Validation of symptom validity tests using a "child-model" of adult cognitive impairments

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 371-382

  Rienstra, A ^a   Spaan, P E J ^a   Schmand, B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Amsterdam Short Term Memory test; symptom validity testing; Test of Memory Malingering; validity; Word Completion Memory Test; Word Memory Test

Indexed keywords

AGE; CHILD; COGNITION DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMAN; LINGUISTICS; MALE; MALINGERING; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REPRODUCIBILITY; SHORT TERM MEMORY; STATISTICS;

AGE FACTORS; CHILD; COGNITION DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MALINGERING; MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; STATISTICS AS TOPIC; VOCABULARY;

EID: 77954825949     PISSN: 08876177     EISSN: 18735843     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acq035     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Allen, L. M., & Green, P. (1999). Severe TBI sample performance on CARB and the WMT. In P. Green, & L. M. Allen (Eds.), 1999 Supplement for the computerized assessment of response bias, Word Memory Test and Memory Complaints Inventory. Durham, NC: CogniSyst, Inc.
2. Anglin, J. M., Miller, G. A., & Wakefield, P. C. (1993). Vocabulary development: a morphological analysis. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 58, i-186.
3. Ashendorf, L., Constantinou, M., & McCaffrey, R. J. (2004). The effect of depression and anxiety on the TOMM in community-dwelling older adults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19, 125-130.
4. Baayen, R. H., Piepenbrock, R., & Gulikers, L. (1995). The CELEX lexical database (release 2) [CD-ROM]. Philadelphia: Linguistics Data Consortium (distributor).
5. Baron, I. S., Fennell, E. B., & Voeller, K. S. S. (1995). Pediatric neuropsychology in the medical setting. New York: Oxford Press.
6. Benton, A. L., & Hamsher, K. D. S. (1976). Multilingual aphasia examination. Iowa City: University of Iowa.
7. Bianchini, K. J., Mathias, C. W., & Greve, K. W. (2001). Symptom validity testing: a critical review. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 15, 19-45.
8. Blaskewitz, N., Merten, T., & Kathmann, N. (2008). Performance of children on symptom validity tests: TOMM, MSVT, and FIT. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 23, 379-391.
9. Bolan, B., Foster, J. K., Schmand, B., & Bolan, S. (2002). A comparison of three tests to detect Feigned amnesia: The effects of feedback and the measurement of response latency. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24, 154-167.
10. Brandt, K. R., Cooper, L. M., & Dewhurst, S. A. (2005). Expertise and recollective experience: Recognition memory for familiar and unfamiliar academic subjects. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 19, 1113-1125.
11. Brockhaus, R., & Merten, T. (2004). Neuropsychologische Diagnostik suboptimalen Leistungsverhaltens mit dem Word Memory Test. Der Nervenarzt, 75, 882-887.
12. Bush, S. S., Ruff, R. M., Troster, A. I., Barth, J. T., Koffler, S. P., Pliskin, N. H., et al. (2005). Symptom validity assessment: Practice issues and medical necessity: NAN Policy & Planning Committee. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 419-426.
13. Cercy, S. P., Schretlen, D. J., & Brandt, J. (1997). Simulated amnesia and the pseudo-memory phenomena. In R. Rogers (Ed.), Clinical assessment of malingering and deception. New York: Guilford Press.
14. Constantinou, M., Bauer, L., Ashendorf, L., Fisher, J. M., & McCaffrey, R. J. (2005). Is poor performance on recognition memory effort measures indicative of generalized poor performance on neuropsychological tests? Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 191-198.
15. Constantinou, M., & McCaffrey, R. J. (2003). Using the TOMM for evaluating children's effort to perform optimally on neuropsychological measures. Child Neuropsychology, 9, 81.
16. Courtney, J. C., Dinkins, J. P., Allen, L. M., III, & Kuroski, K. (2003). Age related effects in children taking the computerized assessment of response bias and word memory test. Child Neuropsychology, 9, 109-116.
17. Donders, J. (2005). Performance on the test of memory malingering in a mixed pediatric sample. Child Neuropsychology, 11, 221-227.
18. Faust, D., Hart, K., & Guilmette, T. J. (1988). Pediatric malingering: The capacity of children to fake believable deficits on neuropsychological testing. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 578-582.
19. Faust, D., Hart, K., Guilmette, T. J., & Arkes, H. R. (1988). Neuropsychologists' capacity to detect adolescent malingerers. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 19, 508-515.
20. Flaro, L., Green, P., & Allen, L. M. (2000). Symptom validity test results with children: CARB and WMT. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 15, 840.
21. Fry, A. F., & Hale, S. (1996). Processing speed, working memory, and fluid intelligence: Evidence for a developmental cascade. Psychological Science, 7, 237-241.
22. Gervais, R. O., Rohling, M. L., Green, P., & Ford,W. (2004). A comparison of WMT, CARB, and TOMM failure rates in non-head injury disability claimants. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19, 475-487.
23. Gorissen, M., Sanz, J. C., & Schmand, B. (2005). Effort and cognition in schizophrenia patients. Schizophrenia Research, 78, 199-208.
24. Green, P., Allen, L. M., & Astner, K. (1996). The Word Memory Test: A User's Guide to the Oral and Computer-Administered Forms, US Version 1.1. Durham, NC: CogniSyst, Inc.
25. Green, P., & Flaro, L. (2003). Word memory test performance in children. Child Neuropsychology, 9, 189-207.
26. Green, P., & Grant, L. G. (2001). Effects of injury severity and cognitive exaggeration on olfactory deficits in head injury compensation claims. NeuroRehabilitation, 16, 237-243.
27. Green, P., Iverson, G. L., & Allen, L. (1999). Detecting malingering in head injury litigation with the Word Memory Test. Brain Injury, 13, 813-819.
28. Haines, M. E., & Norris, M. P. (2001). Comparing student and patient simulated malingerers performance on standard neuropsychological measures to detect feigned cognitive deficits. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 15, 171-182.
29. Hall, H. V., & Pritchard, D. A. (1996). Detecting malingering and deception (pp. 3-24). Delrey Beach, FL: St. Lucie Press, Inc.
30. Hartman, D. E. (2002). The unexamined lie is a lie worth fibbing Neuropsychological malingering and the Word Memory Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 17, 709-714.
31. Hilsabeck, R. C., & LeCompte, D. C. (1997). Word Completion Memory Test (WCMT). Durham, NC: CogniSyst, Inc.
32. Hilsabeck, R. C., LeCompte, D. C., Marks, A. R., & Grafman, J. (2001). The Word Completion Memory Test (WCMT): A new test to detect malingered memory deficits. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 16, 669-678.
33. Howe, L. L. S., Anderson, A. M., Kaufman, D. A. S., Sachs, B. C., & Loring, D.W. (2007). Characterization of the medical symptom validity test in evaluation of clinically referred memory disorders clinic patients. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22, 753-761.
34. Hulme, C., Maughan, S., & Brown, G. D. A. (1991). Memory for familiar and unfamiliar words: evidence for a long-term memory contribution to short-term memory span. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 685-701.
35. Iverson, G. L., & Binder, L. M. (2000). Detecting exaggeration and malingering in neuropsychological assessment. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 15, 829-858.
36. Iverson, G., Green, P., & Gervais, R. (1999). Using the Word Memory Test to detect biased responding in head injury litigation. The Journal of Cognitive Rehabilitation, 17, 4-9.
37. Iverson, G. L., & Franzen, M. D. (1996). Using multiple objective memory procedures to detect simulated malingering. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 18, 38-51.
38. Jacoby, L. L. (1991). A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 513-541.
39. Kohnstamm, G. A., Schaerlaekens, A. M., de Vries, A. K., Akkerhuis, G.W., & Froonincksx, M. (1981). Nieuwe streeflijst woordenschat voor 6-jarigen gebaseerd op onderzoek in Nederland en Belgie. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.
40. Larrabee, G. J. (2003). Detection of malingering using atypical performance patterns on standard neuropsychological tests. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17, 410-425.
41. Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., & Loring, D. W. (2004). Neuropsychological assessment (4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
42. Lu, P. H., & Boone, K. B. (2002). Suspect cognitive symptoms in a 9-year-old child: Malingering by proxy. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 16, 90-96.
43. MacAllister, W. S., Nakhutina, L., Bender, H. A., Karantzoulis, S., & Carlson, C. (2009). Assessing effort during neuropsychological evaluation with the TOMM in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Child Neuropsychology, 15, 521-531.
44. Macciocchi, S. N., Seel, R. T., Alderson, A., & Godsall, R. (2006). Victoria Symptom Validity Test performance in acute severe traumatic brain injury: Implications for test interpretation. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 21, 395-404.
45. Mathias, C.W., Greve, K.W., Bianchini, K. J., Houston, R. J., & Crouch, J. A. (2002). Detecting malingered neurocognitive dysfunction using the reliable digit span in traumatic brain injury. Assessment, 9, 301-308.
46. Merten, T., Bossink, L., & Schmand, B. (2007). On the limits of effort testing: Symptom validity tests and severity of neurocognitive symptoms in nonlitigant patients. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 29, 308-318.
47. Merten, T., Green, P., Henry, M., Blaskewitz, N., & Brockhaus, R. (2005). Analog validation of German-language symptom validity tests and the influence of coaching. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 719-726.
48. Nagle, A. M., Everhart, D. E., Durham, T. W., McCammon, S. L., & Walker, M. (2006). Deception strategies in children: Examination of forced choice recognition and verbal learning and memory techniques. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 21, 777-785.
49. Phaf, R. H., &Wolters, G. (1991). Spontaneous completion frequencies for 168 two and three letter word stems. The Netherlands: Leiden University. Technical Report.
50. Rees, L. M., Tombaugh, T. N., Gansler, A., & Moczynski, N. P. (1998). Five validation experiments of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM). Psychological Assessment, 10, 10-20.
51. Reitan, R. M. (1992). Trail Making Test Manual for administration and scoring. Tucson, AZ: Reitan Neuropsychological Laboratory.
52. Rienstra, A., Spaan, P. E. J., & Schmand, B. (2009). Reference data for the Word Memory Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24, 255-262.
53. Romine, C. B., & Reynolds, C. R. (2005). A model of the development of frontal lobe functioning: Findings from a meta-analysis. Applied Neuropsychology, 12, 190-201.
54. Rueda, M. R., Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Halparin, J. D., Gruber, D. B., Pappert Lercari, L., et al. (2004). Development of attentional networks in childhood. Neuropsychologia, 42, 1029-1040.
55. Schagen, S., Schmand, B., de Sterke, S., & Lindeboom, J. (1997). Amsterdam Short-Term Memory Test: A new procedure for the detection of feigned memory deficits. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19, 43-51.
56. Schmand, B., & Lindeboom, J. (2004). Amsterdam Short-Term Memory Test. Leiden, The Netherlands: Pits Test Publishers.
57. Slick, D. J., Tan, J. E., Strauss, E. H., & Hultsch, D. F. (2004). Detecting malingering: A survey of experts' practices. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19, 465-473.
58. Stevens, A., Friedel, E., Mehren, G., & Merten, T. (2008). Malingering and uncooperativeness in psychiatric and psychological assessment: Prevalence and effects in a German sample of claimants. Psychiatry Research, 157, 191-200.
59. Tombaugh, T. N. (1996). Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM). North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.
60. Tombaugh, T. N. (1997). The Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM): normative data from cognitively intact and cognitively impaired individuals. Psychological Assessment, 9, 260-268.
61. Verhoeven, L. (1995). Drie-Minuten-Toets: handleiding. Arnhem: Cito.
62. Wechsler, D. (1991). Wechsler intelligence scale for children. New York: The Psychological Corporation.
63. Wechsler, D. (1997). Wechsler adult intellligence scale-III. New York: Psychological Corporation.
64. Weinborn, M., Orr, T.,Woods, S. P., Conover, E., & Feix, J. (2003). A validation of the test of memory malingering in a forensic psychiatric setting. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25, 979-990.