Interaction of Mycobacterium avium with environmental amoebae enhances virulence

Infection and Immunity

Volumn 65, Issue 9, 1997, Pages 3759-3767

  Cirillo, Jeffrey D ^b,c   Falkow, Stanley ^b   Tompkins, Lucy S ^b   Bermudez, Luiz E ^a  

^a Kuzell Institute for Arthritis and Infectious Diseases   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMOEBA; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; CONTAMINATION; EPITHELIUM CELL; GROWTH REGULATION; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION; MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENICITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SURVIVAL; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 0030884257     PISSN: 00199567     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.9.3759-3767.1997     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Ahn, G. S., E. Y. Choi, and K. W. Jeon. 1990. A symbiosome-membrane specific protein in symbiont-bearing Amoeba proteus as studied with monoclonal antibody. Endocytobios. Cell Res. 7:45-50.
2. Allen, P. G., and E. A. Dawidowicz. 1990. Phagocytosis in Acanthamoeba. II. Soluble and insoluble mannose-rich ligands stimulate phosphoinositide metabolism. J. Cell. Physiol. 145:514-521.
3. Allen, P. G., and E. A. Dawidowicz. 1990. Phagocytosis in Acanthamoeba. I. A mannose receptor is responsible for the binding and phagocytosis of yeast. J. Cell. Physiol. 145:508-513.
4. Anand, C. M., A. R. Skinner, A. Malic, and J. B. Kurtz. 1983. Interaction of L. pneumophila and a free living amoeba (Acanthamoeba palestinensis). J. Hyg. 91:167-178.
5. Armstrong, J. A., and P. D. A. Hart. 1971. Response of cultured macrophages to Mycobacterium tuberculosis with observations on fusion of lysosomes with phagosomes. J. Exp. Med. 134:713-740.
6. Arnow, P. M., T. Chou, D. Weil, E. N. Shapiro, and C. Kretzschmar. 1982. Nosocomial Legionnaires' disease caused by aerosolized tap water from respiratory devices. J. Infect. Dis. 146:460-467.
7. Aronson, J. D. 1926. Spontaneous tuberculosis in saltwater fish. J. Infect. Dis. 39:315-320.
8. Barker, J., and M. R. W. Brown. 1994. Trojan horses of the microbial world: protozoa and the survival of bacterial pathogens in the environment. Microbiology 140:1253-1259.
9. Barker, J., M. R. W. Brown, P. J. Collier, I. Farrell, and P. Gilbert. 1992. Relationship between Legionella pneumophila and Acanthamoeba polyphaga: physical status and susceptibility to chemical inactivation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:2420-2425.
10. Barker, J., P. A. Lambert, and M. R. W. Brown. 1993. Influence of intra-amoebic and other growth conditions on the surface properties of Legionella pneumophila. Infect. Immun. 61:3503-3510.
11. Benson, C. A. 1994. Disease due to the Mycobacterium avium complex in patients with AIDS: epidemiology and clinical syndrome. Clin. Infect. Dis. 18(Suppl 3):S218-S222.
12. Bermudez, L. E., A. Parker, and J. R. Goodman. 1997. Growth within macrophages increases the efficiency of Mycobacterium avium in invading other macrophages by a complement receptor-independent pathway. Infect. Immun. 65:1916-1925.
13. Bermudez, L. E., M. Petrofsky, P. Kolonoski, and L. S. Young. 1992. An animal model of Mycobacterium avium complex disseminated infection after colonization of the intestinal tract. J. Infect. Dis. 165:75-79.
14. Bermudez, L. E., K. Shelton, and L. S. Young. 1995. Comparison of the ability of Mycobacterium avium, M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis to invade and replicate within HEp-2 epithelial cells. Tubercle Lung Dis. 76:240-247.
15. Bermudez, L. E., and L. S. Young. 1994. Factors affecting invasion of HT-29 and HEp-2 epithelial cells by organisms of the Mycobacterium avium complex. Infect. Immun. 62:2021-2026.
16. Bermudez, L. E., and L. S. Young. 1988. Tumor necrosis factor, alone or in combination with IL-2, but not IFN-gamma, is associated with macrophage killing of Mycobacterium avium complex. J. Immunol. 140:3006-3013.
17. Bertram, M. A., C. B. Inderlied, S. Yadegar, P. Kolonoski, J. K. Yamada, and L. S. Young. 1986. Confirmation of the beige mouse model for study of disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium complex. J. Infect. Dis. 154:194-195.
18. Bowers, B., and E. D. Korn. 1968. The fine structure of Acanthamoeba castellanii. I. The trophozoite. J. Cell Biol. 39:95-111.
19. Brown, R. C., H. Bass, and J. P. Coombs. 1975. Carbohydrate binding proteins involved in phagocytosis by Acanthamoeba. Nature 254:434-435.
20. Carter, R. F., G. J. Cullity, V. J. Ojeda, P. Silberstein, and E. Willaert. 1981. A fatal case of meningoencephalitis due to a free-living amoeba of uncertain identity-probably Acanthamoeba sp. Pathology 13:51-68.
21. Cirillo, J. D., S. Falkow, and L. S. Tompkins. 1994. Growth of Legionella pneumophila in Acanthamoeba castellanii enhances invasion. Infect. Immun. 62:3254-3261.
22. Clark, H. F., and C. C. Shepard. 1963. Effect of environmental temperatures on infection with Mycobacterium marinum (Balnei) of mice and a number of poikilothermic species. J. Bacteriol. 86:1057-1069.
23. Colville, A., J. Crowley, D. Dearden, R. C. B. Slack, and J. V. Lee. 1993. Outbreak of Legionnaires' disease at University Hospital, Nottingham. Epidemiology, microbiology and control. Epidemiol. Infect. 110:105-116.
24. Costerton, J. W., K.-J. Cheng, G. G. Geesey, T. I. Ladd, J. C. Nickel, M. Dasgupta, and T. J. Marrie. 1987. Bacterial biofilms in nature and disease. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 41:435-464.
25. Crowle, A. J., A. Y. Tsang, A. E. Vatter, and M. H. May. 1986. Comparison of 15 laboratory and patient-derived strains of Mycobacterium avium for ability to infect and multiply in cultured human macrophages. J. Clin. Microbiol. 24:812-821.
26. Davies, B., L. S. Chattings, and S. W. Edwards. 1991. Superoxide generation during phagocytosis by Acanthamoeba castellanii: similarities to the respiratory burst of immune phagocytes. J. Gen. Microbiol. 137:705-710.
27. Davies, B., and S. W. Edwards. 1991. Chemiluminescence and superoxide production in Acanthamoeba castellanii: free radicals generated during oxidative stress. J. Gen. Microbiol. 137:1021-1027.
28. de Chastellier, C., C. Frehel, C. Offredo, and C. Skamene. 1993. Implication of phagosome-lysosome fusion in restriction of Mycobacterium avium growth in bone marrow macrophages from genetically resistant mice. Infect. Immun. 61:3775-3784.
29. Dillon, J., C. Millson, and I. Morris. 1990. Mycobacterium kansasii infection in the wrist and hand. Br. J. Rheumatol. 29:150-153.
30. du Moulin, G. C., K. D. Stottmeier, P. A. Pelletier, A. Y. Tsang, and J. Hedley-Whyte. 1988. Concentration of Mycobacterium avium by hospital hot water systems. JAMA 260:1599-1601.
31. Essig, A., M. Heinemann, U. Simnacher, and R. Marre. 1997. Infection of Acanthamoeba castellanii by Chlamydia pneumoniae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:1396-1399.
32. Feldman, R. A., M. W. Long, and H. L. David. 1974. Mycobacterium marinum: a leisure-time pathogen. J. Infect. Dis. 129:618-621.
33. Frehel, C., C. de Chastellier, T. Lang, and N. Rastogi. 1986. Evidence for inhibition of fusion of lysosomal and prelysosomal compartments with phagosomes in macrophages infected with pathogenic Mycobacterium avium. Infect. Immun. 52:252-262.
34. Glover, N., A. Holtzman, T. Aronson, S. Froman, O. G. W. Berlin, P. Dominguez, K. A. Kunkel, G. Overturf, G. Stelma, Jr., C. Smith, and M. Yakrus. 1994. The isolation and identification of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) recovered from Los Angeles potable water, a possible source of infection in AIDS patients. Int. J. Environ. Health Res. 4:63-72.
35. Grange, J. M. 1991. Environmental mycobacteria and human disease. Lepr. Rev. 62:353-361.
36. Grange, J. M., M. D. Yates, and E. Broughton. 1990. The avian tubercle bacillus and its relatives. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 68:411-431.
37. Heifets, L. B., and R. C. Good. 1994. Current laboratory methods for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, p. 85-110. In B. R. Bloom (ed.), Tuberculosis: pathogenesis, protection, and control. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
38. Heineman, H. S., S. Spitzer, and T. Pianphongsant. 1972. Fish tank granuloma: a hobby hazard. Arch. Intern. Med. 130:121-123.
39. Holden, E. P., H. H. Winkler, D. O. Wood, and E. D. Leinbach. 1984. Intracellular growth of Legionella pneumophila within Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff. Infect. Immun. 45:18-24.
40. Horsburgh, C. R., Jr. 1991. Mycobacterium avium complex in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). N. Engl. J. Med. 324:1332-1338.
41. Horwitz, M. A. 1983. The Legionnaires' disease bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion in human monocytes. J. Exp. Med. 158:2108-2126.
42. Isberg, R. R., and S. Falkow. 1985. A single genetic locus encoded by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis permits invasion of cultured animal cells by Escherichia coli K-12. Nature 317:262-264.
43. Jadin, J. B. 1975. Amibes limax vecteurs possible de Mycobacteries et de M. leprae. Acta Leprol. 59:57-67.
44. Joklik, W., H. Willett, D. B. Amos, and C. M. Wilfert. 1992. Zinsser microbiology, 20th ed. Appleton and Lange, San Mateo, Calif.
45. Kelly, P. J., A. G. Karlson, L. A. Weed, and P. R. Lipscomb. 1967. Infection of synovial tissues by Mycobacterium other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Bone Jt. Surg. 49:1521-1530.
46. Kiely, J. L., D. M. O'Riordan, S. Sheehan, J. Curtin, J. Hogan, and C. P. Bredin. 1995. Tenosynovitis due to mycobacteria other than tuberculosis: a hazard of water sports and hobbies. Respir. Med. 89:69-71.
47. King, C. H., B. S. Fields, E. B. Shotts, Jr., and E. H. White. 1991. Effects of cytochalasin D and methylamine on intracellular growth of Legionella pneumophila in amoebae and human monocyte-like cells. Infect. Immun. 59:758-763.
48. King, C. H., and E. B. Shotts, Jr. 1988. Enhancement of Edwardsiella tarda and Aeromonas salmonicida through ingestion by the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 51:95-100.
49. Krishna-Prasad, B. N., and S. K. Gupta. 1978. Preliminary report on engulfment and retention of mycobacteria by trophozoites of axenically grown Acanthamoeba castellanii Douglas. Curr. Sci. 47:245-247.
50. LeChevallier, M. W., A. D. Cawthon, and R. G. Lee. 1988. Factors promoting survival of bacteria in chlorinated water supplies. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:649-654.
51. Lock, R., L. Öhman, and C. Dahlgren. 1987. Phagocytic recognition mechanisms in human granulocytes and Acanthamoeba castellanii using type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli as phagocytic prey. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 44: 135-140.
52. Ly, T. M. C., and H. E. Müller. 1990. Ingested Listeria monocytogenes survive and multiply in protozoa. J. Med. Microbiol. 33:51-54.
53. Ly, T. M. C., and H. E. Müller. 1990. Interactions of Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria seeligeri, and Listeria inocua with protozoans. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 36:143-150.
54. Maniar, A. C., and L. R. Vanbuckethout. 1976. Mycobacterium kansasii from an environmental source. Can. J. Public Health 67:59-60.
55. Martinez, A. J. 1983. Free living amoeba: pathogenic aspect, a review. Protozool. Abstr. 7:293-306.
56. Martinez, A. J. 1977. Free-living amebic meningoencephalitides: comparative study. Neurol. Neurocir. Psiquiatr. 18:391-401.
57. Meenhorst, P. L., A. L. Reingold, D. G. Groothuis, G. W. Gorman, H. W. Wilkinson, R. M. McKinney, J. C. Feeley, D. J. Brenner, and R. van Furth. 1985. Water related nosocomal pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 and 10. J. Infect. Dis. 152:356-364.
58. Moffat, J. F., P. H. Edelstein, D. P. Regula, Jr., J. D. Cirillo, and L. S. Tompkins. 1994. Effects of an isogenic Zn-metalloprotease-deficient mutant of Legionella pneumophila in a guinea-pig model. Mol. Microbiol. 12:693-705.
59. Moffat, J. F., and L. S. Tompkins. 1992. A quantitative model of intracellular growth of Legionella pneumophila in Acanthamoeba castellanii. Infect. Immun. 60:296-301.
60. Montecalvo, M. A., G. Forester, A. Y. Tsang, G. du Moulin, and G. P. Wormser. 1994. Colonisation of potable water with Mycobacterium avium complex in homes of HIV-infected patients. Lancet 343:1639.
61. Muder, R. R., V. L. Yu, and A. H. Woo. 1986. Mode of transmission of Legionella pneumophila: a critical review. Arch. Intern. Med. 146:1607-1612.
62. Mycobacteriosis Research Group of the Japanese National Chest Hospitals. 1983. Rapid increase of the incidence of lung disease due to Mycobacterium kansasii in Japan. Chest 83:890-892.
63. Newsome, A. L., R. L. Baker, R. D. Miller, and R. D. Arnold. 1985. Interactions between Naegleria fowleri and Legionella pneumophila. Infect. Immun. 50:449-452.
64. Niszl, I. A., and M. B. Markus. 1989. Processing of free-living amoebae for transmission electron microscopy. Stain Technol. 64:259-260.
65. Park, M. S. 1990. Nucleotide sequence of a symbiotic bacterial gene coding for a protein used by the host Amoeba proteus. Endocytobios. Cell Res. 7:37-44.
66. Philpott, J. A., A. R. Woodburne, O. S. Philpott, W. B. Schaefer, and C. S. Mollohan. 1963. Swimming pool granuloma: a study of 290 cases. Arch. Dermatol. 88:158-162.
67. Plum, G., and J. E. Clark-Curtiss. 1994. Induction of Mycobacterium avium gene expression following phagocytosis by human macrophages. Infect. Immun. 62:476-483.
68. Ramakrishnan, L., and S. Falkow. 1994. Mycobacterium marinum persists in cultured mammalian cells in a temperature-restricted fashion. Infect. Immun. 62:3222-3229.
69. Rowbotham, T. J. 1980. Preliminary report on the pathogenicity of Legionella pneumophila for freshwater and soil amoebae. J. Clin. Pathol. 33:1179-1183.
70. Ryter, A. 1984. Macrophage interaction with mycobacteria including M. leprae. Acta Leprol. 2:211-226.
71. Shands, K. N., J. L. Ho, R. D. Meyer, G. W. Gorman, P. H. Edelstein, G. F. Mallison, S. M. Finegold, and D. W. Fraser. 1985. Potable water as a source of Legionnaires' disease. JAMA 253:1412-1416.
72. Shepard, C. C. 1957. Growth characteristics in HeLa cells of the rapidly growing acid fast bacteria. Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium phlei, and Mycobacterium smegmatis. J. Bacteriol. 73:722-726.
73. Shepard, C. C. 1957. Growth characteristics of tubercle bacilli and certain other mycobacteria in HeLa cells. J. Exp. Med. 105:39-48.
74. Thom, S., D. Warhurst, and B. S. Drasar. 1992. Association of Vibrio cholerae with fresh water amoebae. J. Med. Microbiol. 36:303-306.
75. Tyndall, R. L., and E. L. Domingue. 1982. Cocultivation of Legionella pneumophila and free-living amoebae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44:954-959.
76. von Reyn, C. F., J. N. Maslow, T. W. Barber, J. O. Falkinham III., and R. D. Arbeit. 1994. Persistent colonisation of potable water as a source of Mycobacterium avium infection in AIDS. Lancet 343:1137-1141.
77. von Reyn, C. F., R. D. Waddell, T. Eaton, R. D. Arbeit, J. N. Maslow, T. W. Barber, R. J. Brindle, C. F. Gilks, J. Lumio, J. Lähdevirta, A. Ranki, D. Dawson, and J. O. Falkinham III. 1993. Isolation of Mycobacterium avium complex from water in the United States, Finland, Zaire, and Kenya. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:3227-3230.
78. Wayne, L. G., and G. P. Kubica. 1986. Mycobacteria, p. 1436-1457. In P. H. A. Sneath, N. S. Mair, M. E. Sharpe, and J. G. Holt (ed.), Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 2. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md.
79. Wendt, S. L., K. L. George, B. C. Parker, H. Gruft, and J. O. Falkinham III. 1980. Epidemiology of infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria: isolation of potentially pathogenic mycobacteria from aerosols. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 122:259-263.