Attitudes and physical distance to an individual with schizophrenia: The moderating effect of self-transcendent values

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

Volumn 45, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 751-758

  Norman, Ross M G ^a   Sorrentino, Richard M ^a   Gawronski, Bertram ^a   Szeto, Andrew C H ^a   Ye, Yang ^a   Windell, Deborah ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

^b LONDON HEALTH SCIENCES CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Attitudes; Schizophrenia; Stigma; Values

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; BEHAVIOR; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; GROUP DYNAMICS; HUMAN; MALE; PERCEPTION; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SELF CONCEPT; SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL METHOD; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; SOCIAL DISTANCE; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIOMETRIC STATUS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PERSONAL SPACE; PREJUDICE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SELF CONCEPT; SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; SOCIAL DISTANCE; SOCIAL PERCEPTION; SOCIAL VALUES; SOCIOMETRIC TECHNIQUES; SPATIAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 77954455715     PISSN: 09337954     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-009-0117-2     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. S Hitlin JA Piliavin 2004 Values: Reviving a Dormant Concept Annu Rev Sociol 30 359 393 10.1146/annurev.soc.30.012703.110640 (Pubitemid 39146298)
2. MJ Rohan 2000 A rose by any name? The values construct Pers Soc Psychol Rev 4 255 277 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0403-4
3. SH Schwartz W Bilsky 1987 Toward a universal psychological structure of human values J Pers Soc Psychol 53 550 562 10.1037/0022-3514.53.3.550
4. SH Schwartz W Bilsky 1990 Toward a theory of the universal content and structure of values: extensions and cross-cultural replications J Pers Soc Psychol 58 878 891 10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.878
5. Crano WD, Prislin R (2006) Attitudes and persuasion. In: Fiske ST, Kazdin AE, Schacter DL (eds) Annual Review of Psychology. Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, CA, pp 345-374 (Pubitemid 43237236)
6. Eagly AH, Chaiken S (1993) The Psychology of Attitudes. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, Orlando, FL
7. P Corrigan FE Markowitz A Watson D Rowan MA Kubiak 2003 An attribution model of public discrimination towards persons with mental illness J Health Soc Behav 44 162 179 10.2307/1519806 12866388 (Pubitemid 38457475)
8. BG Link JC Phelan M Bresnahan A Stueve BA Pescosolido 1999 Public conceptions of mental illness: labels, causes, dangerousness, and social distance Am J Public Health 89 1328 1333 10.2105/AJPH.89.9.1328 10474548 1:STN:280:DyaK1MvgtlOqtA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29404554)
9. KM Griffiths Y Nakane H Christensen K Yoshioka AF Jorm H Nakane 2006 Stigma in response to mental disorders: a comparison of Australia and Japan BMC Psychiatry 6 21 10.1186/1471-244X-6-21 16716231 (Pubitemid 44164730)
10. LH Yang A Kleinman BG Link JC Phelan S Lee B Good 2007 Culture and stigma: adding moral experience to stigma theory Soc Sci Med 64 1524 1535 10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.013 17188411 (Pubitemid 46349382)
11. MC Angermeyer H Matschinger 1997 Social distance towards the mentally ill: results of representative surveys in the Federal Republic of Germany Psychol Med 27 131 141 10.1017/S0033291796004205 9122293 1:STN:280: DyaK2s7mvVagsA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 27042725)
12. G Schomerus H Matschinger MC Angermeyer 2006 Preferences of the public regarding cutbacks in expenditure for patient care: are there indications of discrimination against those with mental disorders? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 41 369 377 10.1007/s00127-005-0029-8 16424964 (Pubitemid 43676252)
13. RMG Norman RM Sorrentino D Windell R Manchanda 2008 Are personal values of importance in the stigmatization of the mentally ill Can J Psychiatry 53 75 83
14. SH Schwartz A Bardi 2001 Value hierarchies across cultures: Taking a similarities perspective J Cross Cult Psychol 32 268 290 10.1177/ 0022022101032003002 (Pubitemid 33267043)
15. Schwartz SH (2005) Basic human values: their content and structure across countries. In: Tamayo A, Porto JB (eds) Valores e Compertamento nas Organizacoes. Vozes, Petropolis, Brazil, pp 21-25
16. Schwartz SH (1992) Universals in the content and structure of values: theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In: Zanna M (ed) Advances in experimental social psychology. Academic Press, Orlando, pp 1-65
17. S Grunert HJ Juhl 1995 Values, environmental attitudes, and buying of organic foods J Econ Psychol 16 39 62 10.1016/0167-4870(94)00034-8
18. DG Karp 1996 Values and their effect on pro-environmental behavior Environ Behav 28 111 133 10.1177/0013916596281006 (Pubitemid 126569737)
19. MF Barnea SH Schwartz 1998 Values and voting Polit Psychol 19 17 40 10.1111/0162-895X.00090 (Pubitemid 128048439)
20. B Duriez P Luyten B Snauwaert D Hutsebaut 2002 The importance of religiosity and values in predicting political attitudes: Evidence for the continuing importance of religiosity in Flanders (Belgium) Ment Health Relig Cult 5 35 54 10.1080/13674670110066831 (Pubitemid 34461196)
21. Helkama K, Uutela A, Schwartz S (1992) Value systems and political cognition. In: Breakwell GM (ed) Social Psychology of Political and Economic Cognition. Surrey University, London, pp 7-31
22. Schwartz S (1996) Value priorities and behavior: applying a theory of integrated value systems. In: Seligman C, Olson JM, Zanna MP (eds) The psychology of values: the Ontario symposium, vol 8. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, pp 1-24
23. MH Bond VM-Y Chi 1997 Values and moral behavior in mainland China Psychologia 40 251 264 (Pubitemid 127383573)
24. J Joireman B Duell 2007 Self-transcendent values moderate the impact of mortality salience on support for charities Pers Individ Differ 43 779 789 10.1016/j.paid.2007.02.003
25. SP Hinshaw A Stier 2008 Stigma as related to mental disorders Annu Rev Clin Psychol 4 367 393 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.4.022007.141245 17716044 (Pubitemid 351668623)
26. AR Allgeier D Byrne 1973 Attraction toward the opposite sex as a determinant of physical proximity J Soc Psychol 90 213 219 4725207 1:STN:280:DyaE3s3js1GmsA%3D%3D
27. R Gifford B O'Connor 1986 Nonverbal intimacy: clarifying the role of seating distance and orientation J Nonverbal Behav 10 207 214 10.1007/BF00987480
28. DM Amodio PG Devine 2006 Stereotyping and evaluation in implicit race bias: evidence for independent constructs and unique effects on behavior J Pers Soc Psychol 91 652 661 10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.652 17014291 (Pubitemid 44600892)
29. BA Barrios LC Corbitt JP Estes JS Topping 1976 Effect of a social stigma on interpersonal distance Psychol Rec 26 343 348
30. GR Bessenoff JW Sherman 2000 Automatic and controlled components of prejudice toward fat people: Evaluation versus stereotype activation Soc Cognit 18 329 353
31. R Kleck 1968 Physical stigma and nonverbal cues emitted in face-to-face interaction Hum Relat 21 19 28 10.1177/001872676802100102
32. EJ Langer S Fiske SE Taylor B Chanowitz 1976 Stigma, staring, and discomfort: a novel-stimulus hypothesis J Exp Soc Psychol 12 451 463 10.1016/0022-1031(76)90077-9
33. AR McConnell JM Leibold 2001 Relations among the implicit association test, discriminatory behavior, and explicit measures of racial attitudes J Exp Soc Psychol 37 435 442 10.1006/jesp.2000.1470 (Pubitemid 33082503)
34. G Haddock MP Zanna VM Esses 1993 Assessing the structure of prejudicial attitudes: the case of attitudes toward homosexuals J Pers Soc Psychol 65 1105 1118 10.1037/0022-3514.65.6.1105 (Pubitemid 24755543)
35. S Roccas 2003 Identification and status revisited: the moderating role of self-enhancement and self-transcendence values Pers Soc Psychol Bull 29 726 736 10.1177/0146167203029006005 15189628 (Pubitemid 36704368)
36. CS Crandall A Eshleman 2003 A justification-suppression model of the expression and experience of prejudice Psychol Bull 129 414 446 10.1037/0033-2909.129.3.414 12784937 (Pubitemid 37189329)
37. Devine PG, Monteith MJ (1993) The role of discrepancy-associated affect in prejudice reduction. In: Mackie DM, Hamilton DL (eds) Affect, Cognition, and Stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp 317-344
38. B Gawronski KR Peters PM Brochu F Strack 2008 Understanding the relations between different forms of racial prejudice: a cognitive consistency perspective Pers Soc Psychol Bull 34 648 665 10.1177/0146167207313729 18299634
39. MR Hebl JF Dovidio 2005 Promoting the "social" in the examination of social stigmas Pers Soc Psychol Rev 9 156 182 10.1207/s15327957pspr0902-4 15869380 (Pubitemid 40900483)
40. M Lindeman M Verkasalo 2005 Measuring values with the short Schwartz's value survey J Pers Assess 85 170 178 10.1207/s15327752jpa8502-09 16171417 (Pubitemid 41393245)
41. MC Angermeyer M Beck S Dietrich A Holzinger 2004 The stigma of mental illness: patients' anticipations and experiences Int J Soc Psychiatry 50 153 162 10.1177/0020764004043115 15293432 (Pubitemid 39076857)
42. Aronson E, Carlsmith JM (1968) Experimentation in social psychology. In: Lindzey G, Aronson E (eds) The handbook of social psychology. Addison-Wesley, Oxford
43. Aiken LS, West SG (1991) Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA
44. G Green C Hayes D Dickinson A Whittaker B Gilheany 2003 A mental health service users perspective to stigmatisation J Ment Health 12 223 234 10.1080/0963823031000118212 (Pubitemid 36836516)
45. C Lloyd D Sullivan PL Williams 2005 Perceptions of social stigma and its effect on interpersonal relationships of young males who experience a psychotic disorder Aust Occup Ther J 52 243 250 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2005.00504.x (Pubitemid 41806150)
46. B Schulze MC Angermeyer 2003 Subjective experiences of stigma. A focus group study of schizophrenic patients, their relatives and mental health professionals Soc Sci Med 56 299 312 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00028-X 12473315 (Pubitemid 35430342)
47. A Farina K Ring 1965 The Influence of Perceived Mental Illness on Interpersonal Relations J Abnorm Psychol 70 47 51 10.1037/h0021637 14271292 1:STN:280:DyaF2M%2FnsFynug%3D%3D
48. A Farina CH Holland K Ring 1966 Role of stigma and set in interpersonal interaction J Abnorm Psychol 71 421 428 10.1037/h0020306 5978032 1:STN:280:DyaF2s3ktl2qtg%3D%3D
49. M Sibicky JF Dovidio 1986 Stigma of psychological therapy: stereotypes, interpersonal reactions, and the self-fulfilling prophecy J Couns Psychol 33 148 154 10.1037/0022-0167.33.2.148
50. B Weiner RP Perry J Magnusson 1988 An attributional analysis of reactions to stigmas J Pers Soc Psychol 55 738 748 10.1037/0022-3514.55.5.738 2974883 1:STN:280:DyaL1M%2FpsVKrtQ%3D%3D
51. Biernat M, Vescio TK, Theno SA, Crandall CS (1996) Values and prejudice: toward understanding the impact of American values on outgroup attitudes. In: Seligman C, Olson JM, Zanna MP (eds) The psychology of human values: the ontario symposium. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, pp 195-228 (Pubitemid 126104869)
52. Dovidio JF, Gaertner SL (2004) Aversive Racism. In: Zanna MP (ed) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp 1-52
53. I Katz RG Hass 1988 Racial ambivalence and American value conflict: Correlational and priming studies of dual cognitive structures J Pers Soc Psychol 55 893 905 10.1037/0022-3514.55.6.893
54. Gaertner SL, Dovidio JF (1986) The aversive form of racism. In: Dovidio JF, Gaertner SL (eds) Prejudice, discrimination, and racism. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 61-89
55. EA Plant PG Devine 1998 Internal and external motivation to respond without prejudice J Pers Soc Psychol 75 811 832 10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.811 (Pubitemid 128140256)
56. AG Greenwald DE McGhee JL Schwartz 1998 Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test J Pers Soc Psychol 74 1464 1480 10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464 9654756 1:STN:280:DyaK1czhvVyhtw%3D%3D
57. RH Fazio JR Jackson BC Dunton CJ Williams 1995 Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: a bona fide pipeline? J Pers Soc Psychol 69 1013 1027 10.1037/0022-3514.69.6.1013 8531054 1:STN:280:DyaK28%2FpsFCktQ%3D%3D
58. M Friese W Hoffmann M Schmitt 2008 When and why do implicit measures predict behavior? Evidence for the moderating role of opportunity, motivation, and process reliance Eur Rev Psychol 19 285 338 10.1080/10463280802556958
59. JF Dovidio K Kawakami SL Gaertner 2002 Implicit and explicit prejudice and interracial interaction J Pers Soc Psychol 82 62 68 10.1037/0022-3514.82.1. 62 11811635
60. B Gawronski GV Bodenhausen 2006 Associative and propositional processes in evaluation: an integrative review of implicit and explicit attitude change Psychol Bull 132 692 731 10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.692 16910748 (Pubitemid 44306752)
61. F Strack R Deutsch 2004 Reflective and impulsive determinants of social behavior Pers Soc Psychol Rev 8 220 247 10.1207/s15327957pspr0803-1 15454347 (Pubitemid 39288823)
62. TD Wilson S Lindsey TY Schooler 2000 A model of dual attitudes Psychol Rev 107 101 126 10.1037/0033-295X.107.1.101 10687404 1:STN:280: DC%2BD3c7lt1Shsg%3D%3D
63. RM Norman RM Sorrentino D Windell R Manchanda 2008 The role of perceived norms in the stigmatization of mental illness Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 43 851 859 10.1007/s00127-008-0375-4 18575793
64. JW Grube DM Mayton SJ Ball-Rokeach 1994 Inducing changes in values, attitudes, and behaviors: Belief system theory and the method of value self-confrontation J Soc Issues 50 153 173 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb01202.x
65. Rokeach M (1973) The nature of human values. Free Press, New York
66. M Biernat TK Vescio SA Theno 1996 Violating American values: a "value congruence" approach to understanding outgroup attitudes J Exp Soc Psychol 32 387 410 10.1006/jesp.1996.0018 (Pubitemid 126104869)
67. G Hertel NL Kerr 2001 Priming in-group favoritism: The impact of normative scripts in the minimal group paradigm J Exp Soc Psychol 37 316 324 10.1006/jesp.2000.1447 (Pubitemid 33317166)
68. GR Maio JM Olson L Allen MM Bernard 2001 Addressing discrepancies between values and behavior: the motivating effect of reasons J Exp Soc Psychol 37 104 117 10.1006/jesp.2000.1436 (Pubitemid 33254933)
69. B Verplanken RW Holland 2002 Motivated decision making: effects of activation and self-centrality of values on choices and behavior J Pers Soc Psychol 82 434 447 10.1037/0022-3514.82.3.434 11902626
70. PG Devine EA Plant DM Amodio E Harmon-Jones SL Vance 2002 The regulation of explicit and implicit race bias: The role of motivations to respond without prejudice J Pers Soc Psychol 82 835 848 10.1037/0022-3514.82.5.835 12003481
71. GB Moskowitz PM Gollwitzer W Wasel B Schaal 1999 Preconscious control of stereotype activation through chronic egalitarian goals J Pers Soc Psychol 77 167 184 10.1037/0022-3514.77.1.167
72. GB Moskowitz AR Salomon C Taylor 2000 Implicit control of stereotype activation through the preconscious operation of chronic goals Soc Cognit 18 151 177