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Volumn 132, Issue 27, 2010, Pages 9480-9487

Structural basis for regioisomerization in the alkali-metal-mediated zincation (AMMZn) of trifluoromethyl benzene by isolation of kinetic and thermodynamic intermediates

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BULK CRYSTALLINE; DFT CALCULATION; EXCHANGE PROCESS; ION PAIRS; KINETIC PRODUCT; MODEL SYSTEM; MULTINUCLEAR NMR; REGIOISOMERS; ROOM TEMPERATURE; STRUCTURAL BASIS; TRIFLUOROMETHYL; ZINCATION;

EID: 77955822711     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: 15205126     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja1038598     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (48)

References (53)
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    • Note that this is the ratio found in solution for the 3-ortho/3-meta/3-para products vide infra which differs from that found in the isolated crystalline solid 20:11:1. This discrepancy is probably due to the different solubility/crystallization properties of the three distinct isomers
    • Note that this is the ratio found in solution for the 3-ortho/3-meta/3-para products (vide infra) which differs from that found in the isolated crystalline solid (20:11:1). This discrepancy is probably due to the different solubility/crystallization properties of the three distinct isomers.
  • 30
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    • asymmetric unit of these crystals has two independent complexes, one of them is 3-ortho and the other one contains an approximately 5:1 0.828:0.172 5 disordered mixture of 3-ortho and 3-meta, giving overall a ratio of almost 11:1 for these two isomers in the crystal structure
    • The asymmetric unit of these crystals has two independent complexes, one of them is 3-ortho and the other one contains an approximately 5:1 [0.828:0.172 (5)] disordered mixture of 3-ortho and 3-meta, giving overall a ratio of almost 11:1 for these two isomers in the crystal structure.
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    • tBu, ref 8
    • tBu)], ref 8.
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    • 1H NMR spectroscopic monitoring of a solution of isolated crystals of 4 in deuterated benzene over a 4 day period showed no isomerisation of 4 to related meta or para products
    • 1H NMR spectroscopic monitoring of a solution of isolated crystals of 4 in deuterated benzene over a 4 day period showed no isomerisation of 4 to related meta or para products.
  • 33
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    • presence of free 2 could also be attributed to the partial hydrolysis of the organometallic species 3 or 4 in deuterated benzene solution. However we can rule out this possibility since formation of 2 could not be observed in solutions of compounds 3 and 4 monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy over 3 days
    • The presence of free 2 could also be attributed to the partial hydrolysis of the organometallic species 3 or 4 in deuterated benzene solution. However we can rule out this possibility since formation of 2 could not be observed in solutions of compounds 3 and 4 monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy over 3 days.
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    • 6 ref 5; therefore, although it must be formed in the competing reaction of 4 with TMP H that yields to the formation of 2 reaction pathway i, Scheme 4, it could not be detected
    • 6 (ref 5); therefore, although it must be formed in the competing reaction of 4 with TMP (H) that yields to the formation of 2 (reaction pathway i, Scheme 4), it could not be detected.
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    • 1HNMR spectrum of the reaction of 4 with one equivalent of TMP H Figure 1c
    • 1HNMR spectrum of the reaction of 4 with one equivalent of TMP (H) (Figure 1c).
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    • 2; see Supporting Information for full details
    • 2]; see Supporting Information for full details.
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    • For selected examples of structurally characterised compounds which contain Na. F dative interactions, see: a
    • For selected examples of structurally characterised compounds which contain Na... F dative interactions, see: (a) Dias, H. V. R.; Jin, W.; Kim, H.-J.; Lu, H.-L. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 2317.
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    • For key references to electrostatic π interactions between alkali metals and aromatic molecules, see: a
    • For key references to electrostatic π interactions between alkali metals and aromatic molecules, see: (a) Ma, J. C.; Dougherty, D. A. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1303.
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    • For key Reviews of DoM see
    • For key Reviews of DoM see
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    • The directed ortho metalation-cross coupling nexus. Synthetic methodology for aryl-aryl and aryl-heteroatom-aryl bonds
    • 2nd ed.; Diederich, F., de Meijere, A., Eds.
    • (a) Anctil, E.; Snieckus, V. The Directed ortho Metalation-Cross Coupling Nexus. Synthetic Methodology for Aryl-Aryl and Aryl-Heteroatom-Aryl Bonds. In Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction, 2nd ed.; Diederich, F., de Meijere, A., Eds.; 2004; Vol. 761, p 813.
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    • 2 prepared by indirect route, Scheme 2, ref 17 where the metals are separated by a large distance >5. å
    • 2] (prepared by indirect route, Scheme 2, ref 17) where the metals are separated by a large distance (>5. å).
  • 48
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    • For selected examples of direct Zn-H exchange reactions using other alkali-metal zincates, see: a
    • For selected examples of direct Zn-H exchange reactions using other alkali-metal zincates, see: (a) Wunderlich, S. H.; Knochel, P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 7685.
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    • Wunderlich, S.H.1    Knochel, P.2


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