STEMI and heart failure in the elderly: Role of adverse remodeling

Heart Failure Reviews

Volumn 15, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 513-521

  Jelani, Anwar ^a   Jugdutt, Bodh I ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Aging; Healing; Heart failure; ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; Ventricular remodeling

Indexed keywords

ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST; ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; FIBRINOGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; HEPARIN; HYDRALAZINE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; NITRATE; PERINDOPRIL; PLACEBO;

AGED; AGING; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMORBIDITY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DELAYED DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE SEVERITY; EARLY INTERVENTION; ELDERLY CARE; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HEART EJECTION FRACTION; HEART FAILURE; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HEART VENTRICLE REMODELING; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MORTALITY; PATIENT SELECTION; POLYPHARMACY; RESEARCH SUBJECT; REVIEW; ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; SURVIVAL RATE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; ALBERTA; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; HEART FAILURE; HUMANS; MALE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; RISK FACTORS; STROKE VOLUME; TIME FACTORS; VENTRICULAR FUNCTION, LEFT; VENTRICULAR REMODELING;

EID: 77955713353     PISSN: 13824147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10741-010-9177-3     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. D Lloyd-Jones RJ Adams TM Brown, et al. 2010 Heart disease and stroke statistics-2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Circulation 121 e1 e170 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.878314
2. Bureau (2007) UC. U.S. Census Bureau, 2007, U.S. Interim Projections by age
3. MW Rich 2006 Epidemiology, clinical features, and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction in the elderly Am J Geriatr Cardiol 15 7 11 10.1111/j.1076-7460.2006.05273.x 16415640
4. SA Hunt WT Abraham MH Chin, et al. 2005 ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Writing committee to update the 2001 guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure) Circulation 112 e154 e235 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586 16160202
5. M Jessup WT Abraham DE Casey, et al. 2009 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Circulation 119 1977 2016 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064 19324967
6. K Dickstein A Cohen-Solal G Filippatos, et al. 2008 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology Eur J Heart Fail 10 933 989 10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.08.005 18826876
7. KP Alexander LK Newby, et al. 2007 Acute coronary care in the elderly, part II: ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology: in collaboration with the Society of Geriatric Cardiology Circulation 115 2570 2589 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.182616 17502591
8. BI Jugdutt 2008 Aging and remodeling during healing of the wounded heart: current therapies and novel drug targets Curr Drug Targets 9 325 344 10.2174/138945008783954934 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXkvFeltrw%3D 18393826
9. M St John Sutton MA Pfeffer, et al. 1997 Cardiovascular death and left ventricular remodeling two years after myocardial infarction: baseline predictors and impact of long-term use of captopril: information from the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) trial Circulation 96 3294 3299 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FlslWjtw%3D%3D 9396419
10. JJ McMurray S Stewart 2000 Epidemiology, aetiology, and prognosis of heart failure Heart 83 596 602 10.1136/heart.83.5.596 1:STN:280: DC%2BD3c3jt1SqsQ%3D%3D 10768918
11. GF Mendez MR Cowie 2001 The epidemiological features of heart failure in developing countries: a review of the literature Int J Cardiol 80 213 219 10.1016/S0167-5273(01)00497-1 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mrjt1aqtg%3D%3D 11578717
12. World Health Organization (WHO) (2009) Definition of an older or elderly person. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/ageingdefnolder/en/print.html. Accessed 30 Dec 2009
13. DM Lloyd-Jones MG Larson EP Leip, et al. 2002 Framingham Heart Study. Lifetime risk for developing congestive heart failure: the Framingham Heart Study Circulation 106 3068 3072 10.1161/01.CIR.0000039105.49749.6F 12473553
14. PA McCullough AK Khandelwal JE McKinnon, et al. 2005 Outcomes and prognostic factors of systolic as compared with diastolic heart failure in urban America Congest Heart Fail 11 6 11 10.1111/j.1527-5299.2005.03731.x 15722664
15. K McDonald 2008 Diastolic heart failure in the elderly: underlying mechanisms and clinical relevance Int J Cardiol 125 197 202 10.1016/j.ijcard. 2007.10.002 18160154
16. F Tehrani A Phan CV Chien, et al. 2009 Value of medical therapy in patients >80 years of age with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction Am J Cardiol 103 829 833 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.11.047 19268740
17. Weisfeldt ML (1980) The aging heart. Its function and response to stress, vol 12. Raven Press, New York
18. Lakatta E (2003) Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises. Parts I, II and III. Circulation 107:139-146; 346-354; 490-497
19. Cheitlin MD, Zipes DP (2001) Cardiovascular disease in the elderly. In: Zipes DP, Libby P (eds) Braunwald's Heart Disease. A textbook of cardiovascular medicine, vol 2. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 2019-2037
20. Schwartz JB, Zipes DP (2008) Cardiovascular disease in the elderly. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP (eds) Braunwald's Heart Disease. A textbook of cardiovascular medicine, vol 2. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 1923-1953
21. H Johansen B Strauss JMO Arnold G Moe P Liu 2003 On the rise: the current and projected future burden of congestive heart failure hospitalization in Canada Can J Cardiol 19 430 435 12704491
22. KF Fox MR Cowie DA Wood, et al. 2001 Coronary artery disease as the cause of incident heart failure in the population Eur Heart J 22 228 236 10.1053/euhj.2000.2289 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3ht12itg%3D%3D 11161934
23. P Liu JMO Arnold I Belenkie, et al. 2001 The 2001 Canadian Cardiovascular Society consensus guideline update for the management and prevention of heart failure Can J Cardiol 17 5E 25E 11773943
24. BI Jugdutt 1990 Identification of patients prone to infarct expansion by the degree of regional shape distortion on an early two-dimensional echocardiogram after myocardial infarction Clin Cardiol 13 28 40 10.1002/clc.4960130107 1:STN:280:DyaK3c7isFeisA%3D%3D 2297956
25. BI Jugdutt SB Tang MI Khan CA Basulado 1992 Functional impact of remodeling during healing after non-Q wave versus Q wave anterior myocardial infarction in the dog J Am Coll Cardiol 20 722 731 10.1016/0735-1097(92)90031-H 1:STN:280:DyaK38zotFaisg%3D%3D 1512355
26. BI Jugdutt MI Khan 1992 Impact of increased infarct transmurality on remodelling and function during healing after anterior myocardial infarction in the dog Can J Physiol Pharmacol 70 949 958 1:STN:280:DyaK3s%2Fot1GrtA%3D%3D 1451032
27. E Boesma N Mercado D Poldermans, et al. 2003 Acute myocardial infarction Lancet 361 847 858 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12712-2
28. KA Reimer JE Lowe MM Ramussen, et al. 1977 The wavefront phenomenon of ischemic cell death, 1: myocardial infarct size versus duration of coronary occlusion in dogs Circulation 56 786 794 1:STN:280:DyaE1c%2Fit1yjtQ%3D%3D 912839
29. BI Jugdutt 1993 Prevention of ventricular remodelling post myocardial infarction: timing and duration of therapy Can J Cardiol 9 103 114 1:STN:280:DyaK3s7nslGgsw%3D%3D 8439824
30. Mann DL (2008) Management of heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP (eds) Braunwald's Heart Disease. A textbook of cardiovascular medicine, vol 1. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, USA, pp 611-640
31. MA Pfeffer E Braunwald 1990 Ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction Circulation 81 1161 1172 1:STN:280:DyaK3c3gtVWjsQ%3D%3D 2138525
32. RJ Goldberg D McCormick JH Gurwitz, et al. 1998 Age-related trends in short- and long-term survival after acute myocardial infarction: a 20-year population-based perspective (1975-1995) Am J Cardiol 82 1311 1317 10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00633-X 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2Fnt1Ogsw%3D%3D 9856911
33. HD White GI Barbash RM Califf, et al. 1996 Age and outcome with contemporary thrombolytic therapy. Results from the GUSTO-I trial. Global utilization of streptokinase and TPA for occluded coronary arteries trial Circulation 94 1826 1833 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2FislGitQ%3D%3D 8873656
34. PH Stone B Thompson HV Anderson, et al. 1996 Influence of race, sex, and age on management of unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: the TIMI III registry JAMA 275 1104 1112 10.1001/jama.275.14.1104 1:STN:280:DyaK287osVegtQ%3D%3D 8601930
35. MW Rich MS Bosner MK Chung, et al. 1992 Is age an independent predictor of early and late mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction? Am J Med 92 7 13 10.1016/0002-9343(92)90008-Y 1:STN:280:DyaK387hslSlsA%3D%3D 1731513
36. RJ Goldberg J Yarzebski D Lessard JM Gore 1999 A two-decades (1975 to 1995) long experience in the incidence, in-hospital and long-term case-fatality rates of acute myocardial infarction: a community-wide perspective J Am Coll Cardiol 33 1533 1539 10.1016/S0735-1097(99)00040-6 1:STN:280: DyaK1M3msFGrug%3D%3D 10334419
37. JA Ezekowitz P Kaul JA Bakal, et al. 2009 Declining in-hospital mortality and increasing heart failure incidence in elderly patients with first myocardial infarction J Am Coll Cardiol 53 13 20 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.067 19118718
38. HM Krumholz Y Wang J Chen, et al. 2009 Reduction in acute myocardial infarction mortality in the United States: risk-standardized mortality rates from 1995-2006 JAMA 302 767 773 10.1001/jama.2009.1178 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1MXhtVWhtLrN 19690309
39. E Boersma The Primary Coronary Angioplasty vs. Thrombolysis (PCAT)-2 Trialists' Collaborative Group 2006 Does time matter? A pooled analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing primary percutaneous coronary intervention and in-hospital fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction patients Eur Heart J 27 779 788 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi810 16513663
40. I Goldenberg S Matetzky A Halkin, et al. 2003 Primary angioplasty with routine stenting compared with thrombolytic therapy in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction Am Heart J 145 862 867 10.1016/S0002-8703(02)94709-5 12766745
41. MJ de Boer JP Ottervanger AW van 't Hof, et al. 2002 Reperfusion therapy in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction: a randomized comparison of primary angioplasty and thrombolytic therapy J Am Coll Cardiol 39 1723 1728 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)01878-8 12039482
42. L Bolognese AN Neskovic, et al. 2002 Left ventricular remodeling after primary coronary angioplasty: patterns of left ventricular dilation and long-term prognostic implications Circulation 106 2351 2357 10.1161/01.CIR. 0000036014.90197.FA 12403666
43. Wenger N (1993) Inclusion of elderly individuals in clinical trials. In: Wenger N (ed) Proceedings cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular therapy as a model. Marion Merrell Dow, Inc, Kansas
44. KP Alexander LK Newby CP Cannon, et al. 2007 Acute coronary care in the elderly, part I: non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology: in collaboration with the Society of Geriatric Cardiology Circulation 115 2549 2569 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.182615 17502590
45. PY Lee KP Alexander BG Hammill SK Pasquali ED Peterson 2001 Representation of elderly persons and women in published randomized trials of acute coronary syndromes JAMA 286 708 713 10.1001/jama.286.6.708 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvmtFeisQ%3D%3D 11495621
46. JH Gurwitz NF Col J Avorn 1992 The exclusion of the elderly and women from clinical trials in acute myocardial infarction JAMA 268 1417 1422 10.1001/jama.268.11.1417 1:STN:280:DyaK38zotFyrsQ%3D%3D 1512909
47. GL Nicolosi S Golcea C Ceconi, et al. 2009 Effects of perindopril on cardiac remodelling and prognostic value of pre-discharge quantitative echocardiographic parameters in elderly patients after acute myocardial infarction: the PREAMI echo substudy Eur Heart J 30 1656 1665 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp139 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXosVantrw%3D 19406871
48. M Bujak HJ Kweon, et al. 2008 Aging-related defects are associated with adverse cardiac remodeling in a mouse model of reperfused myocardial infarction J Am Coll Cardiol 51 1384 1392 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.011 18387441
49. BI Jugdutt AW Jelani 2008 Aging and defective healing, adverse remodeling, and blunted post-conditioning in the reperfused wounded heart J Am Coll Cardiol 51 1399 1403 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.12.027 18387443
50. K Przyklenk M Maynard CE Darling P Whittaker 2008 Aging mouse hearts are refractory to infarct size reduction with post-conditioning J Am Coll Cardiol 51 1393 1398 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.11.070 18387442
51. BI Jugdutt 2007 Cyclooxygenase inhibition and adverse remodeling during healing after myocardial infarction Circulation 115 288 291 10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675306 17242292
52. AP Maggioni A Maseri C Fresco, et al. 1993 Age-related increase in mortality among patients with first myocardial infarctions treated with thrombolysis. The Investigators of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI-2) New Engl J Med 329 1442 1448 10.1056/NEJM199311113292002 1:STN:280:DyaK2c%2FhvFKitw%3D%3D 8413454
53. H Bueno M Martinez-Selles E Perez-David R Lopez-Palop 2005 Effect of thrombolytic therapy on the risk of cardiac rupture and mortality in older patients with first acute myocardial infarction Eur Heart J 26 1705 1711 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi284 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFSkt7bF 15855190
54. JH Gurwitz TJ McLaughlin DJ Willison, et al. 1997 Delayed hospital presentation in patients who have had acute myocardial infarction Ann Intern Med 126 593 599 1:STN:280:DyaK2s3ktlalug%3D%3D 9103125
55. J Yarzebski RJ Goldberg JM Gore JS Alpert 1994 Temporal trends and factors associated with extent of delay to hospital arrival in patients with acute myocardial infarction: the Worcester Heart Attack Study Am Heart J 128 255 263 10.1016/0002-8703(94)90477-4 1:STN:280:DyaK2czhtFWrsw%3D%3D 8037091
56. RJ Goldberg J Yarzebski D Lessard JM Gore 2000 Decade-long trends and factors associated with time to hospital presentation in patients with acute myocardial infarction: the Worcester Heart Attack study Arch Int Med 160 3217 3223 10.1001/archinte.160.21.3217 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FmvFOltg%3D%3D
57. DK Moser LP Kimble MJ Alberts, et al. 2006 Reducing delay in seeking treatment by patients with acute coronary syndrome and stroke: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on cardiovascular nursing and stroke council Circulation 114 168 182 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.176040 16801458
58. KL Lee LH Woodlief EJ Topol, et al. 1995 Predictors of 30-day mortality in the era of reperfusion for acute myocardial infarction. Results from an international trial of 41, 021 patients. GUSTO-I Investigators Circulation 91 1659 1668 1:STN:280:DyaK2M7ovVeiuw%3D%3D 7882472
59. VC Woon KH Lim 2003 Acute myocardial infarction in the elderly - the differences compared with the young Singapore Med J 44 414 418 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c%2FgsVWqug%3D%3D 14700421
60. LK Newby WR Rutsch RM Califf, et al. 1996 Time from symptom onset to treatment and outcomes after thrombolytic therapy. GUSTO-1 Investigators J Am Coll Cardiol 27 1646 1655 10.1016/S0735-1097(96)82148-6 1:STN:280: DyaK283itFyguw%3D%3D 8636549
61. V Dzavik LA Sleeper MH Picard, et al. 2005 Outcome of patients aged > or = 75 years in the SHould we emergently revascularize occluded coronaries in cardiogenic shocK (SHOCK) trial: do elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock respond differently to emergent revascularization? Am Heart J 149 1128 1134 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.03.045 15976798
62. A Sinkovic M Marinsek F Svensek 2006 Women and men with unstable angina and/or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction Wien Klin Wochenschr 118 Suppl 2 52 57 10.1007/s00508-006-0553-x 16817045
63. ME Khalil EN Heller F Boctor, et al. 2001 Ventricular free wall rupture in acute myocardial infarction J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 6 231 236 10.1177/107424840100600303 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mrjs1Gjuw%3D%3D 11584329
64. JP Hellermann SJ Jacobsen GS Reeder, et al. 2003 Heart failure after myocardial infarction: prevalence of preserved left ventricular systolic function in the community Am Heart J 145 742 748 10.1067/mhj.2003.187 12679774
65. AD Michaels 1997 Risk of stroke after myocardial infarction N Engl J Med 336 1916 1917 10.1056/NEJM199706263362615 1:STN:280:DyaK2szisVSrsw%3D%3D 9198759
66. G Ertl S Frantz 2005 Healing after myocardial infarction Cardiovasc Res 66 22 32 10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.01.011 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXitleqtbk%3D 15769445
67. BI Jugdutt 2003 Ventricular remodeling after infarction and the extracellular collagen matrix: when is enough enough? Circulation 108 1395 1403 10.1161/01.CIR.0000085658.98621.49 12975244
68. SS Rathore AK Berger KP Weinfurt, et al. 2000 Acute myocardial infarction complicated by atrial fibrillation in the elderly: prevalence and outcomes Circulation 101 969 974 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7mvFWgsQ%3D%3D 10704162
69. A Avezum M Makdisse F Spencer, et al. 2005 Impact of age on management and outcome of acute coronary syndrome: observations from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) Am Heart J 149 67 73 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.06.003 15660036
70. AH Skolnick KP Alexander AY Chen, et al. 2007 Characteristics, management, and outcomes of 5,557 patients age > or = 90 years with acute coronary syndromes: results from the CRUSADE Initiative J Am Coll Cardiol 49 1790 1797 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.01.066 17466230
71. Jugdutt BI (2010) Heart failure in the elderly: advances and challenges. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther (in press)
72. WJ Paulus C Tschöpe JE Sanderson, et al. 2007 How to diagnose diastolic heart failure: a consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the Heart Failure and Echocardiography Associations of the European Society of Cardiology Eur Heart J 28 2539 2550 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm037 17428822
73. Redfield MM (2008) Heart failure with normal ejection fraction. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP (eds) Braunwald's Heart Disease. A textbook of cardiovascular medicine, vol 1. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 641-664
74. FA Masoudi EP Havranek G Smith, et al. 2003 Gender, age, and heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function J Am Coll Cardiol 41 217 223 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02696-7 12535812
75. Larsen PD, Martin JL (1999) Polypharmacy and elderly patients. AORN J 69:619-622, 25, 27-8
76. BA Jones 1997 Decreasing polypharmacy in clients most at risk AACN Clin Issues 8 627 634 10.1097/00044067-199711000-00014 1:STN:280: DyaK1c%2FlsVChuw%3D%3D 9392719
77. Jugdutt BI (2010) Aging and heart failure: changing demographics and implications for therapy in the elderly. Heart Fail Rev (in press)