A brief history of malaria chemotherapy

Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh

Volumn 40, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 172-177

  Butler, A R ^a   Khan, S ^b   Ferguson, E ^b  

^a Honorary Reader in Medical Scienc   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Artemisinin; Chloroquine; Combination therapy; Drug resistance; Malaria; Quinine

Indexed keywords

ARTEMISININ; ARTESUNATE; CHLOROQUINE; CHLORPHENOTANE; CINCHONA BARK; MEPACRINE; QUININE; SONTOQUINE;

ABSENCE OF SIDE EFFECTS; ANTIMALARIAL DRUG RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; BARK; CINCHONA; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SOLUBILITY; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG SUBSTITUTION; DRUG SYNTHESIS; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; HISTORY OF MEDICINE; HUMAN; INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY; MALARIA; MALARIA CONTROL; MILITARY MEDICINE; NONHUMAN; PLASMODIUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE INFECTION; SOLDIER;

ANTIMALARIALS; ARTEMISININS; HISTORY, 17TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 18TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; MALARIA; QUINACRINE;

EID: 77955624545     PISSN: 14782715     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4997/JRCPE.2010.216     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Packard RM. The making of a tropical disease: a short history of malaria. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2007.
2. Rocco F. The miraculous fever-tree: malaria, medicine and the cure that changed the world. New York: HarperCollins; 2003.
3. http://www.malaria.com/info/malaria-history.php#quinine
4. Jarcho S. Quinine's predecessor: Francesco Torti and the early history of cinchona. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1993.
5. Pelletier P-J, Caventou JB. Recherches chimiques sur les quinquinas. Annales de chimie et de physique 1820; 15:289-318. In French.
6. Honigsbaum M. The fever trail. London: Macmillan; 2001.
7. Sneader W. Drug prototypes and their exploitation. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 1995.
8. Sneader W. Drug discovery: the evolution of modern medicines. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 1985.
9. Surrey AR, Hammer HF. Some 7-substituted aminoquinoline derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 1946; 68:113-6. doi:10.1021/ja01205a036
10. Tren R, Bate R. Malaria and the DDT story. London: Institute of Economic Affairs; 2001.
11. Li Y, editor. Discovery and development of new antimalarial drug (artemisinin). Shanghai: Scientific & Technical Publishers; 2007.
12. Taylor K. Chinese medicine in early Communist China, 1945-63. London: Routledge Curzon; 2005.
13. Butler AR, Moffett J. The antimalarial action of changshan (febrifugine). Asian Medicine: Tradition & Modernity 2005; 1:423-31.
14. Li Y, Wu Y-L. An over four millennium story behind qinghaosu (artemisinin). A fantastic antimalarial drug from a traditional Chinese herb. Curr Med Chem 2003: 10:2197-230. doi:10.2174/0929867033456710
15. Liu J-M, Ni M-Y, Fan Y-F et al. [Structure and reactions of arteannuin.] Acta Chimica Sinica 1979; 37: 129-141. In Chinese.
16. Qinghaosu Antimalaria Coordinating Research Group. Antimalarial studies of qinghaosu. Chin Med J (English edition) 1979; 92:811-16.
17. Pagola S, Stephens PW, Bohle DS et al. The structure of malaria pigment beta-haematin. Nature 2000; 404:307-10. doi:10.1038/35005132
18. Wu W-M, Wu Y, Wu Y-L et al. Unified mechanistic framework for the Fe(II)-induced cleavage of qinghaosu and derivatives/analogues.The first spin-trapping evidence for the previously postulated secondary C-4 radical. J Am Chem Soc 1998; 120:3316-25. doi:10.1021/ja973080o
19. Eckstein-Ludwig U, Webb RJ, van Goethem ID et al. Artemisinins target the SERCA of Plasmodium falciparum. Nature 2003; 424:957- 961. doi:10.1038/nature01813
20. Wu W-M, Yao Z-J, Wu Y-L et al. Ferrous ion induced cleavage of the peroxy bond in qinghaosu and its derivatives and the DNA damage associated with this process. Chem Comm 1996; 18:2213-4. doi:10.1039/cc9960002213
21. Lin AJ, Lee M, Klayman DL. Antimalarial activity of new water soluble dihydroartemisinin derivatives. 2. Stereospecificity of the ether side chain. J Med Chem 1989; 32:1249-1252. doi:10.1021/ jm00126a017
22. Hsu E. Diverse biologies and experimental continuities. Did the ancient Chinese know that qinghao had antimalarial properties? Canad Bull Med Hist 2009; 26:203-13.
23. Maggs JL, Batty KT, Ilett KF et al. Isomerization in the human urine of a glucuronide of the antimalarial endoperoxide drug dihydroartemisinin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1998; 46:293P.
24. Shay C. In a malaria hot spot, resistance to a key drug. Time 14 November 2009. Available at: http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1939239,00.html
25. Attaran A, Barnes KI, Curtis C et al. WHO, the Global Fund, and medical malpractice in malaria treatment. Lancet 2004; 363:237- 240. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15330-5
26. Vennerstrom JL, Acton N, Lin AI et al. Peroxides as oxidant malarials. Drug Des Deliv 1989; 4:45-54.
27. Ro D-K, Paradise EM, Ouellet M et al.Production of the antimalarial drug precursor artemisinic acid in engineered yeast. Nature 2006; 440:940-3. doi:10.1038/nature04640
28. 28 CNAP update number 5. Available from: http://www.york.ac.uk/org/cnap/artemisiaproject/projectUpdates.htm
29. Graham IA, Besser K, Blumer S et al. The genetic map of Artemisia annua L. identifies loci affecting yield of the antimalarial drug artemisinin. Science 2010; 327:328-31. doi:10.1126/science.1182612