Avian visual behavior and the organization of the telencephalon

Brain, Behavior and Evolution

Volumn 75, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 204-217

  Shimizu, Toru ^a   Patton, Tadd B ^a   Husband, Scott A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TAMPA   (United States)

Author keywords

Birds; Columnar organization; Courtship; Parallel processing; Pigeons

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIRD; BRAIN MAPPING; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COTURNIX; COURTSHIP; EVOLUTION; FEMALE; HISTOLOGY; LIMBIC SYSTEM; MALE; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PHYSIOLOGY; PIGEONS AND DOVES; PRIMATE; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; SUPERIOR COLLICULUS; TELENCEPHALON; ULTRASTRUCTURE; VISION; VISUAL SYSTEM;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; BIRDS; BRAIN MAPPING; COLUMBIDAE; COTURNIX; COURTSHIP; FEMALE; LIMBIC SYSTEM; MALE; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PRIMATES; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; SUPERIOR COLLICULI; TELENCEPHALON; VISUAL PATHWAYS; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

ANIMALIA; AVES; COLUMBA; PRIMATES;

EID: 77956045411     PISSN: 00068977     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000314283     Document Type: Article

References (139)

1. Atoji Y, Wild JM, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki Y (2002): Intratelencephalic connections of the hippocampus in pigeons (Columba livia) . J Comp Neurol 447: 177-199.
2. Aust U, Huber L (2003): Elemental versus configural perception in a people-present/peopleabsent discrimination task by pigeons. Learn Behav 31: 213-224.
3. Ball GF, Balthazart J (2001): Ethological concepts revisited: Immediate early gene induction in response to sexual stimuli in birds. Brain Behav Evol 57: 252-270.
4. Benowitz LI, Karten HJ (1976): Organization of the tectofugal pathway in the pigeon: A retrograde transport study. J Comp Neurol 167: 503-520.
5. Bischof HJ (1981): Stereotaxic headholder for small birds. Brain Res Bull 7: 435-436.
6. Bischof HJ, Herrmann K (1986): Arousal enhances [ 14 C]2-deoxyglucose uptake in four forebrain areas of the zebra finch. Behav Brain Res 21: 215-221.
7. Bischof HJ, Watanabe S (1997): On the structure and function of the tectofugal visual pathway in laterally eyed birds. Eur J Morphol 35: 246-254.
8. Blest AD (1957): The function of eyespot patterns in the Lepidoptera . Behaviour 11: 209-256.
9. Bolhuis JJ (1999): Early learning and the development of filial preferences in the chick. Behav Brain Res 98: 245-252.
10. Bonke BA, Bonke D, Scheich H (1979): Connectivity of the auditory forebrain nuclei in the guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) . Cell Tissue Res 200: 101-121.
11. Bowmaker JK, Heath LA, Wilkie SE, Hunt DM (1997): Visual pigments and oil droplets from six classes of photoreceptor in the retinas of birds. Vision Res 37: 2183-2194.
12. Bruce LL, Neary TJ (1995): The limbic system of tetrapods: a comparative analysis of cortical and amygdalar populations. Brain Behav Evol 46: 224-234.
13. Budzynski CA, Gagliardo A, Ioalé P, Bingman VP (2002): Participation of the homing pigeon thalamofugal visual pathway in suncompass associative learning. Eur J Neurosci 15: 197-210.
14. Burish MJ, Kueh HY, Wang SSH (2004): Brain architecture and social complexity in modern and ancient birds. Brain Behav Evol 63: 107-124.
15. Burley N (1977): Parental investment, mate choice, and mate quality. Proc Natl Acad Sci 74: 3476-3479.
16. Burley N (1981): The evolution of sexual indistinguishability; in Alexander RD, Tinkle DW (eds): Natural Selection and Social Behaviour: Recent Research and New Theory. New York, Chiron Press, pp 121-137.
17. Butler AB, Molnár Z (2002): Development and evolution of the collopallium in amniotes: a new hypothesis of field homology. Brain Res Bull 57: 475-479.
18. Carbaugh BT, Schein MW, Hale EB (1962): Effects of morphological variations of chicken models on sexual responses of cocks. Anim Behav 10: 235-238.
19. Can A, Domjan M, Delville Y (2007): Sexual experience modulates neuronal activity in male Japanese quail. Horm Behav 52: 590-599.
20. Cavoto K, Cook RG (2001): Cognitive precedence for local information in hierarchical stimulus processing by pigeons. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process 27: 3-16.
21. Clayton DH, Moyer BR, Bush SE, Jones TG, Gardiner DW, Rhodes BB, Goller F (2005): Adaptive significance of avian beak morphology for ectoparasite control. Proc Roy Soc Lond B 272: 811-817.
22. Clayton NS, Bussey TJ, Dickinson A (2003): Can animals recall the past and plan for the future? Nature Rev Neurosci 4: 685-691.
23. Cook RG (2001): Avian Visual Cognition. www. pigeon.psy.tufts.edu/avc/
24. Crawford LL, Akins CK (1993): Stimulus control of copulatory behavior in male Japanese quail. Poultry Sci 72: 722-727.
25. D'Eath RB (1998): Can video images initiate real stimuli in animal behaviour experiments? Biol Rev 73: 267-292.
26. DeYoe EA, Van Essen DC (1988): Concurrent processing streams in monkey visual cortex. Trends Neurosci 11: 219-226.
27. Divac I, Björklund A, Lindvall O, Passingham RE (1978): Converging projections from the medial thalamic nucleus and mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons to the neocortex in three species. J Comp Neurol 180: 59-72.
28. Domjan M, Nash S (1988): Stimulus control of social behavior in male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) . Anim Behav 36: 1006-1015.
29. Domjan M, Greene P, North NC (1989): Contextual conditioning and the control of copulatory behavior by species-specific sign stimuli in male Japanese quail. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process 15: 147-153.
30. Emery NJ (2000): The eyes have it: the neuroethology, function and evolution of social gaze. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 24: 581-604.
31. Emery NJ (2006): Cognitive ornithology: the evolution of avian intelligence. Philosophic Trans R Soc Lond B 361: 23-43.
32. Feenders G, Liedvogel M, Rivas M, Zapka M, Horita H, Hara E, Wada K, Mouritsen H, Jarvis ED (2008): Molecular mapping of movement-associated areas in the avian brain: a motor theory for vocal learning origin. PLoS ONE 3: e1768. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0001768
33. Fisher AE, Hale EB (1957): Stimulus determinants of sexual and aggressive behavior in male domestic fowl. Behaviour 10: 309-323.
34. Fremouw T, Herbranson WT, Shimp CP (1998): Priming of attention to local or global levels of visual analysis. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process 24: 278-290.
35. Fremouw T, Herbranson WT, Shimp CP (2002): Dynamic shifts of pigeon local/global attention. Anim Cogn 5: 233-243.
36. Frost BJ, Sun H (1997): Visual motion processing for figure/ground segregation, collision avoidance, and optic flow analysis in the pigeon; in Srinivasan MV, Venkatesh S (eds): From Living Eyes to Seeing Machines. New York, Oxford University Press, pp 80-103.
37. Frost BJ, Troje NF, David S (1998): Pigeon courtship behaviour in response to live birds and video presentations. 5th International Conference of Neuroethology, Ontario, Canada.
38. Gaffney MF, Hodos W (2003): The visual acuity and refractive state of the American kestrel (Falco sparveerius). Vis Res 43: 2053-2059.
39. Grant PR, Grant BR (2002): Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin's finches. Science 296: 707-711.
40. Grill-Spector K, Knouf N, Kanwisher N (2004): The fusiform face area subserves face perception, not generic within-category identification. Nature Neurosci 7: 555-561.
41. Gruss M, Braun K (1996): Stimulus-evoked increase of glutamate in the mediorostral neostriatum/ hyperstriatum ventrale of domestic chick after auditory filial imprinting: an in vivo microdialysis study. J Neurochem 66: 1167-1173.
42. Güntürkün O (2000): Sensory physiology: vision; in Whittow GC (ed): Sturkie's Avian Physiology, ed 5. New York, Academic Press, pp 1-19.
43. Güntürkün O, Durstewitz D (2001): Multimodal areas of the avian forebrain: blueprints for cognition?; in Roth G, Wulliman MF (eds): Brain Evolution and Cognition. New York, Wiley/Spektrum, pp 431-450.
44. Güntürkün O, Hahmann U (1999): Functional subdivisions of the ascending visual pathways in the pigeon. Behav Brain Res 98: 193-201.
45. Heimer L, Alheid GF, de Olmos JS, Groenewegen HJ, Haber SN, Harlan RE, Zahm DS (1997): The accumbens: beyond the core-shell dichotomy. J Neuropsychol Clin Neurosci 9: 354-381.
46. Heimer L, Alheid GF, Zaborszky L (1985): Basal ganglia; in Paxinos G (ed): The Rat Nervous System. New York, Academic Press, pp 37- 86.
47. Hellmann B, Güntürkün O (2001): Structural organization of parallel information processing within the tectofugal visual system of the pigeon. J Comp Neurol 429: 94-112.
48. Herrnstein RJ, Loveland DH (1964): Complex visual concept in the pigeon. Science 146: 549-551.
49. Hodos W (1993): Visual capabilities of birds; in Zeigler HP, Bischof HJ (eds): Vision, Brain and Behavior in Birds. Cambridge, MIT Press, pp 63-76.
50. Hodos W, Potocki A, Ghim MM, Gaffney M (2003): Temporal modulation of spatial contrast vision in pigeons (Columba livia) . Vis Res 43: 761-767.
51. Horn G. (1998): Visual imprinting and the neural mechanisms of recognition memory. Trends Neurosci 21: 300-305.
52. Huchzermeyer C, Husemann P, Lieshoff C, Bischof HJ (2006): ZENK expression in a restricted forebrain area correlates negatively with preference for an imprinted stimulus. Behav Brain Res 171: 154-161.
53. Hunt GR (1996): Manufacture and use of hooktools by New Caledonian crows. Nature 379: 249-251.
54. Husband SA, Shimizu T (1999): Efferent projections of the ectostriatum in the pigeon (Columba livia) . J Comp Neurol 406: 329-345.
55. Husband SA, Shimizu T: Calcium-binding protein distributions and fiber connections of the nucleus accumbens in the pigeon (Columba livia) . Submitted.
56. Iwaniuk AN, Hurd PL (2005): The evolution of cerebrotypes in birds. Brain Behav Evol 65: 215-230.
57. Iwaniuk AN, Heesy CP, Hall MI, Wylie DRW (2008): Relative Wulst volume is correlated with orbit orientation and binocular visual field in birds. J Comp Physiol A 194: 267-282.
58. Izawa E, Watanabe S (2008a): Formation of linear dominance relationship in captive jungle crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) : implications for individual recognition. Behav Process 78: 44-52.
59. Izawa E, Watanabe S (2008b): A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos); in Watanabe S (ed): Integration of Comparative Neuroanatomy and Cognition. Tokyo, Keio Univesity Press, pp 212- 273.
60. Jarvis ED, Güntürkün O, Bruce L, Csillag A, Karten HJ, Kuenzel W, Medina L, Paxinos G, Perkel DJ, Shimizu T, Striedter GF, Wild JM, Ball GF, Douglas-Ford J, Durand S, Hough G, Husband S, Kubikova L, Lee DW, Mello CV, Powers A, Siang C, Smulders TV, Wada K, White SA, Yamamoto K, Yu J, Reiner A, Butler AB (2005): Avian brains and a new understanding of vertebrate brain evolution. Nature Rev Neurosci 6: 151-159.
61. Jarvis ED, Mello CV, Nottebohm F (1995): Associative learning and stimulus novelty influence the song-induced expression of an immediate early gene in the canary forebrain. Learn Mem 2: 62-80.
62. Jarvis ED, Ribeiro S, da Silva ML, Ventura D, Vielliard J, Mello CV (2000): Behaviourally driven gene expression reveals song nuclei in hummingbird brain. Nature 406: 628-632.
63. Jerison HJ (1973): Evolution of the Brain and Intelligence. New York, Academic Press.
64. Kano F, Tomonaga M (2009): How chimpanzees look at pictures: a comparative eye-tracking study. Proc Natl Acad Sci 276: 1949-1955.
65. Kano F, Tomonaga M (2010): Face scanning in chimpanzees and humans: continuity and discontinuity. Anim Behav 79: 227-235.
66. Karten HJ (1969): The organization of the avian telencephalon and some speculations on the phylogeny of the amniote telencephalon. Ann NY Acad Sci 167: 164-179.
67. Karten HJ (1991): Homology and evolutionary origins of the 'neocortex'. Brain Behav Evol 38: 264-272.
68. Karten HJ, Hodos W (1967): A Stereotaxic Atlas of the Brain of the Pigeon (Columba livia) . Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.
69. Karten HJ, Hodos W (1970): Telencephalic projections of the nucleus rotundus in the pigeon (Columba livia) . J Comp Neurol 140: 35-51.
70. Karten HJ, Shimizu T (1989): The origins of neocortex: connections and lamination as distinct events in evolution. J Cogn Neurosci 1: 291-301.
71. Kirkpatrick-Steger K, Wasserman EA, Biederman I (1996): Effects of spatial rearrangement of object components on picture recognition in pigeons. J Exp Anal Behav 65: 465-475.
72. Kirkpatrick-Steger K, Wasserman EA, Biederman I (1998): Effects of geon deletion, scrambling, and movement on picture recognition in pigeons. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process 24: 34-36.
73. Kitt CA, Brauth SE (1982): A paleostriatal-thalamic-telencephalic path in pigeons. Neuroscience 7: 2735-2751.
74. Kröner S, Güntürkün O (1999): Afferent and efferent connections of the caudolateral neostriatum in the pigeon (Columba livia) : a retro-and anterograde pathway tracing study. J Comp Neurol 407: 228-260.
75. Krützfeldt NOE, Wild JM (2004): Definition and connections of the entopallium in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) . J Comp Neurol 468: 452-465.
76. Krützfeldt NOE, Wild JM (2005): Definition and novel connections of the entopallium in the pigeon (Columba livia) . J Comp Neurol 490: 40-56.
77. Kuroda M, Yokofujita J, Murakami K (1998): An ultrastructural study of the neural circuit between the prefrontal cortex and the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus. Prog Neurobiol 54: 417-458.
78. Laverghetta AV, Shimizu T (1999): Visual discrimination in the pigeon (Columba livia) : effects of selective lesions of the nucleus rotundus. NeuroReport 10: 981-985.
79. Laverghetta AV, Shimizu T (2003): Organization of the ectostriatum based on afferent connections in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) . Brain Res 963: 101-112.
80. Lefebvre L, Reader SM, Sol D (2004): Brains, innovations and evolution in birds and primates. Brain Behav Evol 63: 233-246.
81. Lehrman DS (1964) The reproductive behavior of ring doves. Sci Am 211: 48-54.
82. Leutgeb S, Husband S, Riters LV, Shimizu T, Bingman VP (1996): Telencephalic afferents to the caudolateral neostriatum of the pigeon. Brain Res 730: 173-181.
83. Lieshoff C, Grosse-Ophoff J, Bischof HJ (2004): Sexual imprinting leads to lateralized and non-lateralized expression of the immediate early gene zenk in the zebra finch brain. Behav Brain Res 148: 145-155.
84. Livingstone M, Hubel D (1988): Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: anatomy, physiology and perception. Science 240: 740-749.
85. Maier V, Scheich H (1987): Acoustic imprinting in guinea fowl chicks: age dependence of 2-deoxyglucose uptake in relevant forebrain areas. Brain Res 428: 15-27.
86. Marín G, Letelier JC, Henny P, Sentis E, Farfán G, Fredes F, Pohl N, Karten H, Mpodozis J (2003): Spatial organization of the pigeon tectorotundal pathway: an interdigitating topographic arrangement. J Comp Neurol 458: 361-380.
87. Martinez-de-la-Torre M, Martinez S, Puelles L (1990): Acetylcholinesterase-histochemical differential staining of subdivisions within the nucleus rotundus of the chick. Anat Embryol 181: 129-135.
88. Mello CV, Ribeiro S (1998): ZENK protein regulation by song in the brain of songbirds. J Comp Neurol 393: 426-438.
89. Mello CV, Vicario DS, Clayton DF (1992): Song presentation induces gene expression in the songbird forebrain. Neurobiol 89: 6818-6822.
90. Merigan WH, Maunsell JHR (1993): How parallel are the primate visual pathways? Annu Rev Neurosci 16: 369-402.
91. Metzger M, Jiang S, Braun K (1998): Organization of the dorsocaudal neostriatal complex: a retrograde and anterograde tracing study in the domestic chick with special emphasis on pathways relevant to imprinting. J Comp Neurol 395: 380-404.
92. Metzger M, Jiang S, Wang J, Braun K (1996): Organization of the dopaminergic innervation of forebrain areas relevant to learning: a combined immunohistochemical/retrograde tracing study in the domestic chick. J Comp Neurol 376: 1-27.
93. Mogensen J, Divac I (1982): The prefrontal 'cortex' in the pigeon: behavioral evidence. Brain Behav Evol 21: 60-66.
94. Montagnese CM, Mezey SE, Csillag A (2003): Efferent connections of the dorsomedial thalamic nuclei of the domestic chick (Gallus domesticus) . J Comp Neurol 459: 301-326.
95. Mouritsen H, Feenders G, Liedvogel M, Wada K, Jarvis ED (2005): Night-vision brain area in migratory songbirds. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 8339-8344.
96. Mpodozis J, Cox K, Shimizu T, Bischof HJ, Woodson W, Karten HJ (1996): GABAergic inputs to the nucleus rotundus (pulvinar inferior) of the pigeon (Columba livia) . J Comp Neurol 374: 204-222.
97. Nakamura T, Ito M, Croft DB, Westbrook RF (2006): Domestic pigeons (Columba livia) discriminate between photographs of male and female pigeons. Learn Behav 34: 327-339.
98. Nassi JJ, Callaway EM (2009): Parallel processing strategies of the primate visual system. Nature Rev Neurosci 10: 360-372.
99. Nguyen AP, Spetch ML, Crowder NA, Winship IR, Hurd PL, Wylie DRW (2004): A dissociation of motion and spatial-pattern vision in the avian telencephalon: implication for the evolution of 'visual stream'. J Neurosci 24: 4962-4970.
100. Northcutt RG, Kaas JH (1995): The emergence and evolution of mammalian neocortex. Trends Neurosci 18: 373-379.
101. Partan S, Yelda S, Price V, Shimizu T (2005): Female pigeons, Columba livia , respond to multisensory audio/video playbacks of male courtship behavior. Anim Behav 70: 957-966.
102. Patricelli GL, Coleman SW, Borgia G (2006): Male satin bowerbirds, Ptilonorhynchus violaceus , adjust their display intensity in response to female starling: an experiment with robotic females. Anim Behav 71: 49-59.
103. Patton TB, Husband SA, Shimizu T (2009): Female stimuli trigger gene expression in male pigeons. Soc Neurosci 4: 28-39.
104. Patton TB, Szafranski G, Shimizu T (2010): Male pigeons react differentially to altered facial features of female pigeons. Behaviour, in press.
105. Patton TB, VandenBosche J, Koban, AC, Cook RG, Shimizu T (2004): Functional segregation within the entopallium in pigeons (Columba livia) . Soc Neurosci Abst 30: 89.13.
106. Prior H, Schwarz A, Güntürkün O (2008): Mirror-induced behavior in the magpie (Pica pica) : evidence of self-recognition. PLoS Biol 6: 1642-1650.
107. Puelles L, Kuwana E, Puelles E, Bulfone A, Shimamura K, Keleher J, Smiga S, Rubenstein JL (2000): Pallial and subpallial derivatives in the embryonic chick and mouse telencephalon, traced by the expression of the genes Dlx-2, Emx-1, Nkx-2.1, Pax-6, and Tbr-1. J Comp Neurol 424: 409-438.
108. Ray JP, Price JL (1993): The organization of projections from the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus to orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol 337: 1-31.
109. Reiner A, Perkel DJ, Bruce LL, Butler AB, Csillag A, Kuenzel W, Medina L, Paxinos G, Shimizu T, Striedter G, Wild M, Ball GF, Durand S, Güntürkün O, Lee DW, Mello CV, Powers A, White SA, Hough G, Kubikova L, Smulders TV, Wada K, Dugas-Ford J, Husband S, Yamamoto K, Yu J, Siang C, Jarvis ED (2004): Revised nomenclature for avian telencephalon and some related brainstem nuclei. J Comp Neurol 473: 377-414.
110. Reiner A, Yamamoto K, Karten HJ (2005): Organization and evolution of the avian forebrain. Anat Rec 287A:1080-1102.
111. Sadananda M, Bischof HJ (2002): Enhanced fos expression in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) brain following first courtship. J Comp Neurol 448: 150-164.
112. Sadananda M, Bischof HJ (2006): C-fos induction in forebrain areas of two different visual pathways during consolidation of sexual imprinting in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) . Behav Brain Res 173: 262-267.
113. Scaife M (1976): The response to eye-like shapes by birds. I. The effect of context: a predator and a strange bird. Anim Behav 24: 195-199.
114. Scheich H, Wallhäusser-Franke E, Braun K (1992): Does synaptic selection explain auditory imprinting?; in Squire LR, Weinberger NM, Lynch G, McGaugh JL (eds): Memory: Organization and Locus of Change. New York, Oxford University Press, pp 114-159.
115. Shimizu T (1998): Conspecific recognition in pigeons (Columba livia) using dynamic video images. Behaviour 135: 43-53.
116. Shimizu T (2001): Evolution of the forebrain in tetrapods; in Roth G, Wulliman MF (eds): Brain Evolution and Cognition. New York, Wiley/Spektrum, pp 135-184.
117. Shimizu T, Bowers AN (1999): Visual pathways in the avian telencephalon: evolutionary implications. Behav Brain Res 98: 183-191.
118. Shimizu T, Hodos W (1989): Reversal learning in pigeons: effects of selective lesions of the Wulst. Behav Neurosci 103: 262-273.
119. Shimizu T, Bowers AN, Budzynski CA, Kahn MC, Bingman VP (2004): What does a pigeon brain look like during homing? Selective examination of ZENK expression. Behav Neurosci 118: 845-851.
120. Shimizu T, Patton TB, Szafranski G (2008): Evolution of the visual system in birds; in Binder MD, Hirokawa N, Windhorst U, Hirsch MC (eds): Encyclopedic Reference of Neuroscience. Heidelberg, Springer.
121. Striedter GF (2004): Principles of Brain Evolution. Sunderland, Sinuaer Associates.
122. Székely AD, Krebs JR (1996): Efferent connectivity of the hippocampal formation of the zebra finch (Taenopygia guttata) : an anterograde pathway tracing study using Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin. J Comp Neurol 368: 198-214.
123. Székely AD, Boxer MI, Steward MG, Csillag A (1994): Connectivity of the lobus parolfactorius of the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus) : an anterograde and retrograde pathway tracing study. J Comp Neurol 348: 374-393.
124. Thode C, Bock J, Braun K, Darlison MG (2005): The chicken immediate-early gene ZENK is expressed in the medio-rostral neostriatum/ hyperstriatum ventrale, a brain region involved in acoustic imprinting, and is up-regulated after exposure to an auditory stimulus. Neuroscience 130: 611-617.
125. Ungerleider LG, Mishkin M (1982): Two cortical visual systems; in Ingle DJ, Goodale MA, Mansfield RJW (eds): Analysis of Visual Behavior. Cambridge, MIT Press, pp 549-586.
126. Veenman CL, Wild JM, Reiner A (1995): Organization of the avian 'corticostriatal' projection system: a retrograde and anterograde pathway tracing study in pigeons. J Comp Neurol 354: 87-126.
127. Waldmann C, Güntürkün O (1993): The dopaminergic innervation of the pigeon caudolateral forebrain: immunocytochemical evidence for a 'prefrontal cortex' in birds? Brain Res 600: 225-234.
128. Waldvogel JA (1990): The bird's eye view. Am Sci 78: 342-353.
129. Wang YC, Jiang S, Frost BJ (1993): Visual processing in pigeon nucleus rotundus: luminance, color, motion, and looming subdivisions. Vis Neurosci 10: 21-30.
130. Wasserman EA, Zentall TR (2006): Comparative Cognition: Experimental Explorations of Animal Intelligence. New York, Oxford University Press.
131. Wasserman EA, Kirkpatrick-Steger K, Van Hamme LJ, Biederman I (1993): Pigeons are sensitive to the spatial organization of complex visual stimuli. Psychol Sci 4: 336-341.
132. Watanabe S, Sakamoto J, Wakita M (1995): Pigeons' discrimination of paintings by Monet and Picasso. J Exp Anal Behav 63: 165-174.
133. Watve M, Thakar J, Kale A, Puntambekar S, Shaikh I, Vaze K, Jog M, Paranjape S (2002): Bee-eaters (Merops orientalis) respond to what a predator can see. Anim Cogn 5: 253-259.
134. Weiner J (1995): The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time. New York, Vintage Books.
135. Wild JM (1987): Thalamic projections to the paleostriatum and neostriatum in the pigeon (Columba livia) . Neuroscience 20: 305-327.
136. Wild JM, Karten HJ, Frost BJ (1993): Connections of the auditory forebrain in the pigeon (Columba livia) . J Comp Neurol 337: 32-62.
137. Xiao Q, Frost BJ (2009): Looming responses of telencephalic neurons in the pigeon are modulated by optic flow. Brain Res 1035: 40-46.
138. Xiao Q, Li DP, Wang SR (2006): Looming-sensitive responses and receptive field organization of telencephalic neurons in the pigeon. Brain Res Bull 68: 322-328.
139. Zeigler HP, Bischof HJ (1993): Vision, Brain, and Behavior in Birds. Cambridge, MIT Press.