp. 31-91
    • Farmer, J.A.1    Gotto Jr., A.M.2
  • 106
    • 0037164314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): A randomised controlled trial
    • Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB, et al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002; 360:1623-1630.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1623-1630
    • Shepherd, J.1    Blauw, G.J.2    Murphy, M.B.3
  • 107
    • 37449030853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins for secondary prevention in elderly patients - A hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis
    • Afilalo J, Gustavo Duque, Steele R. Statins for secondary prevention in elderly patients - a hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:37-45.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.51 , pp. 37-45
    • Afilalo, J.1    Gustavo, Duqu.E.2    Steele, R.3
  • 108
    • 0024309317 scopus 로고
    • Coronary heart disease in South Asians overseas: A review
    • McKeigue P M, Miller G J, Marmot MG. Coronary heart disease in South Asians overseas: A review. J Clin Epidemiol. 1989;42:597-609.
    • (1989) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.42 , pp. 597-609
    • McKeigue, P.M.1    Miller, G.J.2    Marmot, M.G.3
  • 109
    • 77956226264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spriston K, Primatesta P, eds Health Survey for England London: The Stationery Office; 2004
    • Spriston K, Primatesta P, eds. Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease. Health Survey for England 2003. Vol. 2. London: The Stationery Office; 2004.
    • (2003) Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease , vol.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.