Early cannabis use and estimated risk of later onset of depression spells: Epidemiologic evidence from the population-based world health organization world mental health survey initiative

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 172, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 149-159

  De Graaf, Ron ^a   Radovanovic, Mirjana ^b,c   Van Laar, Margriet ^a   Fairman, Brian ^b   Degenhardt, Louisa ^d   Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio ^e   Bruffaerts, Ronny ^f   De Girolamo, Giovanni ^g   Fayyad, John ^h   Gureje, Oye ⁱ   Haro, Josep Maria ^j   Huang, Yueqin ^k   Kostychenko, Stanislav ^l   Lépine, Jean Pierre ^m   Matschinger, Herbert ⁿ   Mora, Maria Elena Medina ^o   Neumark, Yehuda ^p   Ormel, Johan ^q   Posada Villa, Jose ^r   Stein, Dan J ^s   Tachimori, Hisateru ^t   Wells, J Elisabeth ^u   Anthony, James C ^b   more..

^a NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND ADDICTION   (Netherlands)

^b MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL   (Slovenia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS LEUVEN   (Belgium)

^g IRCCS ISTITUTO CENTRO SAN GIOVANNI DI DIO FATEBENEFRATELLI   (Italy)

^h SAINT GEORGE HOSPITAL UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Lebanon)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN   (Nigeria)

^j CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED DE SALUD MENTAL CIBERSAM   (Spain)

^k PEKING UNIVERSITY SIXTH HOSPITAL   (China)

^l Ukrainian Psychiatric Association   (Ukraine)

^m INSERM   (France)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY OF LEIPZIG   (Germany)

^o INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PSIQUIATRÍA RAMÓN DE LA FUENTE MUÑIZ   (Mexico)

^p HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

^q UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^r PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA   (Colombia)

^s UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^t NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH   (Japan)

^u UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

more..

Author keywords

cannabis; depression; mental health; world health

Indexed keywords

DRUG USER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE; HEALTH IMPACT; HEALTH RISK; HEALTH SURVEY; MENTAL HEALTH; PUBLIC HEALTH; REGRESSION ANALYSIS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CANNABIS SMOKING; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH; ONSET AGE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEX DIFFERENCE; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

CANNABIS; NICOTIANA TABACUM;

EID: 77955001872     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: 14766256     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq096     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Degenhardt L, Chiu WT, Sampson N, et al. Toward a global view of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine use: findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. PLoS Med. 2008;5(7):e141. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050141).
2. Monshouwer K, Smit F, de Graaf R, et al. First cannabis use: does onset shift to younger ages? Findings from 1988 to 2003 from the Dutch National School Survey on Substance Use. Addiction. 2005;100(7):963-970.
3. Arseneault L, Cannon M, Witton J, et al. Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;184(2):110-117. (Pubitemid 38186851)
4. Moore TH, Zammit S, Lingford-Hughes A, et al. Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes a systematic review. Lancet. 2007;370(9584):319-328.
5. Smit F, Bolier L, Cuijpers P. Cannabis use and the risk of later schizophrenia: a review. Addiction. 2004;99(4):425-430.
6. Agosti V, Nunes E, Levin F. Rates of psychiatric comorbidity among U.S. residents with lifetime cannabis dependence. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2002;28(4):643-652.
7. Rey JM, Tennant CC. Cannabis and mental health. BMJ. 2002;325(7374):1183- 1184.
8. Grant BF, Hasin DS, Stinson FS, et al. Co-occurrence of 12-month mood and anxiety disorders and personality disorders in the US: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Psychiatr Res. 2005;39(1): 1-9.
9. Chen CY, Wagner FA, Anthony JC. Marijuana use and the risk of major depressive episode. Epidemiological evidence from the United States National Comorbidity Survey. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2002;37(5):199-206.
10. Bovasso GB. Cannabis abuse as a risk factor for depressive symptoms. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158(12):2033-2037.
11. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Swain-Campbell N. Cannabis use and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence and young adulthood. Addiction. 2002;97(9):1123-1135.
12. van Laar M, van Dorsselaer S, Monshouwer K, et al. Does cannabis use predict the first incidence of mood and anxiety disorders in the adult population? Addiction. 2007;102(8): 1251-1260.
13. Poulin C, Hand D, Boudreau B, et al. Gender differences in the association between substance use and elevated depressive symptoms in a general adolescent population. Addiction. 2005;100(4):525-535.
14. Patton GC, Coffey C, Carlin JB, et al. Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study. BMJ. 2002;325(7374): 1195-1198.
15. Degenhardt L, Hall W, Lynskey M. Exploring the association between cannabis use and depression. Addiction. 2003;98(11): 1493-1504.
16. Monshouwer K, Van Dorsselaer S, Verdurmen J, et al. Cannabis use and mental health in secondary school children. Findings from a Dutch survey. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;188(2):148-153.
17. Degenhardt L, Hall W, Lynskey M. The relationship between cannabis use, depression and anxiety among Australian adults: findings from the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2001;36(5): 219-227. (Pubitemid 32694466)
18. Degenhardt L, Hall W, Lynskey M. Alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use among Australians: a comparison of their associations with other drug use and use disorders, affective and anxiety disorders, and psychosis. Addiction. 2001;96(11):1603-1614.
19. Harder VS, Morral AR, Arkes J. Marijuana use and depression among adults: testing for causal associations. Addiction. 2006; 101(10):1463-1472.
20. Brook JS, Cohen P, Brook DW. Longitudinal study of co-occurring psychiatric disorders and substance use. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998;37(3):322-330.
21. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. Early onset cannabis use and psychosocial adjustment in young adults. Addiction. 1997; 92(3):279-296.
22. Harder VS, Stuart EA, Anthony JC. Adolescent cannabis problems and young adult depression: male-female stratified propensity score analyses. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168(6):592-601.
23. Brook DW, Brook JS, Zhang C. Drug use and the risk of major depressive disorder, alcohol dependence, and substance use disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59(11):1039-1044.
24. Schneider M. Puberty as a highly vulnerable developmental period for the consequences of cannabis exposure. Addict Biol. 2008;13(2):253-263.
25. Schlesselman JJ, Stolley PD. Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1982.
26. Wells JE, Degenhardt L, Bohnert KM, et al. Geographical clustering of cannabis use: results from the New Zealand Mental Health Survey 2003-2004. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009;99(1-3):309-316.
27. Patterson GR, Reid J, Dishion T. Antisocial Boys. Eugene, OR: Castalia Press; 1992.
28. Ialongo NS, Vaden-Kieman N, Kellam S. Early peer rejection and aggression: longitudinal relations with adolescent behavior. J Dev Phys Disabil. 1998;10(2):199-213.
29. Kessler RC, Ü stün B, eds. The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2008.
30. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Chiu WT, et al. The US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R): design and field procedures. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2004;13(2):69-92.
31. Kessler RC, Ustün TB. The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2004;13(2):93-121.
32. Kessler RC, Abelson J, Demler O, et al. Clinical calibration of DSM-IV diagnoses in the World Mental Health (WMH) version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMHCIDI). Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2004;13(2):122-139.
33. Anthony JC, Petronis KR. Suspected risk factors for depression among adults 18-44 years old. Epidemiology. 1991;2(2): 123-132.
34. Lynskey MT, Glowinski AL, Todorov AA, et al. Major depressive disorder, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt in twins discordant for cannabis dependence and early-onset cannabis use. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61(10):1026-1032.
35. Pope HG Jr, Gruber AJ, Hudson JI, et al. Early-onset cannabis use and cognitive deficits: what is the nature of the association? Drug Alcohol Depend. 2003;69(3):303-310.
36. Baumeister SE, Tossmann P. Association between early onset of cigarette, alcohol and cannabis use and later drug use patterns: an analysis of a survey in European metropolises. Eur Addict Res. 2005;11(2):92-98.
37. Agrawal A, Lynskey MT, Pergadia ML, et al. Early cannabis use and DSM-IV nicotine dependence: a twin study. Addiction. 2008;103(11):1896-1904.
38. Swift W, Coffey C, Carlin JB, et al. Adolescent cannabis users at 24 years: trajectories to regular weekly use and dependence in young adulthood. Addiction. 2008;103(8):1361-1370.
39. McGee R, Williams S, Poulton R, et al. A longitudinal study of cannabis use and mental health from adolescence to early adulthood. Addiction. 2000;95(4):491-503.
40. Hall W, Degenhardt L. Adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use. Lancet. 2009;374(9698):1383-1391.
41. Johnson TP, Mott JA. The reliability of self-reported age of onset of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use. Addiction. 2001;96(8):1187-1198.
42. Henry B, Moffitt T, Caspi A, et al. On the "remembrance of things past": a longitudinal evaluation of the retrospective method. Psychol Assess. 1994;6(2):92-101.
43. Engels RC, Knibbe RA, Drop MJ. Inconsistencies in adolescents' self-reports of initiation of alcohol and tobacco use. Addict Behav. 1997;22(5):613-623.
44. Labouvie E, Bates ME, Pandina RJ. Age of first use: its reliability and predictive utility. J Stud Alcohol. 1997;58(6): 638-643.
45. Kessler RC, Little RJ, Groves RM. Advances in strategies for minimizing and adjusting for survey nonresponse. Epidemiol Rev. 1995;17(1):192-204.