A practical approach to the metabolic syndrome: Review of current concepts and management

Current Opinion in Cardiology

Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 502-512

  Tota Maharaj, Rajesh ^a,b   Defilippis, Andrew P ^a   Blumenthal, Roger S ^a   Blaha, Michael J ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b GREATER BALTIMORE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

ABCDE approach; diabetes mellitus; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome

Indexed keywords

2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; ACARBOSE; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; AMLODIPINE; ATENOLOL; BENAZEPRIL; BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL; COLESEVELAM; EZETIMIBE; FENOFIBRATE; FLUINDOSTATIN; INCRETIN; METFORMIN; MIPOMERSEN; NATEGLINIDE; NICOTINIC ACID; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; PERINDOPRIL; RAMIPRIL; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; TELMISARTAN; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT; VALSARTAN; VOGLIBOSE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR;

ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLOOD PRESSURE; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIETARY INTAKE; DYSLIPIDEMIA; EXERCISE; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION;

ASPIRIN; DIABETES MELLITUS; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; METABOLIC SYNDROME X;

EID: 77955467470     PISSN: 02684705     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/HCO.0b013e32833cd474     Document Type: Review

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93. Rumawas ME, Meigs JB, Dwyer JT, et al. Mediterranean-style dietary pattern, reduced risk of metabolic syndrome traits, and incidence in the Framingham Offspring Cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90:1608-1614.This study adds to burgeoning evidence that the Mediterranean diet is vital to the treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
94. Aizawa K, Shoemaker JK, Overend TJ, Petrella RJ. Effects of lifestyle modification on central artery stiffness in metabolic syndrome subjects with prehypertension and/or prediabetes. Diab Res Clin Pract 2009; 83:249-256.
95. DeLorgeril M, Salen P, Martin J, et al.Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: Final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation 1999; 99:779-785.
96. Cho ER, Shin A, Kim J, et al. Leisure-time physical activity is associated with a reduced risk for metabolic syndrome. Ann Epidemiol 2009; 19:784-792.
97. Méndez-Hernández P, Flores Y, Siani C, et al. Physical activity and risk of metabolic syndrome in an urban Mexican cohort. BMC Public Health 2009; 9:276.
98. Vaughan C, Schoo A, Janus ED, et al. The association of levels of physical activity with metabolic syndrome in rural Australian Adults. BMC Public Health 2009; 9:273.
99. Wijndaele K, Duvigneaud N, Matton L, et al. Sedentary behaviour, physical activity and a continuous metabolic syndrome risk score in Adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009; 63:421-429.Most studies examining the effect of exercise on the metabolic syndrome determine the risk based on the extent of physical activity, whereas this trial aims to compute the level of sedentary activity.
100. Trøseid M, Lappegård KT, Mollnes TE, et al. The effect of exercise on serum levels of interleukin-18 and components of the metabolic syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2009; 7:579-584.This study elaborates on the protective effect of exercise in the metabolic syndrome by virtue of its effect on subclinical inflammation.
101. Yu Z, Ye X, Wang J, et al. Associations of physical activity with inflammatory factors, adipocytokines, and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older Chinese people. Circulation 2009; 119:2969-2977.This trial adds to the evidence supporting exercise as a definite treatment option of patients with the metabolic syndrome, presumably because reductions in abdominal fat lead to decreased production of adipocytokines and less inflammation.
102. Cicero AF, Derosa G, Bove M, et al. Effect of a sequential training programme on inflammatory, prothrombotic and vascular remodelling biomarkers in hypertensive overweight patients with or without metabolic syndrome. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2009; 16:698-704.
103. Metzger JS, Catellier DJ, Evenson KR, et al. Associations between patterns of objectively measured physical activity and risk factors for the metabolic syndrome. Am J Health Promot 2010; 24:161-169.
104. Tjønna AE, Lee SJ, Rognmo O, et al. Aerobic interval training versus continuous moderate exercise as a treatment for the metabolic syndrome.A pilot study. Circulation 2008; 118:346-354.
105. He Y, Lam TH, Jiang B, et al. Combined effects of tobacco smoke exposure and metabolic syndrome on cardiovascular risk in older residents of China.J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53:363-371.