History of the dual process theory of reasoning

Psychology of Reasoning: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 241-266

  Evans, Jonathan St B T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955310157     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203506936     Document Type: Chapter

References (96)

1. Anderson, J. R. (1990). The adaptive character of thought. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
2. Anderson, J. R. (1991). Is human cognition adaptive? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 14, 471-517.
3. Ball, L. J., Lucas, E. J., Miles, J. N. V., & Gale, A. G. (2003). Inspection times and the selection task: What do eye-movements reveal about relevance effects. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 56A, 1053-1077.
4. Berry, D. C., & Dienes, Z. (1993). Implicit learning. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd.
5. Bolton, N. (1972). The psychology of thinking. London: Methuen.
6. Braine, M. D. S., & O'Brien, D. P. (Eds.). (1998). Mental logic. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
7. Cohen, L. J. (1981). Can human irrationality be experimentally demonstrated? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 4, 317-370.
8. Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (1996). Are humans good intuitive statisticians after all? Rethinking some conclusions from the literature on judgment under uncertainty. Cognition, 58, 1-73.
9. Ericsson, K. A., & Simon, H. A. (1980). Verbal reports as data. Psychological Review, 87, 215-251.
10. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1972a). Interpretation and matching bias in a reasoning task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 24, 193-199.
11. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1972b). Reasoning with negatives. British Journal of Psychology, 63, 213-219.
12. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1977a). Linguistic factors in reasoning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 29, 297-306.
13. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1977b). Toward a statistical theory of reasoning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 29, 297-306.
14. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1980). Thinking: Experiential and information processing approaches. In G. Claxton (Ed.), Cognitive psychology: New directions (pp. 275-299). London: Routledge.
15. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1982). The psychology of deductive reasoning. London:Routledge.
16. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1983). Linguistic determinants of bias in conditional reasoning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 35A, 635-644.
17. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1984a). Heuristic and analytic processes in reasoning. British Journal of Psychology, 75, 451-468.
18. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1984b). In defense of the citation bias in the judgment literature. American Psychologist, 39, 1500-1501.
19. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1989). Bias in human reasoning: Causes and consequences. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd.
20. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1991). Adaptive cognition: The question is how. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 14, 403-404.
21. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1993a). Bias and rationality. In K. I. Manketelow & D. E. Over (Eds.), Rationality: Psychological and philosophical perspectives (pp. 6-30). London:Routledge.
22. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1993b). On the relation between cognitive psychology and social cognition. In J. P. P. M. F. Caverni (Ed.), Studies on the self and social cognition. Singapore: World Scientific.
23. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1993c). The mental model theory of conditional reasoning: Critical appraisal and revision. Cognition, 48, 1-20.
24. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1995a). Implicit learning, consciousness and the psychology of thinking. Thinking and Reasoning, 1, 105-118.
25. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1995b). Relevance and reasoning. In S. E. Newstead & J. St. B. T. Evans (Eds.), Perspectives on thinking and reasoning (pp. 147-172). Hove, UK:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd.
26. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1996). Deciding before you think: Relevance and reasoning in the selection task. British Journal of Psychology, 87, 223-240.
27. Evans, J. St. B. T. (1998). Matching bias in conditional reasoning: Do we understand it after 25 years? Thinking and Reasoning, 4, 45-82.
28. Evans, J. St. B. T. (2000). What could and could not be a strategy in reasoning. In W. Schaeken, G. DeVooght, & A. d. G. Vandierendonck (Eds.), Deductive reasoning and strategies (pp. 1-22). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
29. Evans, J. St. B. T. (2002). Logic and human reasoning: An assessment of the deduction paradigm. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 978-996.
30. Evans, J. St. B. T. (2003). In two minds: Dual process accounts of reasoning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 454-459.
31. Evans, J. St. B. T., Allen, J. L., Newstead, S. E., & Pollard, P. (1994). Debiasing by instruction: The case of belief bias. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 6, 263-285.
32. Evans, J. St. B. T., Barston, J. L., & Pollard, P. (1983). On the conflict between logic and belief in syllogistic reasoning. Memory and Cognition, 11, 295-306.
33. Evans, J. St. B. T., Clibbens, J., & Rood, B. (1995). Bias in conditional inference:Implications for mental models and mental logic. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48A, 644-670.
34. Evans, J. St. B. T., Clibbens, J., & Rood, B. (1996). The role of implicit and explicit negation in conditional reasoning bias. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 392-409.
35. Evans, J. St. B. T., & Handley, S. J. (1999). The role of negation in conditional inference. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 52A, 739-769.
36. Evans, J. St. B. T., Handley, S. H., & Over, D. E. (2003). Conditionals and conditional probability. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 29, 321-355.
37. Evans, J. St. B. T., Handley, S. H., Perham, N., Over, D. E., & Thompson, V. A. (2000). Frequency versus probability formats in statistical word problems. Cognition, 77, 197-213.
38. Evans, J. St. B. T., & Lynch, J. S. (1973). Matching bias in the selection task. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 391-397.
39. Evans, J. St. B. T., Newstead, S. E., & Byrne, R. M. J. (1993). Human reasoning: The psychology of deduction. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd.
40. Evans, J. St. B. T., & Over, D. E. (1996a). Rationality and reasoning. Hove, UK:Psychology Press.
41. Evans, J. St. B. T., & Over, D. E. (1996b). Rationality in the selection task: Epistemic utility versus uncertainty reduction. Psychological Review, 103, 356-363.
42. Evans, J. St. B. T., & Over, D. E. (1997). Rationality in reasoning: The case of deductive competence. Current Psychology of Cognition, 16, 3-38.
43. Evans, J. St. B. T., Over, D. E., & Handley, S. H. (2003a). A theory of hypothetical thinking. In D. Hardman & L. Maachi (Eds.), Thinking: Psychological perspectives on reasoning, judgement and decision making (p. 3-21). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
44. Evans, J. St. B. T., Over, D. E., & Handley, S. H. (2003b). Rethinking the model theory of conditionals. In W. Schaeken, A. Vandierendonck, W. Schroyens, & G. d'Ydewalle (Eds.), The mental model theory of reasoning: Refinements and extensions. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
45. Evans, J. St. B. T., Over, D. E., & Manktelow, K. I. (1993). Reasoning, decision making and rationality. Cognition, 49, 165-187.
46. Evans, J. St. B. T., & Wason, P. C. (1976). Rationalisation in a reasoning task. British Journal of Psychology, 63, 205-212.
47. Galton, F. (1879). Psychometric experiments. Brain, 2, 148-162.
48. Galton, F. (1893). Inquiries into human faculty and its development. London:Macmillan.
49. Garcia-Madruga, J., Carriedo, N., & Conzales-Labra, J. (Eds.). (2000). Mental models in reasoning. Madrid: Universidad Nacional ed Education a Distanca.
50. George, C. (1995). The endorsement of the premises: Assumption based or beliefbased reasoning. British Journal of Psychology, 86, 93-111.
51. Gigerenzer, G. (1993). The bounded rationality of probabilistic mental models. In K. I. Manktelow & D. E. Over (Eds.), Rationality: Psychological and philosophical perspectives (pp. 284-313). London: Routledge.
52. Gigerenzer, G., & Hoffrage, U. (1995). How to improve Bayesian reasoning without instruction: Frequency formats. Psychological Review, 102, 684-704.
53. Girotto, V., & Gonzales, M. (2001). Solving probabilistic and statistical problems:A matter of information structure and question form. Cognition, 78, 247-276.
54. Goel, V., Buchel, C., Rith, C., & Olan, J. (2000). Dissociation of mechanisms underlying syllogistic reasoning. NeuroImage, 12, 504-514.
55. Goel, V., & Dolan, R. J. (2003). Explaining modulation of reasoning by belief. Cognition, 87, B11-B22.
56. Goodwin, R. Q., & Wason, P. C. (1972). Degrees of insight. British Journal of Psychology, 63, 205-212.
57. Henle, M. (1962). On the relation between logic and thinking. Psychological Review, 69, 366-378.
58. Houde, O., Zago, L., Crivello, F., Moutier, S., Pineau, A., Mazoyer, B. et al. (2001). Access to deductive logic depends upon a right ventromedial prefrontal area devoted to emotion and feeling: Evidence from a training paradigm. NeuroImage, 14, 1486-1492.
59. Houde, O., Zago, L., Mellet, E., Moutier, S., Pineau, A. et al. (2000). Shifting from the perceptual brain to the logical brain: The neural impact of cognitive inhibition training. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12, 721-728.
60. Inhelder, B., & Piaget, J. (1958). The growth of logical thinking. New York: Basic Books.
61. Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983). Mental models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
62. Johnson-Laird, P. N., & Byrne, R. M. J. (1991). Deduction. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate Ltd.
63. Johnson-Laird, P. N., & Byrne, R. M. J. (2002). Conditionals: A theory of meaning, pragmatics and inference. Psychological Review, 109, 646-678.
64. Johnson-Laird, P. N., & Tagart, J. (1969). How implication is understood. American Journal of Psychology, 2, 367-373.
65. Johnson-Laird, P. N., & Wason, P. C. (1970). A theoretical analysis of insight into a reasoning task. Cognitive Psychology, 1, 134-148.
66. Krauth, J. (1982). Formulation and experimental verification of models in propositional reasoning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 34A, 285-298.
67. Kyllonen, P., & Christal, R. E. (1990). Reasoning ability is (little more than) working memory capacity!? Intelligence, 14, 389-433.
68. Legrenzi, P., Girotto, V., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1993). Focusing in reasoning and decision making. Cognition, 49, 37-66.
69. Mandler, J. M., & Mandler, G. (1964). Thinking: From association to Gestalt. New York: Wiley.
70. Manktelow, K. I., & Over, D. E. (1991). Social roles and utilities in reasoning with deontic conditionals. Cognition, 39, 85-105.
71. Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. New York: Appleton.
72. Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84, 231-295.
73. Oakhill, J., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1985). The effects of belief on the spontaneous production of syllogistic conclusions. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 37A, 553-569.
74. Oakhill, J., Johnson-Laird, P. N., & Garnham, A. (1989). Believability and syllogistic reasoning. Cognition, 31, 117-140.
75. Oaksford, M., & Stenning, K. (1992). Reasoning with conditional containing negated constituents. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 18, 835-854.
76. Over, D. E., & Evans, J. St. B. T. (2000). Rational distinctions and adaptations. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, 693-694.
77. Radford, J., & Burton, A. (1974). Thinking: Its nature and development. Letchworth, UK: Wiley.
78. Real, L. A. (1991). Animal choice behaviour and the evolution of cognitive architecture. Science, 253, 980-979.
79. Reber, A. S. (1993). Implicit learning and tacit knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
80. Rips, L. J. (1994). The psychology of proof. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
81. Roberge, J. J. (1971). Some effects of negation on adults' conditional reasoning abilities. Psychological Reports, 29, 839-844.
82. Roberge, J. J. (1974). Effects of negation on adults' comprehension of fallacious conditional and disjunctive arguments. Journal of General Psychology, 91, 287-293.
83. Roberts, M. J. (1998). Inspection times and the selection task: Are they relevant? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51A, 781-810.
84. Roberts, M. J., & Newton, E. J. (2002). Inspection times, the change task, and the rapid-response selection task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54A, 1031-1048.
85. Ryle, G. (1949). The concept of mind. London: Hutchinson.
86. Schaeken, W., DeVooght, G., Vandierendonck, A., & d'Ydewalle, G. (2000). Deductive reasoning and strategies. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
87. Sloman, S. A. (1996). The empirical case for two systems of reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 3-22.
88. Smedslund, J. (1970). Circular relation between understanding and logic. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 11, 217-219.
89. Stanovich, K. E. (1999). Who is rational? Studies of individual differences in reasoning. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
90. Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (2000). Individual differences in reasoning: Implications for the rationality debate. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, 645-726.
91. Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (2003). Evolutionary versus instrumental goals:How evolutionary psychology misconceives human rationality. In D. E. Over (Ed.), Evolution and the psychology of thinking (pp. 171-230). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
92. Stevenson, R. J., & Over, D. E. (1995). Deduction from uncertain premises. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48A, 613-643.
93. Wason, P. C. (1966). Reasonin. In B. M. Foss (Ed.), New Horizons in Psychology I (pp. 106-137). Harmandsworth: Penguin
94. Wason, P. C., & Evans, J. St. B. T. (1975). Dual processes in reasoning? Cognition, 3, 141-154.
95. Wason, P. C., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1972). Psychology of reasoning: Structure and content. London: Batsford.
96. Wilkins, M. C. (1928). The effect of changed material on the ability to do formal syllogistic reasoning. Archives of Psychology, 16, no. 102.