Pathogen-pathogen interaction: A syndemic model of complex biosocial processes in disease

Virulence

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 10-18

  Singer, Merrill ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

Author keywords

Amoeba bacteria interaction; HIV HCV interaction; Multidisciplinary approaches; Pathogen pathogen interaction; Syndemics; Tick borne disease interactions

Indexed keywords

PEGINTERFERON; RIBAVIRIN;

AMOEBA (LIFE CYCLE STAGE); ATTENTION; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; HEALTH; HEALTH CARE; HEPATITIS C; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; REVIEW; TICK BORNE DISEASE; VIRULENCE;

IXODIDA;

EID: 77955738397     PISSN: 21505594     EISSN: 21505608     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4161/viru.1.1.9933     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Cattadori IM, Boag B, Hudson PJ. Parasite co-infection and interaction as drivers of host heterogeneity. Int J Parasitol 2008; 38:88-93.
2. Abu-Raddad LJ, van der Ventel BIS, Ferguson NM. Interactions of multiple strain pathogen diseases in the presence of coinfection, cross immunity and arbitrary strain diversity. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:168102-4.
3. Hogan DA, Kolter R. Pseudomonas-Candida interactions: an ecological role for virulence factors. Science 2002; 296:2229-32.
4. Shirtliff ME, Peters BM, Jabra-Rizk MA. Crosskingdom interactions: Candida albicans and bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; In press.
5. Singer M. Introduction to syndemics: a systems approach to public and community health. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass 2009.
6. Rowbotham TJ. Preliminary report on the pathogenicity of Legionella pneumophila for freshwater and soil amoebae. J Clin Pathol 1980; 33:1179-83.
7. Rowbotham TJ. Current views on the relationships between amoebae, legionellae and man. Isr J Med Sci 1986; 22:678-89.
8. Greub G, Raoult D. Microorganisms resistant to freeliving amoebae. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004; 17:413-33.
9. Yan L, Cerny RL, Cirillo J. Evidence that hsp90 is involved in the altered interactions of Acanthamoeba castellanii variants with bacteria. Eukaryot Cell 2004; 3:567-78.
10. Cianciotto NP, Fields BS. Legionella pneumophila mip gene potentiates intracellular infection of protozoa and human macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89:5188-91.
11. Gao LY, Harb OS, Abu-Kwaik Y. Utilization of similar mechanisms by Legionella pneumophila to parasitize two evolutionarily distant host cells, mammalian macrophages and protozoa. Infect Immun 1997; 65:4738-46.
12. Segal G, Shuman HA. Legionella pneumophila utilizes the same genes to multiply within Acanthamoeba castellanii and human macrophages. Infect Immun 1999; 67:2117-24.
13. Stone BJ, Brier A, Kwaik YA. The Legionella pneumophila prp locus, required during infection of macrophages and amoebae. Microb Pathog 1999; 27:369-76.
14. Barker J, Brown MRW. Trojan horses of the microbial world: protozoa and the survival of bacterial pathogens in the environment. Microbiology 1994; 140:1253-9.
15. Bozue JA, Johnson W. Interaction of Legionella pneumophila with Acanthamoeba castellanii: uptake by coiling phagocytosis and inhibition of phagosomelysosome fusion. Infect Immun 1996; 64:668-73.
16. Cirillo JD, Falkow S, Tompkins LS, Bermudez LE. Interaction of Mycobacterium avium with environmental amoebae enhances virulence. Infect Immun 1997; 65:3759-67.
17. Borazjani RN, May LL, Noble JA, Avery SV, AhearnDG. Flow cytometry for determination of the efficacy of ontact lens disinfecting solutions against Acanthamoeba sp. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:1057-61.
18. Miltner EC, Bermudez LE. Mycobacterium avium grown in Acanthamoeba castellanii is protected from the effects of antimicrobials. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:1990-4.
19. King W, Larkins S, Hucks-Ortiz C, Wang J, Gorbach P, Veniegas R, et al. Factors associated with HIV viral load in a respondent driven sample in Los Angeles. AIDS & Behavior 2009; 13:145-53.
20. Barker J, Scaife H, Brown MR. Intraphagocytic growth induces an antibiotic-resistant phenotype of Legionella pneumophila. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39:2684-8.
21. Fritsche TR, Sobek D, Gautom RK. Enhancement of in vitro cytopathogenicity by Acanthamoeba spp. following acquisition of bacterial endosymbionts. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1998; 166:231-6.
22. Mendoza-Macías CL, Barrios-Ceballos MP, de la Peña LP, Rangel-Serrano A, Anaya-Velázquez F, Mirelman D, et al. Entamoeba histolytica: effect on virulence, growth and gene expression in response to monoxenic culture with Escherichia coli 055. Exp Parasitol 2009; 121:167-74.
23. Hoebe CJ, Kool JL. Control of Legionella in drinking-water systems. Lancet 2000; 355:2093-4.
24. Alsam S, Jeong SR, Sisson J, Dudley R, Kim KS, Khan NA. Escherichia coli interactions with Acanthamoeba: a symbiosis with environmental and clinical implications. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:689-94.
25. Barker J, Humphrey TJ, Brown MW. Survival of Escherichia coli O157 in a soil protozoan: implications for disease. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 15:291-5.
26. La Scola B, Audic S, Robert C, Jungang L, de Drancourt XM, Birtles R, et al. A giant virus in amoebae. Science 2003; 299:2033.
27. Thom S, Warhurst D, Drasar BS. Association of Vibrio cholerae with fresh water amoebae. J Med Microbiol 1998; 36:303-6.
28. Abd H, Saeed A, Weintraub A, Sandström G. Vibrio cholerae O139 requires neither capsule nor LPS O side chain to grow inside Acanthamoeba castellanii. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:125-31.
29. Garau J, Gomez L. Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2003; 16:135-43.
30. Obritsch MD, Fish DN, MacLaren R, Jung R. Nosocomial infections due to multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: epidemiology and treatment options. Pharacotherapy 2005; 25:1354-64.
31. Krishna-Prasad BN, Gupta SK. Preliminary report on engulfment and retention of Mycobacterium by trophozoites of axenically grown Acanthamoeba castellanii Douglas. Curr Sci 1978; 47:245-7.
32. Jung, S-K, Alsam S, Kim KS, Khan NA. Pathogenpathogen interactions: a comparative study of Escherichia coli interactions with the clinical and environmental isolates of Acanthamoeba. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 24:2339-48.
33. Laskowski-Arce M, Kim Orth K. Acanthamoeba castellanii promotes the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:7183-8.
34. Mattana A, Serra C, Mariotti E, Delogu G, Fiori PL, Cappuccinelli P. Acanthamoeba castellanii promotion of in vitro survival and transmission of coxsackie b3 viruses. Eukaryot Cell 2006; 5:665-71.
35. Danes L, Cerva L. Survival of polioviruses and echoviruses in Acanthamoeba castellanii cultivated in vitro. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol 1981; 25:169-74.
36. Herwaldt L, Gorman G, McGrath T. A new Legionella species, Legionella feeleii species nova, causes Pontiac fever in an automobile plant. Ann Intern Med 1984; 100:333-8.
37. Gecewicz T, Saravo L, Lett S, Kludt P, DeMaria A, Stobierski M, et al. Legionnaires' Disease Associated With Cooling Towers-Massachusetts, Michigan and Rhode Island, 1993. JAMA 1994; 272:426-7.
38. Faber D. Capitalizing on environmental injustice: the polluter-industrial complex in the age of globalization. Malden, MA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc 2009.
39. Thomas DL. The challenge of hepatitis C in the HIV-infected person. Ann Rev Med 2008; 59:473-85.
40. Matthews GV, Dore GJ. HIV and hepatitis C coinfection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23:1000-8.
41. Singer M, Stopka T, Siano C, Springer K, Barton G, Khoshnood K, et al. The social geography of AIDS and hepatitis risk: qualitative approaches for assessing local differences in sterile syringe access among injection drug users. Am J of Pub Hlth 2000; 90:1049-56.
42. Gerberding JL. Incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and cytomegalovirus among health care personnel at risk for blood exposure: final report from a longitudinal study. J Infect Dis 1994; 170:1410-7.
43. Ramratnam B, Bonhoeffer S, Binley J, Hurley A, Zhang L, Mittler JE. Rapid production and clearance of HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus assessed by large volumen plasma apheresis. Lancet 1999; 354:1782-5.
44. Thomas D, Astemborski J, Rai RM, Anania FA, Schaeffer M, Galai N, et al. The natural history of hepatitis C virus infection: host, viral and environmental factors. JAMA 2000; 284:2592-3.
45. Verucchi G, Calza R, Manfred R, Chiodo F. Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus coinfection: epidemiology, natural history, therapeutic options, and clinical management. Infection 2004; 33:33-46.
46. Kim A, Schulze zur Wiesch J, Kuntzen T, Timm J, Kaufmann D, Duncan J, et al. Impaired hepatitis C virus-specific T cell responses and recurrent hepatitis C virus in HIV coinfection. PLoS Medicine 2006; 3:492.
47. Roe B, Hall WW. Cellular and molecular interactions in coinfection with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus. Expert Rev Mol Med 2008; 10:30.
48. Butt AA, McGinnis K, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Crystal S, Simberkoff M, Goetzf MB, et al. (for the Veterans Aging Cohort Study). HIV infection and the risk of diabetes mellitus. AIDS 2009; 23:1227-34.
49. Izzedine H, Sene D, Cacoub P, Jansen H, Camous L, Brocheriou, et al. Kidney diseases in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. AIDS 2009; 23:1219-26.
50. Kottilil S, Yan MY, Reitano KN, Zhang X, Lempicki R, Roby G, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C infections induce distinct immunologic imprints in peripheral mononuclear cells. Hepatology 2009; 50:34-45.
51. George SL, Gebhardt J, Klinzman D, Foster MB, Patrick KD, Schmidt WN, et al. Hepatitis C virus viremia in HIV-infected individuals with negative HCV antibody tests. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2002; 31:154-62.
52. Cohen M, St. John T. HCV/HIV Coinfection. In: St. John, Sandt L, eds. Hepatitis C choices: diverse viewpoints and choices for your hepatitis C journey. 4th Edition. Oregon City, Oregon: Caring Ambassadors Program, Inc 2008; 275-84.
53. Perkhofer S, Lass-Flörl C. Anidulafungin and voriconazole in invasive fungal disease: pharmacological data and their use in combination. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2009; 18:1393-404.
54. Addrizzo-Harris D, Harkin T, McGuinness G, Naidich D, Rom W. Pulmonary Aspergilloma and AIDS. Chest 1997; 111:612-8.
55. Naz S, Tariq P. A study of the trend in prevalence of opportunistic Candidal co-infections among patients of pulmonary tuberculosis. Pak J Bot 2004; 36:857-862.
56. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Reported cases of Lyme disease by year, United States, 1991-2005. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases 2006.
57. Dumler J, Choi K-S, Carolos J, Barat N, Scorpio D, Garyu J, et al. Human granulocytic anaplasmosis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 11. 2005 Retrieved 2008; from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EiD/vol11no12/05-0898.htm.
58. Piesman JT, Hicks TC, Sinsky J, Obiri G. Simultaneous transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti by individual nymphal Ixodes dammini ticks. J Clin Microbiol 1987; 25:2012-3.
59. Benach JL, Coleman JL, Habicht GS, MacDonald A, Grunwaldt E, Giron JA. Serological evidence for simultaneous occurrences of Lyme disease and babesiosis. J Infect Dis 1985; 152:473-7.
60. Paparone PW, Glenn WB. Lyme disease with concurrentehrlichiosis. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1994; 94:568-77.
61. Krause P, Telford S, Spielman A, Sikand V, Ryan R, Christianson D, et al. Concurrent Lyme disease and babesiosis: evidence for increased severity and duration of illness. JAMA 1996; 275:165-1660.
62. Mitchell PD, Reed KD, Hofkes JM. Immunoserologic Evidence of Coinfection with Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia microti, and Human Granulocytic Ehrlichia Species in Residents of Wisconsin and Minnesota. J of Clin Microbiology 1996; 34:724-7.
63. Coleman J, LeVine D, Thill C, Kuhlow C, Benach J. Babesia microti and Borrelia burgdorferi follow independent courses of infection in mice. J of Infectious Diseases 2005; 192:1634-41.
64. Krause PJ, McKay K, Thompson CA, Sikand VK, Lentz R, Lepore T, et al. Disease-specific diagnosis of coinfecting tickborne zoonoses: babesiosis, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis and Lyme disease. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34:1184-91.
65. Rohani P, Earn D, Finkenstadt B, Grenfell BT. Population dynamic interference among childhood diseases. Proc R Soc Lond B 1998; 265:2033-41.
66. Taylor JM. Hepatitis delta virus. Virology 2006; 344:71-7.
67. Viana S, Paraná, R, Moreira R, Compri A, Maceo V. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus in the western Brazilian Amazon. Amer J Trop Med and Hygiene 2005; 73:808-14.
68. Blocker M, Levine W, St. Louis M. HIV Prevalence in patients with syphilis, United States. Sex Transm Dis 2000; 27:53-9.
69. Fleming DT, Wasserheit JN. From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection. Sex Transm Infect 1999; 75:3-17.
70. Wasserheit JN. Epidemiological synergy: interrelationships between human immunodeficiency virus infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. Sex Transm Dis 1992; 19:61-77.
71. Rolfs R, Joesoef M, Hendershot E, Rompalo A, Augenbraun M, Chiu, et al. A randomized trial of enhanced therapy for early syphilis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 1997; 337:307-14.
72. Rompalo AM, Joesoef MR, O'Donnell JA, Augenbraun M, Brady W, Radolf JD, et al. Clinical manifestations of early syphilis by HIV status and gender: results of the syphilis and HIV study. Sex Transm Dis 2001; 28:158-65.
73. Buchacz K, Patel P, Taylor M, Kerndt PR, Byers RH, Holmberg, et al. Syphilis increases HIV viral load and decreases CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected patients with new syphilis infections. AIDS 2004; 18:2075-9.
74. Sadiq ST, McSorley J, Copas AJ, Bennett J, Edwards SJ, Kaye S, et al. The effects of early syphilis on CD4 counts and HIV-1 RNA viral loads in blood and semen. Sex Transm Infect 2005; 81:380-5.
75. Baughn R, Musher D. Secondary syphilitic lesions. Clin Microbio Rev 2005; 189:205-16.
76. Nowak MA, May RM. Superinfection and the evolution of parasite virulence. Proc Biol Sci 1994; 255:81-9.
77. Palù G, Benetti L, Calistri A. Molecular basis of the interactions between Herpes Simplex Viruses and HIV-1. Herpes 2001; 8:50-5.
78. Mole L, Ripich S, Margolis D, Holodniy M. The impact of active herpes simplex infection on human immunodeficiency load. J Infect Dis 1997; 176:766-70.
79. Schacker T. The role of HSV in the transmission and progression of HIV. Herpes 2001; 8:46-9.
80. Adeyemo A, Odelowo E, Makanjunola D. Management of pulmonary aspergilloma in the presence of active tuberulosis. Thorax 1984; 39:862-7.
81. Rousseau C, Learn G, Bhattacharya T, Nickle D, Heckerman D, Chetty S, et al. Extensive intra-subtype recombination in South African human immunodefi ciency virus type 1 subtype C infections. J of Virology 2007; 81:4492-500.
82. Kijak G, McCutchan F. HIV diversity, molecular pidemiology, and the role of recombination. Current Infectious Disease Report 2005; 7:480-8.
83. Babakir-Mina M, Dimonte S, Perno CF, Ciotti M. Origin of the 2009 Mexico influenza virus: a comparative phylogenetic analysis of the principal external antigens and matrix protein. Arch Virol 2009; 154:1349-52.
84. Smith GJ, Bahl J, Vijaykrishna D, Zhang J, Poon LL, Chen H, et al. Dating the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106:11709-12.
85. Syndemics Prevention Network. Syndemics overview: what procedures are available for planning and evaluating initiatives to prevent syndemics? 2008; Retrieved 2008; from http://www.cdc.gov/syndemics/overview-planeval.htm.
86. Chadwick D. Pacific suite. National Geographic 2003; 203:104-27.
87. King CH, Shotts EB, Wooley RE, Porter KG. Survival of coliforms and bacterial pathogens within protozoa during chlorination. Appl Environ Microbiol 1988; 54:3023-33.
88. Freudenberg N, Fahs M, Galea S, Greenberg A. The impact of New York City's 1975 fiscal crisis on the tuberculosis, HIV, and homicide syndemic. Am J of Pub Hlth 2006; 96:424-34.
89. Herring D, Sattenspiel L. Social contexts, syndemics, and infectious disease in northern aboriginal populations. Am J of Hum Bio 2007; 19:190-202.
90. Mavridis A. Tuberculosis and syndemics: implications for Winnipeg, Manitoba. In Littleton J, Park J, Herring A, Farmer T, Eds. Multiplying and dividing tuberculosis in Canada and Aotearoa New Zealand. Research in Anthro and Ling 3:43-53.
91. Singer M, Clair S. Syndemics and Public Health: Reconceptualizing Disease in Bio-Social Context. Med Anthro Quarterly 2003; 17:423-41.
92. Singer M, Erickson P, Badiane L, Diaz R, Ortiz D, Abraham T, et al. Syndemics, sex and the city: understanding sexually transmitted disease in social and cultural context. Soc Sci & Med 2006; 63:2010-21.
93. Stall R, Friedman M, Catania J. Interacting epidemics and gay men's health: a theory of syndemic production among urban gay men. In Wolitski, Stall R, Valdiserri R, Eds. Unequal opportunity: health disparities affecting gay and bisexual men in the United States. New York: Oxford University Press 2007; 251-74.
94. Nichter M. Global Health: why cultural perceptions, social representations and biopolitics matter. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press 2009.
95. Abu-Raddad L, Kublin JG. Dual infection with HIV and malaria fuels the spread of both diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa. Science 2006; 314:1603-6.
96. Reddy KR, Hoofnagle JH, Tong MJ, Lee WM, Pockros P, Heathcote EJ, et al. Racial differences in responses to therapy with interferon in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1999; 30:787-93.
97. Kinzie JL, Naylor PH, Nathani MG, Peleman RR, Ehrinpreis MN, Lybik M, et al. African Americans with genotype 1 treated with interferon for chronic hepatitis C have a lower end-of-treatment response than Caucasians. J Viral Hepat 2001; 8:264-9.
98. Rawlings MK, Masters HL. Comorbidities and challenges affecting African Americans with HIV infection. J Natl Med Assoc 2008; 100:1477-81.
99. Rock M, Buntain B, Hatfield J, Hallgrímsson B. Animal-human connections, "one health," and the syndemic approach to prevention. Soc Sci & Med 2009; 68:991-5.
100. Singer M. Doorways in nature: syndemics, zoonotics and public health: a commentary on Rock, Buntain, Hatfield & Hallgrímsson. Soc Sci & Med 2009; 68:996-9.
101. Singer M, Herring A, Littleton J, Rock M. Syndemics in public health, In Singer M, Erickson P, eds. Medical anthropology companion. San Francisco: Wiley 2009; In press.
102. Chintu C. Tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in children: management challenges. Paediatric respiratory reviews 2007; 8:142-7.
103. st Annual Meeting of APHA 2003.