Total iron-overload measurement in the human liver region by the magnetic iron detector

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering

Volumn 57, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 2295-2303

  Marinelli, M ^a,b   Gianesin, B ^a,b   Balocco, M ^c   Beruto, P ^a,c   Bruzzone, C ^a   Carrara, P ^c   Gallusi, P ^a   MacCo, A ^c   Musso, M ^c   Oliveri, E ^b   Pelucchi, S ^d   Sobrero, G ^b   Villa, R ^c   Forni, G L ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

^b INFN SEZIONE DI GENOVA   (Italy)

^c GALLIERA HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^d SAN GERARDO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

Iron overload; liver iron concentration (LIC); magnetic iron detector (MID); MID susceptometer; thalassemia

Indexed keywords

BACKGROUND SIGNALS; CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENT; HUMAN LIVER; IRON ACCUMULATION; IRON CONTENT; MAGNETIC IRON DETECTOR (MID); MAGNETIZATION SIGNALS; REPRODUCIBILITIES; ROOM TEMPERATURE; SUPERCONDUCTING QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; SUSCEPTOMETERS; THALASSEMIA; TOTAL IRONS;

BIOPSY; CONVOLUTION; DETECTORS; DISEASE CONTROL; MAGNETIZATION; SQUIDS;

LIVER;

FERRITIN; IRON;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CALIBRATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEVICE; FEMALE; FERRITIN BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; IRON OVERLOAD; LIVER; LIVER BIOPSY; MAGENTIC IRON DETECTOR; MAGNET; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEASUREMENT; REPRODUCIBILITY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

ABDOMEN; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; FEMALE; HUMANS; IRON; IRON OVERLOAD; LINEAR MODELS; LIVER; MAGNETICS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SIGNAL PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED;

EID: 77955857678     PISSN: 00189294     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2010.2053204     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. G.M. Brittenham and D. G. Badman, "Noninvasive measurement of iron: Report of an NIDDK workshop," Blood, vol.101, pp. 15-19, Jan. 2003.
2. N. F. Olivieri, D. G. Nathan, J. H. MacMillan, A. S. Wayne, P. P. Liu, A. McGee, M. Martin, G. Koren, and A. R. Cohen, "Survival in medically treated patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia," N. Engl. J. Med., vol.331, pp. 574-578, Sep. 1994.
3. L. Malcovati, U. Germing, A. Kuendgen, M. G. Della Porta, C. Pascutto, R. Invernizzi, A. Giagounidis, B. Hildebrandt, P. Ernasconi, S. Knipp, C. Strupp, M. Lazzarino, C. Aul, andM. Cazzola, "Time-dependent prognostic scoring system for predicting survival and leukemic evolution in myelodysplastic syndromes," J. Clin. Oncol., vol.25, pp. 3503-3510, Jul. 2007.
4. P. Armand, H. T. Kim, C. S. Cutler, V. T. Ho, J. Koreth, E. P. Alyea, R. J. Soiffer, and J. H. Antin, "Prognostic impact of elevated pretransplantation serum ferritin in patients undergoing myeloablative stem cell transplantation," Blood, vol.109, pp. 4586-4588, May 2007.
5. T. G. St. Pierre, P. R. Clark, W. Chua-Anusorn, A. J. Fleming, G. P. Jeffrey, J. K. Olynyk, P. Pootrakul, E. Robins, and R. Lindeman, "Noninvasive measurement and imagine of liver iron concentration using proton magnetic resonance," Blood, vol.105, pp. 855-861, Jan. 2005. (Pubitemid 40070775)
6. A. Maggio and A. V. Hoffbrand, Clinical aspect and therapy of THALASSEMIA. Firenze, Italy: Societ̀a Editrice Europea di Nicodemo Maggiulli & C., 2004.
7. E. Butensky, R. Fischer, M. Hudes, L. Schumacher, R. Williams, T. P. Moyer, E. Vichinsky, and P. Harmatz, "Variability in hepatic iron concentration in percutaneous needle biopsy specimens from patients with transfusional hemosideroris," Amer. J. Clin. Pathol., vol.123, pp. 146- 152, Jan. 2005.
8. E. Angelucci, G. M. Brittenham, C. E. McLaren, M. Ripaldi, D. Baronciani, C. Giardini, M. Galimberti, P. Polchi, and G. Lucarelli, "Hepatic iron concentration and total body iron stores in thalassemia major," N. Engl. J. Med., vol.343, pp. 327-331, Aug. 2000.
9. M. Worwood, "The laboratory assessment of iron status - an update," Clin. Chim. Acta, vol.259, pp. 3-23, Mar. 1997.
10. A. Olive and J. Junca, "Elevated serum ferritin levels: Associated diseases and clinical significance," Amer. J. Med., vol.101, pp. 120-122, 1996.
11. G. M. Brittenham, D. E. Farrell, J.W. Harris, E. S. Feldman, E. H. Danish, W. A. Muir, J. H. Tripp, and E. M. Bellon, "Magnetic-susceptibility measurement of human iron stores," N. Engl. J.Med., vol.307, pp. 1671-1675, Dec. 1982.
12. D. N. Paulson, R. L. Fagaly,R.M. Toussaint, andR. Fischer, "Biomagnetic susceptometer withSQUID instrumentation," IEEE Trans.Magn., vol.27, no.2, pp. 3249-3252, Mar. 1991.
13. G. M. Brittenham, S. Sheth, C. J. Allen, and D. E. Farrell, "Noninvasive methods for quantitative assessment of transfusional iron overload in sickle cell disease," Sem. Hematol., vol.38, pp. 37-56, Jan. 2001.
14. D. E. Farrell, J. H. Tripp, P. E. Zanzucchi, J.W. Harris, G. M. Brittenham, and W. A. Muirl, "Magnetic measurement of human iron stores," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol.MAG-26, no.5, pp. 818-823, Sep. 1980.
15. P. N.ielsen, R. Fisher, R. Engelhardt, P. Tondury, E. E. Gabbe, and G. E. Janka, "Liver iron stores in patients with secondary haemosiderosis under iron chelation therapy with deferoxamine or deferiprone," Br. J. Haematol., vol.91, pp. 827-833, Dec. 1995.
16. R. Fischer, E. Eich, R. Engelhardt, H. C. Heinrich, M. Kessler, and P. Nielsen, "The calibration problem in liver iron susceptometry," in Advances in Biomagnetism, S. J. Williamson, Ed. New York: Plenum, 1989, pp. 501-504.
17. R. Fischer, "Large-scale study in thalassemia using biomagnetic liver susceptometry," presented at the 11th Int. Conf. Biomagnetism., Sendai, Japan, 1998.
18. J. C.Wood, C. Enriquez, N. Ghugre, J. M. Tyzka, S. Carson, M.-D.Nelson, and T. D. Coates, "MRI R2 and R2 mapping accurately estimates hepatic iron concentration in transfusion-dependent thalassemia and sickle cell disease patients," Blood, vol.106, pp. 1460-1465, Apr. 2005.
19. E. Angelucci, A. Giovagnoni, G. Valeri, E. Paci, M. Ripalti, P. Muretto, C. McLauren, G. M. Brittenham, and G. Lucarelli, "Limitations of magnetic resonance imaging in measurement of hepatic iron," Blood, vol.90, pp. 4736-4742, Dec. 1997.
20. Y. Gandon, D. Olivie, D. Guyader, C. Aube, F. Oberti, V. Sebille, and Y. Deugnier, "Non-invasive assessment of hepatic iron stores by MRI," Lancet, vol.363, pp. 357-362, Jan. 2004.
21. R. Casañas, H. Scharfetter, A. Altes, A. Remacha, P. Sarda, J. Sierra, R. Merwa, K. Hollaus, and J. Rosell, "Measurement of liver iron overload by magnetic induction using a planar gradiometer: Preliminary human results," Physiol. Meas., vol.25, pp. 315-323, Feb. 2004.
22. W. F. Avrin and S. Kumar, "Noninvasive liver-iron measurements with a room-temperature susceptometer," Physiol. Meas., vol.28, pp. 349-361, Apr. 2007.
23. D. E. Farrell, C. J. Allen, M. W. Whilden, J. H. Tripp, A. Usoskin, S. Sheth, and G. M. Brittenham, "Magnetic measurement of liver iron stores: Engineering aspects of a new scanning susceptometer based on high-temperature superconductivity," IEEE Trans.Magn., vol.43, no.11, pp. 4030-4036, Nov. 2007.
24. T. Bothwell and A. MacPhail, "Hereditary hemochromatosis: Etiologic, pathologic, and clinical aspects," Semin. Hematol., vol.35, pp. 55-71, Apr. 1988.
25. L. Michaelis, C. D. Coryell, and S. Granick, "Ferritin III: The magnetic properties of ferritin and some other colloidal ferric compounds," J. Biol. Chem., vol.148, pp. 463-480, Jun. 1943.
26. A. Shoden and G.W. Richter, "On the extraction and staining of ferritin," Folia Haematol. (Frankf), vol.4, pp. 180-183, 1960.
27. Z. J. Wang, L. Lian, Q. Chen, H. Zhao, T. Asakura, and A. R. Cohen, "1/T2 and magnetic susceptibility measurements in a gerbil cardiac iron overload model," Radiology, vol.234, pp. 749-755, Mar. 2005.
28. U. Voskoboynik, "Anomalous field dependence of blocking temperature of natural horse-spleen ferritin," Acta. Phys. Pol. A, vol.92 (Suppl.), pp. 43-51, 1997.
29. S. Hackett, W. Chua-Anusorn, P. Pootrakul, and T. G. St. Pierre, "The magnetic susceptibilities of iron deposits in thalassaemic spleen tissue," Biochim. Biophys. Acta, vol.1772, pp. 330-337, Mar. 2007.
30. N. W. Ashcroft and N. D. Mermin, Solid State Physics, D. G. Crane, Ed., Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, pp. 644-659, 1976.
31. M. Marinelli, S. Cuneo, B. Gianesin, A. Lavagetto, M. Lamagna, E. Oliveri, G. Sobrero, L. Terenzani, and G. L. Forni, "Non-invasive measurement of iron overload in the human body," IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.16, no.2, pp. 1513-1518, Jun. 2006.
32. M. Marinelli, B. Gianesin, M. Lamagna, A. Lavagetto, E. Oliveri, M. L. Saccone, G. Sobrero, L. Terenzani, and G. L. Forni, "Whole liver iron overload measurement by a non cryogenic magnetic susceptometer," Int. Congr. Ser., vol.1300, pp. 299-302, 2007.
33. M. Marinelli, B. Gianesin, C. Avignolo, V. Minganti, and S. Parodi, "Iron overload detection in rats by means of a susceptometer operating at room temperature," Phys. Med. Biol., vol.53, pp. 6849-6860, Dec. 2008.
34. H.Yu,C.A.McKenzie, A. Shimakawa, A. T.Vu,A.C. S.Brau, P. J. Beatty, A. R. Pineda, J. H. Brittain, and S. B. Reeder, "Multiecho reconstruction for simultaneous water-fat decomposition and T2 estimation," J. Magn. Reson. Imag., vol.26, pp. 1153-1161, Oct. 2007.
35. J. H. Tripp, "Physical concept and mathematical models. Biomagnetism: An interdisciplinary approach," in Proc. NATO Adv. Study Inst. Biomagn. (NATO Advanced Science Institutes, Series A: Life Science), 1982, pp. 101-139.
36. R. A. Brooks, J. Vymazal, R. B. Goldfarb, J. F. Bulte, and P. Aisen, "Relaxometry and magnetometry of ferritin," Magn. Reson. Med, vol.40, pp. 227-235, Aug. 1998.
37. R. Fischer, C. D. Tiemann, R. Engelhardt, P. Nielsen, M. Dürken, E. E. Gabbe, and G. E. Janka, "Assessment of iron stores in children with transfusion siderosis by biomagnetic liver susceptometry," Amer. J.Hematol., vol.60, pp. 289-299, Apr. 1999.
38. J. N. Vauthey, E. K. Abdalla, D. A. Doherty, P. Gertsch, M. J. Fenstermacher, E.M. Loyer, J. Lerut, R.Materne, X.Wang, A. Encarnacion, D. Herron, C. Mathey, G. Ferrari, C. Charnsangavej, K. A. Do, and A. Denys, "Body surface area and body weight predict total liver volume inWestern adults," Liver Transplantation, vol.8, pp. 233-240, Mar. 2002.
39. J. F. Schenck and E. A. Zimmerman, "High-field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron: Birth of a biomarker?" NMR Biomed., vol.17, pp. 433-434, Nov. 2004.
40. T. Hastie, R. Tibshirani, and J. Friedman, The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 2001, pp. 193-222.
41. A. Pietrangelo, "Hereditary hemochromatosis - A new look at an old disease," N. Engl. J. Med., vol.350, pp. 2383-2397, Jun. 2004.
42. R. Fischer, A. Piga, P. Harmatz, and P. Nielsen, "Monitoring long-term efficacy of iron chelation treatmentwith biomagnetic liver susceptometry," Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., vol.1054, pp. 350-357, Nov. 2005.
43. R. Fischer, P. Harmatz, and P. Nielsen, "Does liver biopsy overestimate liver iron concentration?" Blood, vol.1081, pp. 775-1776, author reply 1776 Sep. 2006.
44. J. M. Bland and D. G. Altman, "Statistical methods for assigning agreement between two methods of clinical measurement," Lancet, vol.8476, pp. 307-310, Feb. 1986.
45. P. M. Harrison and P. Arosio, "The ferritins: Molecular properties, iron storage function and cellular regulation," Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Bioenergetics A, vol.1275, pp. 161-203, Jun. 1996.
46. J. Vymazal, R. A. Brooks, J. W. Bulte, D. Gordon, and P. Aisen, "Iron uptake by ferritin: NMR relaxometry studies at low iron loads," J. Inorg. Biochem., vol.71, pp. 153-157, Sep. 1998.
47. J. G. E. Harris, J. E. Grimaldi, and D. Awschalom, "Excess spin and the dynamics of antiferromagnetic ferritin," Phys. Rev. B, vol.60, pp. 3453- 3456, Aug. 1999.
48. S. H. Kilcoyne and R. Cywinski, "Ferritin: A model superparamagnet," J. Magn. Magn. Mater., vol.140-144, pp. 1466-1467, Feb. 1995.
49. L. Ńeel, "Superparamagnetisme des grains tres fins antiferromagnetiques," C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., vol.252, pp. 4075-4080, 1961.
50. F. J. Lazaro, L. Gut́errez, A. R. Abad́a, M. S. Romero, and A. Ĺopez, "Biological tissue magnetism in the frame of iron overload diseases," J. Magn. Magn. Mater., vol.316, pp. 126-131, Sep. 2007.
51. T. G. St. Pierre, J. Webb, and S. Mann, "Ferritin and hemosiderin: Structural and magnetic studies of the iron core," in Biomineralization: Chemical and Biochemical Perspectives, S.Mann, J.Webb, and R. J. P.Williams, Eds. Weinheim, Germany: VCH, 1989, pp. 295-344.
52. F. S. Barnes and B. Greenebaum, Eds., Handbook of Biological Effect on Electromagnetic Fields, vol.1, 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2007, pp. 109-110.
53. N. R. Ghugre, T. D. Coates, M. D. Nelson, and J. C.Wood, "Mechanisms of tissue-iron relaxivity: Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of human liver biopsy specimens," Magn. Reson. Med., vol.54, pp. 1185-1193, Nov. 2005.
54. J. S. Hankins,M. B.McCarville, R. B. Loeffler, M. P. Smeltzer,M. Onciu, F. A. Hoffer,C. S. Li,W. C.Wang, R. E.Ware, and C. M. Hillenbrand, "R2 magnetic resonance imaging of the liver in patients with iron overload," Blood, vol.113, pp. 4853-4855, May 2009.
55. S. Sheth, H. Tang, J. H. Jensen, K. Altmann, A. Prakash, B. F. Printz, A. J. Hordof, C. L. Tosti, A. Azabagic, S. Swaminathan, T. R. Brown, N. F. Olivieri, and G.M. Brittenham, "Methods for noninvasivemeasurement of tissue iron in Cooley's anemia," Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol.1054, pp. 358-372, Nov. 2005.