메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 46, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 955-972

What Visual Information Do Children and Adults Consider While Switching Between Tasks? Eye-Tracking Investigation of Cognitive Flexibility Development

Author keywords

Cognitive flexibility; Executive control; Eye tracking; Preschool children; Task switching

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; COGNITION; COLOR VISION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; EYE FIXATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PHOTOSTIMULATION; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; REACTION TIME; TIME; VISION; PROCEDURES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77954645382     PISSN: 00121649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0019674     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)

References (76)
  • 2
    • 52849090948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Task-switching, stimulus-response bindings, and negative priming
    • MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, S. Monsell, J. Driver (Eds.)
    • Allport A., Wylie G. Task-switching, stimulus-response bindings, and negative priming. Attention and performance XVIII: Control of cognitive processes 2000, 35-70. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. S. Monsell, J. Driver (Eds.).
    • (2000) Attention and performance XVIII: Control of cognitive processes , pp. 35-70
    • Allport, A.1    Wylie, G.2
  • 3
    • 4544241807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advance preparation in task switching. What work is being done?
    • Altmann E.M. Advance preparation in task switching. What work is being done?. Psychological Science 2004, 15:616-622.
    • (2004) Psychological Science , vol.15 , pp. 616-622
    • Altmann, E.M.1
  • 5
    • 2942590831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attention and inhibition in bilingual children: Evidence from the Dimensional Change Card Sort task
    • Bialystok E., Martin M.M. Attention and inhibition in bilingual children: Evidence from the Dimensional Change Card Sort task. Developmental Science 2004, 7:325-339.
    • (2004) Developmental Science , vol.7 , pp. 325-339
    • Bialystok, E.1    Martin, M.M.2
  • 6
    • 0039266116 scopus 로고
    • La perception visuelle des formes [Visual perception of forms]
    • Dunod, Paris, France, C. Bonnet, R. Ghiglione, J.F. Richard (Eds.)
    • Bonnet C. La perception visuelle des formes [Visual perception of forms]. Traité de psychologie cognitive: Vol. 1. Perception, action et langage 1989, 3-82. Dunod, Paris, France. C. Bonnet, R. Ghiglione, J.F. Richard (Eds.).
    • (1989) Traité de psychologie cognitive: Vol. 1. Perception, action et langage , pp. 3-82
    • Bonnet, C.1
  • 8
    • 25444435120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmentally sensitive measures of executive function in preschool children
    • Carlson S.M. Developmentally sensitive measures of executive function in preschool children. Developmental Neuropsychology 2005, 28:595-616.
    • (2005) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.28 , pp. 595-616
    • Carlson, S.M.1
  • 9
    • 85012814221 scopus 로고
    • The structure and process of intellectual development
    • Case R. The structure and process of intellectual development. International Journal of Psychology 1987, 22:571-607.
    • (1987) International Journal of Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 571-607
    • Case, R.1
  • 10
    • 0035463817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in executive control across the life span: Examination of task-switching performance
    • Cepeda N.J., Kramer A.F., Gonzalez de Sather J.C. Changes in executive control across the life span: Examination of task-switching performance. Developmental Psychology 2001, 37:715-730.
    • (2001) Developmental Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 715-730
    • Cepeda, N.J.1    Kramer, A.F.2    Gonzalez de Sather, J.C.3
  • 11
    • 38149131270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do children perseverate when they seem to know better: Graded working memory, or directed inhibition?
    • Cepeda N.J., Munakata Y. Why do children perseverate when they seem to know better: Graded working memory, or directed inhibition?. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2007, 14:1058-1065.
    • (2007) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.14 , pp. 1058-1065
    • Cepeda, N.J.1    Munakata, Y.2
  • 12
    • 70349198263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are spatial and dimensional attention separate? Evidence from Posner, Stroop, and Eriksen tasks
    • Chajut E., Schupak A., Algom D. Are spatial and dimensional attention separate? Evidence from Posner, Stroop, and Eriksen tasks. Memory & Cognition 2009, 37:924-934.
    • (2009) Memory & Cognition , vol.37 , pp. 924-934
    • Chajut, E.1    Schupak, A.2    Algom, D.3
  • 13
    • 0027276926 scopus 로고
    • A neural basis for visual search in inferior temporal cortex
    • Chelazzi L., Miller E.K., Duncan J., Desimone R.D. A neural basis for visual search in inferior temporal cortex. Nature 1993, 363:345-347.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.363 , pp. 345-347
    • Chelazzi, L.1    Miller, E.K.2    Duncan, J.3    Desimone, R.D.4
  • 14
    • 43449087653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive flexibility in preschoolers: The role of representation activation and maintenance
    • Chevalier N., Blaye A. Cognitive flexibility in preschoolers: The role of representation activation and maintenance. Developmental Science 2008, 11:339-353.
    • (2008) Developmental Science , vol.11 , pp. 339-353
    • Chevalier, N.1    Blaye, A.2
  • 15
    • 65649125609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Setting goals to switch between tasks: Effect of cue transparency on children's cognitive flexibility
    • Chevalier N., Blaye A. Setting goals to switch between tasks: Effect of cue transparency on children's cognitive flexibility. Developmental Psychology 2009, 45:782-797.
    • (2009) Developmental Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 782-797
    • Chevalier, N.1    Blaye, A.2
  • 16
    • 70249136932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shifting development in mid-childhood: The influence of between-task interference
    • Cragg L., Nation K. Shifting development in mid-childhood: The influence of between-task interference. Developmental Psychology 2009, 45:1465-1479.
    • (2009) Developmental Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 1465-1479
    • Cragg, L.1    Nation, K.2
  • 18
    • 33745609502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of cognitive control and executive functions from 4 to 13 years: Evidence from manipulations of memory, inhibition, and task switching
    • Davidson M.C., Amso D., Anderson L.C., Diamond A. Development of cognitive control and executive functions from 4 to 13 years: Evidence from manipulations of memory, inhibition, and task switching. Neuropsychologia 2006, 44:2037-2078.
    • (2006) Neuropsychologia , vol.44 , pp. 2037-2078
    • Davidson, M.C.1    Amso, D.2    Anderson, L.C.3    Diamond, A.4
  • 19
    • 77956744743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of cognitive flexibility and language abilities
    • Academic Press, San Diego, CA, R. Kail (Ed.)
    • Deák G.O. The development of cognitive flexibility and language abilities. Advances in child development and behavior 2003, 31:271-327. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. R. Kail (Ed.).
    • (2003) Advances in child development and behavior , vol.31 , pp. 271-327
    • Deák, G.O.1
  • 20
    • 54949157700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The time course of presaccadic attention shifts
    • Deubel H. The time course of presaccadic attention shifts. Psychological Research 2008, 72:630-640.
    • (2008) Psychological Research , vol.72 , pp. 630-640
    • Deubel, H.1
  • 21
    • 58449126879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • All or none hypothesis: A global-default mode that characterizes the brain and mind
    • Diamond A. All or none hypothesis: A global-default mode that characterizes the brain and mind. Developmental Psychology 2009, 45:130-138.
    • (2009) Developmental Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 130-138
    • Diamond, A.1
  • 22
    • 25444498265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preschool children's performance in task switching on the Dimensional Change Card Sort task: Separating the dimensions aids the ability to switch
    • Diamond A., Carlson S.M., Beck D.M. Preschool children's performance in task switching on the Dimensional Change Card Sort task: Separating the dimensions aids the ability to switch. Developmental Neuropsychology 2005, 28:689-729.
    • (2005) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.28 , pp. 689-729
    • Diamond, A.1    Carlson, S.M.2    Beck, D.M.3
  • 23
    • 17444368113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not quite as grown-up as we like to think. Parallels between cognition in childhood and adulthood
    • Diamond A., Kirkham N.Z. Not quite as grown-up as we like to think. Parallels between cognition in childhood and adulthood. Psychological Science 2005, 16:291-297.
    • (2005) Psychological Science , vol.16 , pp. 291-297
    • Diamond, A.1    Kirkham, N.Z.2
  • 26
    • 0037265289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of inner speech in task switching: A dual-task investigation
    • Emerson M.J., Miyake A. The role of inner speech in task switching: A dual-task investigation. Journal of Memory and Language 2003, 48:148-168.
    • (2003) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.48 , pp. 148-168
    • Emerson, M.J.1    Miyake, A.2
  • 27
    • 0344608554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Shape School: Assessing executive function in preschool children
    • Espy K.A. The Shape School: Assessing executive function in preschool children. Developmental Neuropsychology 1997, 13:495-499.
    • (1997) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.13 , pp. 495-499
    • Espy, K.A.1
  • 28
    • 9644279464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of a Trail Making Test for young children: The TRAILS-P
    • Espy K.A., Cwik M.F. The development of a Trail Making Test for young children: The TRAILS-P. Clinical Neuropsychologist 2004, 18:1-12.
    • (2004) Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.18 , pp. 1-12
    • Espy, K.A.1    Cwik, M.F.2
  • 30
    • 38549141322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive functions in preschoolers: A review using an integrative framework
    • Garon N., Bryson S.E., Smith I.M. Executive functions in preschoolers: A review using an integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin 2008, 134:31-60.
    • (2008) Psychological Bulletin , vol.134 , pp. 31-60
    • Garon, N.1    Bryson, S.E.2    Smith, I.M.3
  • 31
    • 0028543936 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between cognition and action: Performance of children 3 1/2-7 years old on a Stroop-like day-night test
    • Gerstadt C.L., Hong Y.J., Diamond A. The relationship between cognition and action: Performance of children 3 1/2-7 years old on a Stroop-like day-night test. Cognition 1994, 53:129-153.
    • (1994) Cognition , vol.53 , pp. 129-153
    • Gerstadt, C.L.1    Hong, Y.J.2    Diamond, A.3
  • 32
    • 34250927314 scopus 로고
    • On methods in the analysis of profile data
    • Greenhouse S.W., Geisser S. On methods in the analysis of profile data. Psychometrika 1959, 24:95-112.
    • (1959) Psychometrika , vol.24 , pp. 95-112
    • Greenhouse, S.W.1    Geisser, S.2
  • 33
    • 0842325231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive control emerging from dynamic interactions between brain systems mediating language, working memory and attentional processes
    • Gruber O., Goschke T. Executive control emerging from dynamic interactions between brain systems mediating language, working memory and attentional processes. Acta Psychologica 2004, 115:105-121.
    • (2004) Acta Psychologica , vol.115 , pp. 105-121
    • Gruber, O.1    Goschke, T.2
  • 34
    • 25444466177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of hot and cool executive function in young children: Age-related changes and individual differences
    • Hongwanishkul D., Happaney K.R., Lee W.S., Zelazo P.D. Assessment of hot and cool executive function in young children: Age-related changes and individual differences. Developmental Neuropsychology 2005, 28:617-644.
    • (2005) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.28 , pp. 617-644
    • Hongwanishkul, D.1    Happaney, K.R.2    Lee, W.S.3    Zelazo, P.D.4
  • 35
    • 0035732954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST): A measure of executive function in preschoolers
    • Jacques S., Zelazo P.D. The Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST): A measure of executive function in preschoolers. Developmental Neuropsychology 2001, 20:573-591.
    • (2001) Developmental Neuropsychology , vol.20 , pp. 573-591
    • Jacques, S.1    Zelazo, P.D.2
  • 36
    • 33947530721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language and the development of cognitive flexibility: Implications for theory of mind
    • Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, J.W. Astington, J.A. Baird (Eds.)
    • Jacques S., Zelazo P.D. Language and the development of cognitive flexibility: Implications for theory of mind. Why language matters for theory of mind 2005, 144-162. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England. J.W. Astington, J.A. Baird (Eds.).
    • (2005) Why language matters for theory of mind , pp. 144-162
    • Jacques, S.1    Zelazo, P.D.2
  • 37
    • 34548412618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eye tracking studies of normative and atypical development
    • Karatekin C. Eye tracking studies of normative and atypical development. Developmental Review 2007, 27:283-348.
    • (2007) Developmental Review , vol.27 , pp. 283-348
    • Karatekin, C.1
  • 38
    • 34447262116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental changes in switching between mental task sets: The influence of verbal labelling in childhood
    • Karbach J., Kray J. Developmental changes in switching between mental task sets: The influence of verbal labelling in childhood. Journal of Cognition and Development 2007, 8:1-32.
    • (2007) Journal of Cognition and Development , vol.8 , pp. 1-32
    • Karbach, J.1    Kray, J.2
  • 39
    • 0344926604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helping children apply their knowledge to their behavior on a dimension-switching task
    • Kirkham N.Z., Cruess L., Diamond A. Helping children apply their knowledge to their behavior on a dimension-switching task. Developmental Science 2003, 6:449-467.
    • (2003) Developmental Science , vol.6 , pp. 449-467
    • Kirkham, N.Z.1    Cruess, L.2    Diamond, A.3
  • 40
    • 77954638015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The case of cognitive flexibility: Different set-shifting effects in children from those in adults. Unpublished manuscript, University of Salzburg, Austria.
    • Kloo, D., Aichhorn, M., Perner, J., Schmidhuber, N., Trendl, C., & Weiss, B. (2008). The case of cognitive flexibility: Different set-shifting effects in children from those in adults. Unpublished manuscript, University of Salzburg, Austria.
    • (2008)
    • Kloo, D.1    Aichhorn, M.2    Perner, J.3    Schmidhuber, N.4    Trendl, C.5    Weiss, B.6
  • 41
    • 0348217741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Training transfer between card sorting and false belief understanding: Helping children apply conflicting descriptions
    • Kloo D., Perner J. Training transfer between card sorting and false belief understanding: Helping children apply conflicting descriptions. Child Development 2003, 74:1823-1839.
    • (2003) Child Development , vol.74 , pp. 1823-1839
    • Kloo, D.1    Perner, J.2
  • 42
    • 12844254515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disentangling dimensions in the Dimensional Change Card-Sorting Task
    • Kloo D., Perner J. Disentangling dimensions in the Dimensional Change Card-Sorting Task. Developmental Science 2005, 8:44-56.
    • (2005) Developmental Science , vol.8 , pp. 44-56
    • Kloo, D.1    Perner, J.2
  • 44
    • 33745648800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cue-based preparation and stimulus-based priming of tasks in task-switching
    • Koch I., Allport A. Cue-based preparation and stimulus-based priming of tasks in task-switching. Memory & Cognition 2006, 34:433-444.
    • (2006) Memory & Cognition , vol.34 , pp. 433-444
    • Koch, I.1    Allport, A.2
  • 45
    • 77954637536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (March). Eye movements during card sorting games and correlation with theory of mind tasks. Poster presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Boston, MA.
    • Li, Y., & Feng, G. (2007, March). Eye movements during card sorting games and correlation with theory of mind tasks. Poster presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Boston, MA.
    • (2007)
    • Li, Y.1    Feng, G.2
  • 47
    • 0034244390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimension-based visual attention modulates dual-judgment accuracy in Duncan's (1984) one- versus two-object report paradigm
    • Müller H.J., O'Graby R.B. Dimension-based visual attention modulates dual-judgment accuracy in Duncan's (1984) one- versus two-object report paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2000, 26:1332-1351.
    • (2000) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , vol.26 , pp. 1332-1351
    • Müller, H.J.1    O'Graby, R.B.2
  • 48
    • 21744438988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive function and children's understanding of false belief: How specific is the relation?
    • Müller U., Zelazo P.D., Imrisek S. Executive function and children's understanding of false belief: How specific is the relation?. Cognitive Development 2005, 20:173-189.
    • (2005) Cognitive Development , vol.20 , pp. 173-189
    • Müller, U.1    Zelazo, P.D.2    Imrisek, S.3
  • 49
    • 34547662412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use it or lose it: Examining preschoolers' difficulty in maintaining and executing a goal
    • Marcovitch S., Boseovski J.J., Knapp R.J. Use it or lose it: Examining preschoolers' difficulty in maintaining and executing a goal. Developmental Science 2007, 10:559-564.
    • (2007) Developmental Science , vol.10 , pp. 559-564
    • Marcovitch, S.1    Boseovski, J.J.2    Knapp, R.J.3
  • 50
    • 0000141380 scopus 로고
    • Significance test for sphericity of a normal n-variate distribution
    • Mauchly J.W. Significance test for sphericity of a normal n-variate distribution. Annals of Mathematical Statistics 1940, 11:204-209.
    • (1940) Annals of Mathematical Statistics , vol.11 , pp. 204-209
    • Mauchly, J.W.1
  • 51
    • 0034150366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing internal constraints on action: The role of backward inhibition
    • Mayr U., Keele S.W. Changing internal constraints on action: The role of backward inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 2000, 129:4-26.
    • (2000) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.129 , pp. 4-26
    • Mayr, U.1    Keele, S.W.2
  • 53
    • 36749044892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eye movement as a window on perception and cognition
    • Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, R. Parasunaman, M. Rizzo (Eds.)
    • McCarley J.S., Kramer A.F. Eye movement as a window on perception and cognition. Neuroergonomics: The brain at work 2006, 95-112. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England. R. Parasunaman, M. Rizzo (Eds.).
    • (2006) Neuroergonomics: The brain at work , pp. 95-112
    • McCarley, J.S.1    Kramer, A.F.2
  • 55
    • 77954154606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Task switching: Mechanisms underlying rigid vs. flexible self control
    • Oxford University Press, New York, NY, R. Hassin, K. Ochsner, Y. Trope (Eds.)
    • Meiran N. Task switching: Mechanisms underlying rigid vs. flexible self control. Social cognition and social neuroscience 2008, Oxford University Press, New York, NY. R. Hassin, K. Ochsner, Y. Trope (Eds.).
    • (2008) Social cognition and social neuroscience
    • Meiran, N.1
  • 56
    • 0002991135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilingual language switching in naming: Asymmetrical costs of language selection
    • Meuter R.F.I., Allport A. Bilingual language switching in naming: Asymmetrical costs of language selection. Journal of Memory and Language 1999, 40:25-40.
    • (1999) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.40 , pp. 25-40
    • Meuter, R.F.I.1    Allport, A.2
  • 57
    • 0000309903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural basis of top-down control of visual attention in the prefrontal cortex
    • MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, S. Monsell, J. Driver (Eds.)
    • Miller E.K. The neural basis of top-down control of visual attention in the prefrontal cortex. Attention and performance XVIII: Control of cognitive processes 2000, 511-534. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. S. Monsell, J. Driver (Eds.).
    • (2000) Attention and performance XVIII: Control of cognitive processes , pp. 511-534
    • Miller, E.K.1
  • 58
    • 0842329085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inner speech as a retrieval aid for task goals: The effect of cue type and articulatory suppression in the random task cuing paradigm
    • Miyake A., Emerson M.J., Padilla F., Ahn J.C. Inner speech as a retrieval aid for task goals: The effect of cue type and articulatory suppression in the random task cuing paradigm. Acta Psychologica 2004, 115:123-142.
    • (2004) Acta Psychologica , vol.115 , pp. 123-142
    • Miyake, A.1    Emerson, M.J.2    Padilla, F.3    Ahn, J.C.4
  • 60
    • 33746869849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chronometrics of task-set control
    • Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, J. Duncan, L. Phillips, P. McLeod (Eds.)
    • Monsell S. The chronometrics of task-set control. Measuring the mind: Speed, control, and age 2005, 161-190. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England. J. Duncan, L. Phillips, P. McLeod (Eds.).
    • (2005) Measuring the mind: Speed, control, and age , pp. 161-190
    • Monsell, S.1
  • 61
    • 0033641360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconfiguration of task-set: Is it easier to switch to the weaker task?
    • Monsell S., Yeung N., Azuma R. Reconfiguration of task-set: Is it easier to switch to the weaker task?. Psychological Research 2000, 63:250-264.
    • (2000) Psychological Research , vol.63 , pp. 250-264
    • Monsell, S.1    Yeung, N.2    Azuma, R.3
  • 62
    • 0036077063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active versus latent representations: A neural network model of perseveration, dissociation, and decalage
    • Morton J.B., Munakata Y. Active versus latent representations: A neural network model of perseveration, dissociation, and decalage. Developmental Psychobiology 2002, 40:255-265.
    • (2002) Developmental Psychobiology , vol.40 , pp. 255-265
    • Morton, J.B.1    Munakata, Y.2
  • 63
    • 0036385921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What causes 3-year-olds' difficulty on the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task?
    • Perner J., Lang B. What causes 3-year-olds' difficulty on the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task?. Infant and Child Development 2002, 11:93-105.
    • (2002) Infant and Child Development , vol.11 , pp. 93-105
    • Perner, J.1    Lang, B.2
  • 64
    • 48049114643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Were you paying attention to where you looked? The role of executive working memory in visual search
    • Peterson M.S., Beck M.R., Wong J.H. Were you paying attention to where you looked? The role of executive working memory in visual search. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2008, 15:372-377.
    • (2008) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.15 , pp. 372-377
    • Peterson, M.S.1    Beck, M.R.2    Wong, J.H.3
  • 65
    • 23844490120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Task switching across the lifespan: Effects of age on general and specific switch costs
    • Reimers S., Maylor E.A. Task switching across the lifespan: Effects of age on general and specific switch costs. Developmental Psychology 2005, 41:661-671.
    • (2005) Developmental Psychology , vol.41 , pp. 661-671
    • Reimers, S.1    Maylor, E.A.2
  • 70
    • 70349753194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The time course of task switching: A speed-accuracy trade-off analysis
    • Samavatyan H., Leth-Steensen C. The time course of task switching: A speed-accuracy trade-off analysis. Memory & Cognition 2009, 37:1051-1058.
    • (2009) Memory & Cognition , vol.37 , pp. 1051-1058
    • Samavatyan, H.1    Leth-Steensen, C.2
  • 72
    • 34147106475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When knowledge is not enough: The phenomenon of goal neglect in preschool children
    • Towse J.N., Lewis C., Knowles M. When knowledge is not enough: The phenomenon of goal neglect in preschool children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2007, 96:320-332.
    • (2007) Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , vol.96 , pp. 320-332
    • Towse, J.N.1    Lewis, C.2    Knowles, M.3
  • 74
    • 34250669214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS): A method of assessing executive function in children
    • Zelazo P.D. The Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS): A method of assessing executive function in children. Nature Protocols 2006, 1:297-301.
    • (2006) Nature Protocols , vol.1 , pp. 297-301
    • Zelazo, P.D.1
  • 75
    • 0029692978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An age-related dissociation between knowing rules and using them
    • Zelazo P.D., Frye D., Rapus T. An age-related dissociation between knowing rules and using them. Cognitive Development 1996, 11:37-63.
    • (1996) Cognitive Development , vol.11 , pp. 37-63
    • Zelazo, P.D.1    Frye, D.2    Rapus, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.