A critical review and systematic discussion of recent classification proposals for Liolaemid lizards

Zootaxa

Volumn , Issue 2549, 2010, Pages 1-30

  Lobo, Fernando ^a   Espinoza, Robert E ^b   Quinteros, Sebastian ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SALTA   (Argentina)

^b CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Classification; Ctenoblepharys; Description; Identification; Liolaemidae; Liolaemus; Nomenclature; Phylogeny; Phymaturus; Systematics; Taxonomy

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955501096     PISSN: 11755326     EISSN: 11755334     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2549.1.1     Document Type: Review

References (136)

1. Abdala, C. (2002) Nuevo Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) perteneciente al grupo boulengeri de la provincia de Neuquén, Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetología, 16, 3-13.
2. Abdala, C. S. (2007) Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa, 1538, 1-84.
3. Abdala, C. S., Quinteros, A. S. & Espinoza, R. E. (2008) Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the Puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica, 64, 458-471.
4. Avila, L. J., Perez, C. H. & Morando, M. (2003) A new species of Liolaemus (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) From Northwestern Patagonia (Neuquén, Argentina). Herpetologica, 59, 532-543.
5. Avila, L. J., Morando, M., Perez, C. H. & Sites, Jr., J. W. (2004) Phylogenetic relationships of lizards of the Liolaemus petrophilus group (Squamata, Liolaemidae), with description of two new species from western Argentina. Herpetologica, 60, 187-203.
6. Avila, L. J., Morando, M. & Sites, Jr., J. W. (2006) Congeneric phylogeography: hypothesizing species limits and evolutionary processes in Patagonian lizards of the Liolaemus boulengeri group (Squamata: Liolaemini). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 89, 241-275.
7. Avila, L. J., Morando, M., Perez, D. R. & Sites, Jr., J. W. (2007) A new species of Liolaemus (Reptilia: Squamata: Liolaemini) from southern Mendoza province, Argentina. Zootaxa, 1452, 43-54.
8. Avila, L. J., Morando, M., Perez, D. R. & Sites, Jr., J. W. (2009) A new species of Liolaemus from Añelo sand dunes, northern Patagonia, Neuquén, Argentina, and molecular phylogenetic relationships of the Liolaemus wiegmannii species group (Squamata, Iguania, Liolaemini). Zootaxa, 2234, 39-55.
9. Bell, T. (1843) Part V, Reptiles, in: Darwin, C. (editor and superintendent), The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle, under command of Captain Fitzroy, R. N., during the years 1832 to 1836. Smith, Elder & Co., London, vi+55 pp.
10. Blackburn, D. G. (1994) Review: discrepant usage of the term 'ovoviviparity' in the herpetological literature. Herpetological Journal, 4, 65-72.
11. Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition, London, 2: xiii+497 pp.
12. Burt, C. E. & Burt, M. D. (1931) South American lizards in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 61, 227-395.
13. Campbell, J. A. & Frost, D. R. (1993) Anguid lizards of the genus Abronia: revisionary notes, descriptions of four new species, phylogenetic analysis, and key. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 216, 1-121.
14. Cei, J. M. (1973) Herpetología Patagónica-VI. Los Liolaemus del grupo fitzingeri [sic] en Santa Cruz y Chubut. Physis, 32, 447-458.
15. Cei, J. M. (1974) Revision of the Patagonian iguanids of the Liolaemus elongatus complex. Journal of Herpetology, 8, 219-229.
16. Cei, J. M. (1979) A reassessment of the genus Ctenoblepharis [sic] (Reptilia, Sauria, Iguanidae) with a description of a new subspecies of Liolaemus multimaculatus from western Argentina. Journal of Herpetology, 13, 297-302.
17. Cei, J. M. (1980) L'identité des syntypes de Proctotretus fitzingeri [sic] Duméril et Bibron, 1837. Bulletin Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), Ser. 4, A 2, 317-320.
18. Cei, J. M. (1986) Reptiles del centro, centro-oeste y sur de la Argentina. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino: Monografie, (4), 1-527.
19. Cei, J. M. (1993) Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de la Argentina. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino: Monografie, (14), 1-949.
20. Cei, J. M. & Scolaro, J. A. (1980) Two new subspecies of the Liolaemus fitzingeri [sic] complex from Argentina. Journal of Herpetology, 14, 37-43.
21. Cei, J. M. & Scolaro, J. A. (1982) A new species of the Patagonian genus Vilcunia, with remarks on its morphology, ecology and distribution. Journal of Herpetology, 16, 354-363.
22. Cei, J. M. & Scolaro, J. A. (1983) Un nuevo arreglo taxonómico para los Liolaemus del grupo fitzingeri [sic]. Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina, 1, 15-16.
23. Cei, J. M. & Scolaro, J. A. (1999) Speciation of the "darwinii complex" (genus Liolaemus, "patch group") in the southernmost area of its distribution (Reptilia: Tropiduridae). Revue Française Aquariologie, 26, 79-82.
24. Cei, J. M. & Scolaro, J. A. (2006) The neotype of the type species of the neotropical iguanian genus Phymaturus: a critical commentary on a recent opinion of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Zootaxa, 1297, 17-22.
25. Cei, J. M. & Videla, F. (2002) Singulares hallazgos evolutivos y taxonómicos en géneros de iguánidos relevantes de la herpetofauna andina y de zonas limítrofes. Multequina, 11, 65-73.
26. Cei, J. M. & Videla, F. (2003) A new Phymaturus species from volcanic cordilleran mountains of the southwestern Mendoza Province, Argentina (Liolaemidae, Iguania, Lacertilia, Reptilia). Bolletino Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, 20, 291-314.
27. Conrad, J. L. (2008) Phylogeny and systematics of Squamata (Reptilia) based on morphology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (310), 1-182.
28. Cruz, F. B., Fitzgerald, L. A., Espinoza, R. E. & Schulte II., J. A. (2005) The importance of phylogenetic scale in tests of Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules: lessons from a clade of South American lizards. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 18, 1559-1574.
29. de Queiroz, K. & Gauthier, J. (1992) Phylogenetic taxonomy. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 23, 449-480.
30. de Queiroz, K. & Good, D. A. (1997) Phenetic clustering in biology: a critique. Quarterly Review of Biology, 72, 3-30.
31. Donoso-Barros, R. (1961) The Reptiles of the Lund University Chile Expedition. Copeia, 1961, 486-488.
32. Donoso-Barros, R. (1966) Reptiles de Chile. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
33. Donoso-Barros, R. (1970) Catálogo herpetológico Chileno. Boletín del Museo Nacional de la Historia Natural (Santiago, Chile), 31, 49-124.
34. Duméril, A. M. C. & Bibron, G. (1837) Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Ed. Roret, Paris 4: ii+571 pp.
35. Espinoza, R. E. & Lobo, F. (2003) Two new species of Liolaemus lizards from northwestern Argentina: speciation within the northern subclade of the elongatus group (Iguania: Liolaemidae). Herpetologica, 59, 89-105.
36. Espinoza, R. E., Lobo, F. & Cruz, F. B. (2000) Liolaemus heliodermis, a new lizard from northwestern Argentina with remarks on the content of the elongatus group (Iguania: Tropiduridae). Herpetologica, 56, 235-244.
37. Espinoza, R. E., Lobo, F. & Etheridge, R. (in review) Taxonomic history of the iguanian lizard Liolaemus pictus major Boulenger with a revalidation of Liolaemus capillitas Hulse.
38. Espinoza, R. E., Wiens, J. J. & Tracy, C. R. (2004) Recurrent evolution of herbivory in small, cold-climate lizards: breaking the ecophysiological rules of reptilian herbivory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 101, 16819-16824.
39. Etheridge, R. (1993) Lizards of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Iguania: Tropiduridae) in northern Argentina. Bolletino Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 11, 137-199.
40. Etheridge, R. (1995) Redescription of Ctenoblepharys adspersa Tschudi 1845, and the taxonomy of the Liolaeminae (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae). American Museum Novitates, (3142), 1-34.
41. Etheridge, R. (1998) Redescription and status of Liolaemus hatcheri Stejneger, 1909 (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae). Cuadernos de Herpetología, 12, 31-36.
42. Etheridge, R. (2000) A review of the lizards of the Liolaemus wiegmannii group (Squamata, Iguania, Tropiduridae), and a history of morphological change in the sand-dwelling species. Herpetological Monographs, 14, 293-352.
43. Etheridge, R. E. & Christie, M. I. (2003) Two new species of the lizard genus Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from northern Patagonia, with comments on Liolaemus rothi. Journal of Herpetology, 37, 325-341.
44. Etheridge, R. & Espinoza, R. E. (2000) Taxonomy of the Liolaeminae (Squamata: Iguania: Tropiduridae) and a semiannotated bibliography. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, (126), 1-64.
45. Etheridge, R. & Savage, J. M. (2003) Case 3225: Phymaturus Gravenhorst, 1837 and Lacerta palluma Molina, 1782 (currently Phymaturus palluma: Reptilia, Sauria): proposed conservation of usage of the names by designation of a neotype for Lacerta palluma Molina, 1782. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 60, 38-41.
46. Etheridge, R. & Savage, J. M. (2006) Stability restored to the name Phymaturus palluma: a response to Cei and Scolaro (2006). Herpetological Review, 37, 406-407.
47. Farris, J. S. (1979) The information content of the phylogenetic system. Systematic Zoology, 28, 483-519.
48. Frost, D. R. & Etheridge, R. (1989) A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of iguanian lizards (Reptilia: Squamata). Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, (81), 1-65.
49. Frost, D. R. & Hillis, D. M. (1990) Species in concept and practice: herpetological applications. Herpetologica, 46, 87-104.
50. Frost, D. R., Etheridge, R., Janies, D. & Titus, T. A. (2001) Total evidence, sequence alignment, evolution of polychrotid lizards, and a reclassification of the Iguania (Squamata: Iguania). American Museum Novitates, (3343), 1-38.
51. Girard, C. (1858) Descriptions of some new reptiles collected by the U. S. Exploring Expedition, under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U. S. N., Fourth part. - Including the species of Saurians, exotic to North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 9, 195-199.
52. Halloy, M., Grosse, C. & Laurent, R. F. (1991) Liolaemus andinus (Iguanidae) des deux côtés des Andes. Revue Française Aquariologie, 18, 61-64.
53. Hellmich, W. (1934) Die Eidechsen Chiles, insbesondere die Gattung Liolaemus. Nach den Sammlungen Goetsch-Hellmich. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (N. F.), (24), 1-140.
54. Hellmich, W. (1950) Die Eidechsen der Ausbeute Schröder (Gattung Liolaemus, Iguan.) (Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna Chiles XIII). Veröffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatsammlung (München), 1, 129-194.
55. Hellmich, W. (1951) On ecotypic and autotypic characters, a contribution to the knowledge of the evolution of the genus Liolaemus (Iguanidae). Evolution, 5, 359-369.
56. Hellmich, W. (1952a) Ensayo de una clave para las especies chilenas del género Liolaemus. Investigaciones Zoológicas Chilenas, 1, 10-14.
57. Hellmich, W. (1952b) Contribución al conocimiento de la sistemática y evolución del género Liolaemus. Investigaciones Zoológicas Chilenas, 1, 7-15.
58. Hillis, D. M. (1998) Taxonomic sampling, phylogenetic accuracy, and investigator bias. Systematic Biology, 47, 3-8.
59. Hulse, A. C. (1979) A new Liolaemus (Sauria, Iguanidae) from the high Andes of Argentina, with ecological comments. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 48, 203-209.
60. International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature. (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. International Trust of Zoological Nomenclature, London. xxix + 306 pp.
61. International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature. (2005a) Opinion 2103 (Case 3219). Vilcunia periglacialis Cei and Scolaro, 1982 (currently Liolaemus periglacialis; Reptilia, Sauria): not given priority over Liolaemus hatcheri Stejneger, 1909. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 62, 53-54.
62. International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature. (2005b) Opinion 2118 (Case 3225). Phymaturus Gravenhorst, 1837 and Lacerta palluma Molina, 1782 (currently Phymaturus palluma; Reptilia, Sauria): usage of the names conserved by the designation of a neotype for Lacerta palluma Molina 1782. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 62, 117.
63. Knapp, C. R. & Gomez-Zlatar, P. (2006) Iguanidae or Iguaninae? A taxonomic summary and literature-use analysis. Herpetological Review, 37, 29-34.
64. Koslowsky, J. (1895) Batracios y reptiles de La Rioja y Catamarca (República Argentina) recogidos durante los meses de Febrero a Mayo de 1895 (expedición del Director del Museo). Revista del Museo de La Plata, 6, 357-370.
65. Koslowsky, J. (1898) Enumeración sistemática y distribución de los reptiles Argentinos. Revista Museo La Plata, 8, 161-200.
66. Laurent, R. F. (1982) Las especies y "variedades" de Liolaemus descritas por J. Koslowsky (Sauria Iguanidae). Neotropica, 28, 87-96.
67. Laurent, R. F. (1983) Contribución al conocimiento de la estructura taxonómica del género Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae). Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina, 1, 15-18.
68. Laurent, R. F. (1984) On some iguanid genera related to or previously confused with Liolaemus Wiegmann. Journal of Herpetology, 18, 357-373.
69. Laurent, R. F. (1985a) Segunda contribución al conocimiento de la estructura taxonómica del género Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae). Cuadernos de Herpetología, 1, 1-37.
70. Laurent, R. F. (1985b) Las especies septentrionales del género Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae). Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina, 1, 7.
71. Laurent, R. F. (1986) Descripciones de nuevos Iguanidae del género Liolaemus. Acta Zoológica Lilloana, 38, 85-105.
72. Laurent, R. F. (1992) On some overlooked species of the genus Liolaemus Wiegmann (Reptilia Tropidurinae) from Peru. Breviora, (494), 1-33.
73. Laurent, R. F. (1995) A tentative arrangement of subgenera of the genus Liolaemus Wiegmann (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society, 31, 10-14.
74. Lee, M. S. Y. (2004) The molecularization of taxonomy. Invertebrate Systematics 18, 1-6.
75. Lobo, F. (2001) A phylogenetic analysis of lizards of the Liolaemus chiliensis group (Iguania: Tropiduridae). Herpetological Journal, 11, 137-150.
76. Lobo, F. (2005) Las relaciones filogenéticas dentro del grupo chiliensis (Iguania: Liolaemidae: Liolaemus): sumando nuevos caracteres y taxones. Acta Zoológica Lilloana, 49, 67-89.
77. Lobo, F. & Abdala, C. (2001) Variación morfológica en el esqueleto de Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae). Búsqueda y descripción de caracteres. Cuadernos de Herpetología, 15, 119-135.
78. Lobo, F. & Abdala, C. (2002) La información cladística de un set de datos morfológicos en lagartos del género Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae). Cuadernos de Herpetología, 16, 137-150.
79. Lobo, F. & Espinoza, R. E. (1999) Two new cryptic species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Tropiduridae) from northwestern Argentina: resolution of the purported reproductive bimodality of Liolaemus alticolor. Copeia, 1999, 122-140.
80. Lobo, F. & Espinoza, R. E. (2004) Two new Liolaemus from the Puna region of Argentina and Chile: further resolution of purported reproductive bimodality in Liolaemus alticolor (Iguania: Liolaemidae). Copeia, 2004, 850-866.
81. Lobo, F. & Quinteros, S. (2005) A morphological approach on the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Phymaturus (Iguania: Liolaemidae). The description of four new species of Argentina. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 45, 143-177.
82. Marx, H. (1960) A new iguanid lizard of the genus Ctenoblepharis [sic]. Fieldiana Zoology, 39, 407-409.
83. Morando, M. (2004) Sistemática y filogenia de grupos de especies de los géneros Phymaturus y Liolaemus (Squamata: Tropiduridae: Liolaeminae). Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina. 246 pp.
84. Morando, M., Avila, L. J. & Sites, Jr., J. W. (2003) Sampling strategies for delimiting species: genes, individuals, and populations in the Liolaemus elongatus-kriegi complex (Squamata: Liolaemidae) in Andean-Patagonian South America. Systematic Biology, 52, 159-185.
85. Morando, M., Avila L. J., Baker, J. & Sites, Jr., J. W. (2004) Phylogeny and phylogeography of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Liolaemidae): Evidence for introgression and incomplete lineage sorting. Evolution, 58, 842-861.
86. Morando, M., Avila, L. J., Turner, C. R. & Sites, Jr., J. W. (2007) Molecular evidence for a complex in the patagonian lizard Liolaemus bibronii, and phylogeography of the closely related Liolaemus gracilis (Squamata: Liolaemini). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 952-973.
87. Morrone, J. J. (1996) The biogeographical Andean subregions: a proposal exemplified by arthropod taxa (Arachnida, Crustacea and Hexapoda). Neotropica, 42, 107-108.
88. Mulcahy, D. G. (2008) Phylogeography and species boundaries of the western North American nightsnake (Hypsiglena torquata): revisiting the subspecies concept. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46, 1095-1115.
89. Müller, L. & Hellmich, W. (1932) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna Chiles. II. Neue Liolaemus Arten und Rassen aus den Hoch-Anden Chiles. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 97, 307-329.
90. Núñez, H. (2004) Cambios taxonómicos para la herpetofauna de Argentina, Bolivia y Chile. Noticiario Mensual, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago de Chile, 353, 28-34.
91. Núñez, H. & Jaksic, F. M. (1992) Lista comentada de los reptiles terrestres de Chile continental. Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile, 43, 63-91.
92. Núñez, H., Navarro, J., Garín, C., Pincheira-Donoso, D. & Meriggio, V. (2003) Phrynosaura manueli y Phrynosaura torresi, nuevas especies de lagartijas para el norte de Chile (Squamata: Sauria). Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 52, 67-88.
93. O'Grady, S. P., Morando, M., Avila, L. & Dearing, M. D. (2005) Correlating diet and digestive tract specialization: Examples from the lizard family Liolaemidae. Zoology, 108, 201-210.
94. Omland, K. E., Cook, L. G. & Crisp, M. D. (2008) Tree thinking for all biology: the problem with reading phylogenies as ladders of progress. BioEssays, 30, 854-867.
95. Ortiz, J. C. (1981) Révision taxinomique et biologie des Liolaemus du groupe nigromaculatus (Squamata-Iguanidae). Thèse de Doctorat d'état (Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation), Sciences Naturelle, Université Paris VII, Paris, France.
96. Pellegrin, J. (1909) Description de cinqe lézards nouveaux des hauts plateaux du Pérou et de la Bolivie, appartenant au genre Liolaemus. Bulletin du Muséum d'Historie Naturelle de Paris, 11, 324-329.
97. Pimentel, R. A. & Riggins, R. (1987) The nature of cladistic data. Cladistics, 3, 201-209.
98. Pincheira-Donoso, D. (2003) Revisión de las especies del género Liolaemus Wiegmann, 1834 de Chile (Iguania: Tropiduridae: Liolaeminae). Tesis, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográphicas, Universidad Nacional de Concepción, Chile. 424 pp.
99. Pincheira-Donoso, D. (2004a) Una nueva especie del genero Phymaturus (Iguania: Tropiduridae: Liolaemini) del centrosur de Chile. Multequina, 13, 57-70.
100. Pincheira-Donoso, D. (2004b) Relaciones sistemáticas de Liolaemus fuscus Boulenger y Liolaemus lemniscatus Gravenhorst con las especies de Liolaemus del grupo bibronii (Iguania, Tropiduridae, Liolaeminae). Noticiario Mensual, 353, 10-15.
101. Pincheira-Donoso, D. & Núñez, H. (2005) Las especies Chilenas del género Liolaemus Wiegmann, 1834 (Iguania: Tropiduridae: Liolaeminae). Taxonomía, sistemática y evolución. Publicación Ocasional del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 59, 7-486.
102. Pincheira-Donoso, D., Scolaro, J. A. & Schulte, II, J. A. (2007) The limits of polymorphism in Liolaemus rothi: molecular and phenotypic evidence for a new species of the Liolaemus boulengeri clade (Iguanidae, Liolaemini) from boreal Patagonia of Chile. Zootaxa, 1452, 25-42.
103. Pincheira-Donoso, D., Scolaro, J. A. & Sura, P. (2008) A monographic catalogue on the systematics and phylogeny of the South American iguanian lizard family Liolaemidae (Squamata, Iguania). Zootaxa, 1800, 1-85.
104. Pleijel, F. (1995) On character coding for phylogeny reconstruction. Cladistics, 11, 309-315.
105. Quinteros, A. S. & Lobo, F. (2009) The iguanian lizard Liolaemus barbarae Pincheira-Donoso and Núñez is a junior synonym of Liolaemus puna Lobo and Espinoza. Journal of Herpetology, 43, 336-339.
106. Quinteros, A. S., Abdala, C. S. & Lobo, F. J. (2008a) Redescription of Liolaemus dorbignyi, Koslowsky, 1898 and description of a new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae). Zootaxa, 1717, 51-67.
107. Quinteros, A. S., Abdala, C. S., Díaz Gómez, J. M. & Scrocchi, G. J. (2008b) Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) of central west Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology, 3, 101-111.
108. Roig Juñent, S. (1994) Historia biogeográfica de América del Sur. Multequina, 3, 167-203.
109. Schulte, II, J. A., Macey, J. R., Espinoza, R. E. & Larson, A. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance and dispersal. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 69, 75-102.
110. Schulte, II, J. A., Valladares, J. P. & Larson, A. (2003) Phylogenetic relationships within Iguanidae inferred using molecular and morphological data and a phylogenetic taxonomy of iguanian lizards. Herpetologica, 59, 399-419.
111. Scolaro, J. A. & Cei, J. M. (1997) Systematic status and relationships of Liolaemus species of the archeforus and kingii groups: a morphological and taxonumerical approach (Reptilia: Tropiduridae). Bolletino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 15, 369-406.
112. Scolaro, J. A. & Cei, J. M. (2002) Vilcunia periglacialis Cei & Scolaro, 1982 (currently Liolaemus periglacialis; Reptilia, Sauria): proposed precedence over Liolaemus hatcheri Stejneger, 1909. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 59, 275-277.
113. Scolaro, J. & Cei, J. M. (2003) Una excepcional nueva especie de Phymaturus de la precordillera de Chubut, Argentina (Liolaemidae, Iguania, Lacertilia, Reptilia). Facena, 19, 107-112.
114. Scolaro, J. A. & Ibargüengoytia, N. R. (2007) A new species of Phymaturus from rocky outcrops in the central steppe of Rio Negro province, Patagonia Argentina (Reptilia: Iguania: Liolaemidae). Zootaxa, 1524, 47-55.
115. Scolaro, J. A. & Tappari, O. F. (2009) Una nueva especie del género Phymaturus del "grupo patagonicus" en los afloramientos rocosos del sudoeste de la provincia de Río Negro, Patagonia Argentina (Reptilia: Iguania: Liolaemidae). Naturalia Patagónica, 4, 81-94.
116. Scolaro, J. A., Cei, J. M. & Arias de Reyna, L. (1985) La identidad de las especies del grupo Liolaemus fitzingeri-melanops por medio del análisis discriminante de caracteres morfológicos (Sauria: Iguanidae). Historia Natural (Corrientes, Argentina), 5, 13-22.
117. Scotland, R. W., Olmstead, R. G. & Bennett, J. R. (2003) Phylogeny reconstruction: the role of morphology. Systematic Biology, 52, 539-548.
118. Smith, N. D. & Turner, A. H. (2005) Morphology's role in phylogeny reconstruction: perspective from paleontology. Systematic Biology, 54, 166-173.
119. Stejneger, L. (1909) Batrachians and reptiles, Part II. Pp. 211-224, in: W. B. Scott (ed.), 1905-1911: Reports of the Princeton University expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899. 3 (1) Zoölogy, Princeton University, xiii+374 pp.
120. Strong, E. E. & Lipscomb, D. (1999) Character coding and inapplicable data. Cladistics, 15, 363-371.
121. Thiele, K. (1993) The biological grail of the perfect character: the cladistic treatment of morphometric data. Cladistics, 9, 275-304.
122. Torres Pérez, F., Méndez, M. A., Benavídez, E. Moreno, R. A., Lamborot, M., Palma, R. E. & Ortiz, J. C. (2009) Systematics and evolutionary relationships of the mountain lizard Liolaemus monticola (Liolaemini): how morphological and molecular evidence contributes to reveal hidden species diversity. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 96, 635-650.
123. Townsend, T. M., Larson, A., Louis, E. & Macey, J. R. (2004) Molecular phylogenetics of Squamata: the position of snakes, amphisbaenians, and dibamids, and the root of the squamate tree. Systematic Biology, 53, 735-757.
124. Troyer, K. (1988) Morphological specializations for herbivory in small lizards: the genus Liolaemus. American Zoologist, 28, 197A.
125. Valladares, J. P. (2004) Nueva especie de lagarto del género Liolaemus (Reptilia: Liolaemidae) del norte de Chile, previamente confundido con Liolaemus (=Phrynosaura) reichei. Cuadernos de Herpetología, 18, 41-51.
126. Valladares, J. P., Etheridge, R., Schulte, II, J. A., Manriquez, G. & Spotorno, A. (2002) Nueva especie de lagartija del norte de Chile, Liolaemus molinai (Reptilia: Liolaeminae). Revista Chilena de la Historia Natural, 75, 473-489.
127. Veloso, A. & Navarro, J. (1988) Lista sistemática y distribución geográfica de anfibios y reptiles de Chile. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, 6, 481-539.
128. Vidal, N. & Hedges, S. B. (2009) The molecular evolutionary tree of lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 332, 129-139.
129. Videla, F. & Cei, J. M. (1996) A new peculiar Liolaemus species of the "chiliensis" phyletic group from the volcanic Cordilleran landscapes of southern Mendoza Province, Argentina (Iguania, Lacertilia, Reptilia). Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, 14, 505-516.
130. Wiegmann, A. F. A. (1834) Beiträge zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde von F. J. F. Meyen. Siebente Abhandlung. Amphibien. - Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosum, Halle, 17, 183-268.
131. Wiens, J. J. (1995) Polymorphic characters in phylogenetic systematics. Systematic Biology, 44, 482-500.
132. Wiens, J. J. (1998) Testing phylogenetic methods with tree-congruence: phylogenetic analysis of polymorphic morphological characters in phrynosomatid lizards. Systematic Biology, 47, 411-428.
133. Wiens, J. J. (2000) Phylogenetics analysis of morphological data. Smithsonian Insitute Press, Washington, DC.
134. Wiens, J. J. (2001) Character analysis in morphological phylogenetics: problems and solutions. Systematic Biology, 50, 689-699.
135. Wiens, J. J. (2004) The role of morphological data in phylogeny reconstruction. Systematic Biology, 53, 653-661.
136. Young-Downey, A. R. (1998) Phylogenetic studies on Liolaemus (Sauria: Tropiduridae): an interpretation based on molecular data and a biochemical test of a biogeographic hypothesis. Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida. 85 pp.