메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 1350-1371

Effects of climate change and wildfire on stream temperatures and salmonid thermal habitat in a mountain river network

Author keywords

Boise river basin; Bull trout; Climate change; Global warming; Idaho; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Patch; Rainbow trout; Salvelinus confluentus; Spatial statistical model; Stream temperature; Thermal habitat; USA; Wildfire

Indexed keywords

FRESH WATER;

EID: 77954337776     PISSN: 10510761     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/09-0822.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (335)

References (150)
  • 1
    • 36549063766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetry between trends in spring and autumn temperature and circulation regimes over western North America
    • Abatzoglou, J. T., and K. T. Redmond, 2007. Asymmetry between trends in spring and autumn temperature and circulation regimes over western North America. Geophysical Research Letters 34: L18808.
    • (2007) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.34
    • Abatzoglou, J.T.1    Redmond, K.T.2
  • 3
    • 15944375880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent water temperature trends in the lower Klamath River, California
    • DOI 10.1577/M04-007.1
    • Bartholow, J. M. 2005. Recent water temperature trends in the lower Klamath River, California. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 25: 152-162. (Pubitemid 40428557)
    • (2005) North American Journal of Fisheries Management , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 152-162
    • Bartholow, J.M.1
  • 6
    • 0000021475 scopus 로고
    • W. R. Meehan, editor. Influences of forest and rangeland management on salmonid fishes and their habitats. Special Publication 19. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    • Bjornn, T. C., and D. W. Reiser. 1991, Habitat requirements of salmonids in streams. Pages 83-138 in W. R. Meehan, editor. Influences of forest and rangeland management on salmonid fishes and their habitats. Special Publication 19. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
    • (1991) Habitat Requirements of Salmonids in Streams , pp. 83-138
    • Bjornn, T.C.1    Reiser, D.W.2
  • 7
    • 55249114828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is conservation triage just smart decision making?
    • Bottrill, M. C., et al. 2008. Is conservation triage just smart decision making? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 23: 649-654.
    • (2008) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.23 , pp. 649-654
    • Bottrill, M.C.1
  • 8
    • 2942536775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure of Columbia River Basin chinook salmon and steelhead trout
    • DOI 10.1080/10641260490280313
    • Brannon, E. L., M. S. Powell, T. P. Quinn, and A. Talbot. 2004. Population structure of Columbia River Basin Chinook salmon and steelhead trout. Reviews in Fisheries Science 1.2: 99-232. (Pubitemid 38740301)
    • (2004) Reviews in Fisheries Science , vol.12 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 99-232
    • Brannon, E.L.1    Powell, M.S.2    Quinn, T.P.3    Talbot, A.4
  • 9
    • 0003830054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildland, fire and ecosystems: Effects of fire on flora
    • USDA Forest Service, Ogden, Utah, USA.
    • Brown, J. K., and J. K. Smith. 2000. Wildland, fire and ecosystems: effects of fire on flora. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-412. Volume 2. USDA Forest Service, Ogden, Utah, USA.
    • (2000) General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-412 , vol.2
    • Brown, J.K.1    Smith, J.K.2
  • 10
    • 41449099598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial heterogeneity of water temperature across an alpine river basin
    • Brown, L. E., and D. M. Hannah, 2008. Spatial heterogeneity of water temperature across an alpine river basin. Hydrological Processes 22: 954-967.
    • (2008) Hydrological Processes , vol.22 , pp. 954-967
    • Brown, L.E.1    Hannah, D.M.2
  • 11
    • 34247508321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability of alpine stream biodiversity to shrinking glaciers and snowpacks
    • Brown, L. E., D. M. Hannah, and A. M. Milner. 2007. Vulnerability of alpine stream biodiversity to shrinking glaciers and snowpacks. Global Change Biology 13: 958-966.
    • (2007) Global Change Biology , vol.13 , pp. 958-966
    • Brown, L.E.1    Hannah, D.M.2    Milner, A.M.3
  • 12
    • 41449113427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of hyporheic flow and geomorphology on temperature of a large, gravel-bed river, Clackamas River, Oregon, USA
    • Burkholder, B. K., G. E. Grant, R, Haggerty, T. Khangaonkar, and P. J. Wampler. 2008. Influence of hyporheic flow and geomorphology on temperature of a large, gravel-bed river, Clackamas River, Oregon, USA. Hydrological Processes 22: 941-953.
    • (2008) Hydrological Processes , vol.22 , pp. 941-953
    • Burkholder, B.K.1    Grant, G.E.2    Haggerty, R.3    Khangaonkar, T.4    Wampler, P.J.5
  • 14
    • 33746265524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thermal regime of rivers: A review
    • Caissie, D. 2006. The thermal regime of rivers: a review. Freshwater Biology 51: 1389-1406.
    • (2006) Freshwater Biology , vol.51 , pp. 1389-1406
    • Caissie, D.1
  • 15
    • 35848935638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cold summer temperature limits recruitment of age-0 cutthroat trout in high-elevation Colorado streams
    • Coleman, M. A,, and K. D. Fausch. 2007. Cold summer temperature limits recruitment of age-0 cutthroat trout in high-elevation Colorado streams. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136: 1231-1244.
    • (2007) Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , vol.136 , pp. 1231-1244
    • Coleman, M.A.1    Fausch, K.D.2
  • 16
    • 0003548569 scopus 로고
    • Revised edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA
    • Cressie, N. 1993. Statistics for spatial data. Revised edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA,
    • (1993) Statistics for Spatial Data
    • Cressie, N.1
  • 21
    • 34547518471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promising the future? Global change projections of species distributions
    • Dormann, C. F. 2007. Promising the future? Global change projections of species distributions. Basic and Applied Ecology 8: 387-397.
    • (2007) Basic and Applied Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 387-397
    • Dormann, C.F.1
  • 23
    • 0033135322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metapopulation structure of bull trout: Influences of physical, biotic, and geometrical landscape characteristics
    • Dunham, J. B., and B. E. Rieman. 1999. Metapopulation structure of bull trout: influences of physical, biotic, and geometrical landscape characteristics. Ecological Applications 9: 642-655.
    • (1999) Ecological Applications , vol.9 , pp. 642-655
    • Dunham, J.B.1    Rieman, B.E.2
  • 24
    • 0041920399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of temperature and. environmental variables on the distribution of bull, trout within streams at the southern margin of its range
    • Dunham, J. B., B. E. Rieman, and G. Chandler. 2003a. Influences of temperature and. environmental variables on the distribution of bull, trout within streams at the southern margin of its range. North American Journal, of Fisheries Management 23: 894-904.
    • (2003) North American Journal, of Fisheries Management , vol.23 , pp. 894-904
    • Dunham, J.B.1    Rieman, B.E.2    Chandler, G.3
  • 25
    • 34447515768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of wildfire and channel, reorganization on spatial and temporal variation in stream temperature and the distribution of fish and amphibians
    • Dunham, J. B., A. E. Rosenberger, C. H. Luce, and B. E. Rieman. 2007. Influences of wildfire and channel, reorganization on spatial and temporal variation in stream temperature and the distribution of fish and amphibians. Ecosystems 10: 335-346.
    • (2007) Ecosystems , vol.10 , pp. 335-346
    • Dunham, J.B.1    Rosenberger, A.E.2    Luce, C.H.3    Rieman, B.E.4
  • 26
    • 0038751907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire on fish populations: Landscape perspectives on persistence of native fishes and nonnative fish invasions
    • Dunham, J. B., M. K. Young, R. E. Gresswell, and B. E. Rieman. 2003b. Effects of fire on fish populations: landscape perspectives on persistence of native fishes and nonnative fish invasions. Forest Ecology and Management 178: 183-196.
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.178 , pp. 183-196
    • Dunham, J.B.1    Young, M.K.2    Gresswell, R.E.3    Rieman, B.E.4
  • 27
    • 62449299078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution, ecology and conservation of Dolly Varden, white-spotted char, and bull trout
    • Dunham., J., et al. 2008. Evolution, ecology and conservation of Dolly Varden, white-spotted char, and bull trout. Fisheries 33: 537-550.
    • (2008) Fisheries , vol.33 , pp. 537-550
    • Dunham, J.1
  • 28
    • 0038020129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire and riparian ecosystems in landscapes of the western USA
    • DOI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00053-7
    • Dwire, K. A., and J. B. Kauffman. 2003. Fire and riparian ecosystems in landscapes of the western USA. Forest Ecology and Management 178: 61-74. (Pubitemid 36639310)
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.178 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 61-74
    • Dwire, K.A.1    Kauffman, J.B.2
  • 29
    • 0029818888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of climate warming on fish thermal habitat in streams of the United States
    • Eaton, J. G., and R. M. Scheller. 1996. Effects of climate warming on fish thermal habitat in streams of the United States. Limnology and Oceanography 41: 1109-1115.
    • (1996) Limnology and Oceanography , vol.41 , pp. 1109-1115
    • Eaton, J.G.1    Scheller, R.M.2
  • 30
    • 0035278265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between stream, temperature, thermal refugia and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) abundance in aridland streams in the northwestern United States
    • Ebersole, J. L., W. J. Liss, and C. A. Frissell. 2001. Relationship between stream, temperature, thermal refugia and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) abundance in aridland streams in the northwestern United States. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 10: 1-10.
    • (2001) Ecology of Freshwater Fish , vol.10 , pp. 1-10
    • Ebersole, J.L.1    Liss, W.J.2    Frissell, C.A.3
  • 31
    • 0037971468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connectivity, fragmentation, and extinction risk in dendritic metapopulations
    • Fagan, W. F. 2002. Connectivity, fragmentation, and extinction risk in dendritic metapopulations. Ecology 83: 3243-3249. (Pubitemid 36524640)
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , Issue.12 , pp. 3243-3249
    • Fagan, W.F.1
  • 35
    • 0034789283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flood disturbance regimes influence rainbow trout invasion success among five holarctic regions
    • Fausch, K. D., Y. Taniguchi, S. Nakano, G. D. Grossman, and C. R. Townsend. 2001. Flood disturbance regimes influence rainbow trout invasion success among five holarctic regions. Ecological Applications 11: 1438-1455.
    • (2001) Ecological Applications , vol.11 , pp. 1438-1455
    • Fausch, K.D.1    Taniguchi, Y.2    Nakano, S.3    Grossman, G.D.4    Townsend, C.R.5
  • 36
    • 34247608193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial modeling to project southern Appalachian trout distribution in a warmer climate
    • Flebbe, P. A., L. D. Roghair, and J. L. Bruggink. 2006. Spatial modeling to project southern Appalachian trout distribution in a warmer climate. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 135: 1371-1382.
    • (2006) Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , vol.135 , pp. 1371-1382
    • Flebbe, P.A.1    Roghair, L.D.2    Bruggink, J.L.3
  • 37
    • 38349160489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A basin-scale approach to estimating stream temperatures of tributaries to the lower Klamath River, California
    • Flint, L. E., and A. L. Flint. 2008. A basin-scale approach to estimating stream temperatures of tributaries to the lower Klamath River, California. Journal of Environmental Quality 37: 57-68.
    • (2008) Journal of Environmental Quality , vol.37 , pp. 57-68
    • Flint, L.E.1    Flint, A.L.2
  • 38
    • 34247243222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A logistic regression model for predicting the upstream extent of fish occurrence based on geographical information systems data
    • Fransen, B. R., S. D. Duke, L. G. MicWethy, J. K. Walter, and R. E. Bilby. 2006. A logistic regression model for predicting the upstream extent of fish occurrence based on geographical information systems data. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 26: 960-975.
    • (2006) North American Journal of Fisheries Management , vol.26 , pp. 960-975
    • Fransen, B.R.1    Duke, S.D.2    MicWethy, L.G.3    Walter, J.K.4    Bilby, R.E.5
  • 39
    • 0037608781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting stream temperatures: Geostatistical model comparison using alternative distance metrics
    • DOI 10.1139/f03-025
    • Gardner, B., P. J. Sullivan, and A. J. Lembo, Jr. 2003. Predicting stream temperatures: geostatistical model, comparison using alternative distance metrics. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and. Aquatic Sciences 60: 344-351. (Pubitemid 36658795)
    • (2003) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 344-351
    • Gardner, B.1    Sullivan, P.J.2    Lembo Jr., A.J.3
  • 40
    • 70349775671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonality in spatial variability and influence of land use/land cover and watershed characteristics on stream water nitrate concentrations in a developing watershed in the Rocky Mountain West
    • Gardner, K. K., and B. L. McGlynn. 2009. Seasonality in spatial variability and influence of land use/land cover and watershed characteristics on stream water nitrate concentrations in a developing watershed in the Rocky Mountain West. Water Resources Research 45: W08411.
    • (2009) Water Resources Research , vol.45
    • Gardner, K.K.1    McGlynn, B.L.2
  • 41
    • 16444375138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the potential effects of climate change on water temperature downstream, of a shallow reservoir, lower Madison River, MT
    • Gooseff, M. N., K. Strzepek, and S. C. Chapra. 2005. Modeling the potential effects of climate change on water temperature downstream, of a shallow reservoir, lower Madison River, MT. Climatic Change 68: 331-353.
    • (2005) Climatic Change , vol.68 , pp. 331-353
    • Gooseff, M.N.1    Strzepek, K.2    Chapra, S.C.3
  • 42
    • 34547157078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of 20th century warming and climate variability on flood risk in the western U.S
    • Hamlet, A. F., and D. P. Lettenmaier. 2007. Effects of 20th century warming and climate variability on flood risk in the western U.S. Water Resources Research 43: W06427.
    • (2007) Water Resources Research , vol.43
    • Hamlet, A.F.1    Lettenmaier, D.P.2
  • 43
    • 29144499022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of temperature and precipitation variability on snowpack trends in the western United States
    • Hamlet, A. F., P. W. Mote, M. P. Clark, and D. P. Lettenmaier. 2005. Effects of temperature and precipitation variability on snowpack trends in the western United States. Journal of Climate 18: 4545-4561.
    • (2005) Journal of Climate , vol.18 , pp. 4545-4561
    • Hamlet, A.F.1    Mote, P.W.2    Clark, M.P.3    Lettenmaier, D.P.4
  • 44
    • 34247590396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twentieth-century trends in runoff, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture in the western United States
    • Hamlet, A. F., P. W. Mote, M. P. Clark, and D. P. Lettenmaier. 2007. Twentieth-century trends in runoff, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture in the western United States. Journal of Climate 20: 1468-1486.
    • (2007) Journal of Climate , vol.20 , pp. 1468-1486
    • Hamlet, A.F.1    Mote, P.W.2    Clark, M.P.3    Lettenmaier, D.P.4
  • 45
    • 33645889342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of climatic change for water temperature and brown trout populations in Alpine rivers and streams
    • Hari, R. E., D. M. Livingstone, R. Siber, P. Burkhardt-Holm, and H. Guttinger. 2006. Consequences of climatic change for water temperature and brown trout populations in Alpine rivers and streams. Global Change Biology 12: 10-26.
    • (2006) Global Change Biology , vol.12 , pp. 10-26
    • Hari, R.E.1    Livingstone, D.M.2    Siber, R.3    Burkhardt-Holm, P.4    Guttinger, H.5
  • 46
    • 58849139562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and freshwater biodiversity: Detected patterns, future trends and adaptations in northern regions
    • Heino, J., R. Virkkala, and H. Toivonen. 2009. Climate change and freshwater biodiversity: detected patterns, future trends and adaptations in northern regions. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical. Society 84: 39-54.
    • (2009) Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical. Society , vol.84 , pp. 39-54
    • Heino, J.1    Virkkala, R.2    Toivonen, H.3
  • 49
    • 0037363584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immediate effects of wildfire on stream temperature
    • Hitt, N. P. 2003. Immediate effects of wildfire on stream temperature. Journal, of Freshwater Ecology 18: 171-173.
    • (2003) Journal, of Freshwater Ecology , vol.18 , pp. 171-173
    • Hitt, N.P.1
  • 50
    • 0020415394 scopus 로고
    • Empirical and theoretical models to isolate the effect of discharge on summer water temperatures in the Hurunui River
    • Hockey, J. B., I. F. Owens, and N. J. Tapper. 1982. Empirical and theoretical models to isolate the effect of discharge on summer water temperatures in the Hurunui River. Journal of Hydrology (New Zealand) 21: 1-12.
    • (1982) Journal of Hydrology (New Zealand) , vol.21 , pp. 1-12
    • Hockey, J.B.1    Owens, I.F.2    Tapper, N.J.3
  • 53
    • 0034997661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hypothesis about factors that affect maximum summer stream temperatures across montane landscapes
    • Isaak, D. J., and W. A. Hubert. 2001. A hypothesis about factors that affect maximum summer stream temperatures across montane landscapes. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 37: 351-366.
    • (2001) Journal of the American Water Resources Association , vol.37 , pp. 351-366
    • Isaak, D.J.1    Hubert, W.A.2
  • 54
    • 6344240960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear response of trout abundance to summer stream temperatures across a thermally diverse montane landscape
    • Isaak, D. J., and W. A. Hubert. 2004. Nonlinear response of trout abundance to summer stream temperatures across a thermally diverse montane landscape. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 133: 1254-1259.
    • (2004) Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , vol.133 , pp. 1254-1259
    • Isaak, D.J.1    Hubert, W.A.2
  • 55
    • 78650432073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General Technical Report GTR-RMRS-224. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
    • Isaak, D. J., B. E. Rieman, and D. Horan. 2009. A watershedscale bull trout monitoring protocol. General Technical Report GTR-RMRS-224. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
    • (2009) A Watershedscale Bull Trout Monitoring Protocol
    • Isaak, D.J.1    Rieman, B.E.2    Horan, D.3
  • 56
    • 33645124723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Network-scale spatial and temporal variation in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redd distributions: Patterns inferred from spatially continuous replicate surveys
    • Isaak, D. J., R. F. Thurow. 2006. Network-scale spatial and temporal variation in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redd distributions: patterns inferred from spatially continuous replicate surveys. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63: 285-296.
    • (2006) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , vol.63 , pp. 285-296
    • Isaak, D.J.1    Thurow, R.F.2
  • 58
    • 34247213989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative roles of habitat quality, size, and connectivity in Chinook salmon use of spawning patches
    • Isaak, D. J., R. F. Thurow, B. E. Rieman, and J. B. Dunham. 2007. Relative roles of habitat quality, size, and connectivity in Chinook salmon use of spawning patches. Ecological Applications 17: 352-364.
    • (2007) Ecological Applications , vol.17 , pp. 352-364
    • Isaak, D.J.1    Thurow, R.F.2    Rieman, B.E.3    Dunham, J.B.4
  • 61
    • 6344291459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stream temperature: Scaling of observations and issues for modelling
    • Johnson, S. L. 2003. Stream temperature: scaling of observations and issues for modelling. Hydrological Processes 17: 497-499.
    • (2003) Hydrological Processes , vol.17 , pp. 497-499
    • Johnson, S.L.1
  • 62
    • 1642410340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of roadside bias on the accuracy of predictive maps produced by bioclimatic models
    • Kadmon, R., O. Farber, and A, Danin. 2004. Effect of roadside bias on the accuracy of predictive maps produced by bioclimatic models. Ecological Applications 14: 401-413.
    • (2004) Ecological Applications , vol.14 , pp. 401-413
    • Kadmon, R.1    Farber, O.2    Danin, A.3
  • 63
    • 0034602311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery and management options for spring/summer Chinook, salmon in the Columbia River basin
    • Kareiva, P., M. Marvier, and M. McClure. 2000. Recovery and management options for spring/summer Chinook, salmon in the Columbia River basin. Science 290: 977-979.
    • (2000) Science , vol.290 , pp. 977-979
    • Kareiva, P.1    Marvier, M.2    McClure, M.3
  • 64
    • 0029659386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal limits to salmonid distributions in the Rocky Mountain region and potential habitat loss due to global warming: A geographic information system (GIS) approach
    • Keleher, C. J., and F. J. Rahel. 1996. Thermal limits to salmonid distributions in the Rocky Mountain region and potential habitat loss due to global warming: a geographic information system (GIS) approach. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 125: 1-13. (Pubitemid 27301927)
    • (1996) Transactions - American Fisheries Society , vol.125 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-13
    • Keleher, C.J.1    Rahel, F.J.2
  • 65
    • 35348828486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Present effects of past wildfires on the diets of stream fish
    • DOI 10.3398/1527-0904(2007)67[429:PEOPWO]2.0.CO;2
    • Koetsier, P., Q. Tuckett, and J. White. 2007. Present effects of past wildfires on the diets of stream fish. Western North American Naturalist 67: 429-438. (Pubitemid 47582624)
    • (2007) Western North American Naturalist , vol.67 , Issue.3 , pp. 429-438
    • Koetsier, P.1    Tuckett, Q.2    White, J.3
  • 66
    • 77954331381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stream temperature response to wildfire disturbance: Lessons from Fishtrap Creek
    • Leach, J., and R. D. Moore. 2008. Stream temperature response to wildfire disturbance: lessons from Fishtrap Creek. Streamline Watershed Management Bulletin 12(l): 11-16.
    • (2008) Streamline Watershed Management Bulletin , vol.12 , Issue.50 , pp. 11-16
    • Leach, J.1    Moore, R.D.2
  • 68
    • 0027881344 scopus 로고
    • Spatial autocorrelation: Trouble or new paradigm?
    • Legendre, P. 1993. Spatial autocorrelation: Trouble or new paradigm? Ecology 74: 1659-1673.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 1659-1673
    • Legendre, P.1
  • 70
    • 71949101841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declining annual, streamflow distributions in the Pacific Northwest United States, 1948-2006
    • Luce, C. H., and Z. Holden. 2009. Declining annual, streamflow distributions in the Pacific Northwest United States, 1948-2006. Geophysical Research Letters 36: L16401,
    • (2009) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.36
    • Luce, C.H.1    Holden, Z.2
  • 71
    • 2942604141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The application of depletion curves for parameterization of subgrid variability of snow
    • Luce, C. H., and. D. G. Tarboton. 2004. The application of depletion curves for parameterization of subgrid variability of snow. Hydrological Processes 18: 1409-1422.
    • (2004) Hydrological Processes , vol.18 , pp. 1409-1422
    • Luce, C.H.1    Tarboton, D.G.2
  • 74
    • 63849334860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond description: The active and effective way to infer processes from spatial patterns
    • Mclntire, E. J. B., and A, Fajardo. 2009. Beyond description: the active and effective way to infer processes from spatial patterns. Ecology 90: 46-56.
    • (2009) Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 46-56
    • Mclntire, E.J.B.1    Fajardo, A.2
  • 76
    • 33947502261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. framework for debate of assisted migration in an era of climate change
    • McLachlan, J. S., J. J. Hellmann, and. M. W. Schwartz. 2007. A. framework for debate of assisted migration in an era of climate change. Conservation Biology 21: 297-302.
    • (2007) Conservation Biology , vol.21 , pp. 297-302
    • McLachlan, J.S.1    Hellmann, J.J.2    Schwartz, M.W.3
  • 78
    • 0002329407 scopus 로고
    • Zoogeography of the freshwater fishes of Cascadia (the Columbia system and rivers north to the Stikine)
    • C. H. Hocutt and E. O. Wiley, editors. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA
    • McPhail, J. D., and C. C. Lindsey. 1986. Zoogeography of the freshwater fishes of Cascadia (the Columbia system and rivers north to the Stikine). Pages 615-637 in C. H. Hocutt and E. O. Wiley, editors. The zoogeography of North American freshwater fishes. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1986) The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes. , pp. 615-637
    • McPhail, J.D.1    Lindsey, C.C.2
  • 79
    • 0025225203 scopus 로고
    • Effect of climatic warming on the southern margins of the native range of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis
    • Meisner, J. D. 1990. Effect of climatic warming on the southern margins of the native range of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47: 1065-1070.
    • (1990) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , vol.47 , pp. 1065-1070
    • Meisner, J.D.1
  • 80
    • 0002294529 scopus 로고
    • The role of groundwater in the impact of climate warming on stream salmonines
    • Meisner, J. D., J. S. Rosenfeld, and H. A. Regier. 1988. The role of groundwater in the impact of climate warming on stream salmonines. Fisheries 13(3): 2-8.
    • (1988) Fisheries , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 2-8
    • Meisner, J.D.1    Rosenfeld, J.S.2    Regier, H.A.3
  • 81
    • 0038075371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time, space, and episodicity of physical disturbance in streams
    • DOI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00057-4
    • Miller, D., C. H. Luce, and L. E. Benda. 2003. Time, space, and episodicity of physical, disturbance in streams. Forest Ecology and Management 178: 121-140. (Pubitemid 36631756)
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.178 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 121-140
    • Miller, D.1    Luce, C.2    Benda, L.3
  • 83
    • 0041859373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global warming and potential changes in fish habitat in U.S. streams
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1024847723344
    • Mohseni, O., H. G. Stefan, and J. G. Eaton. 2003. Global warming and potential changes in fish habitat in U.S. streams. Climatic Change 59: 389-409. (Pubitemid 37060496)
    • (2003) Climatic Change , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 389-409
    • Mohseni, O.1    Stefan, H.G.2    Eaton, J.G.3
  • 84
    • 0031662199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nonlinear regression model for weekly stream temperatures
    • Mohseni, O., H. G. Stefan, and T. R. Erickson. 1998. A. nonlinear regression model for weekly stream temperatures. Water Resources Research 34: 2685-2692. (Pubitemid 28451066)
    • (1998) Water Resources Research , vol.34 , Issue.10 , pp. 2685-2692
    • Mohseni, O.1    Stefan, H.G.2    Erickson, T.R.3
  • 85
    • 42049093761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of body size and environmental factors on autumn downstream migration of bull trout in the Boise River, Idaho
    • DOI 10.1577/M06-095.1
    • Monnot, L., J. B. Dunham, T. Hoem, and P. Koetsier. 2008. Influences of body size and environmental factors on autumn downstream migration of bull trout in the Boise River, Idaho. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 28: 231-240. (Pubitemid 351520409)
    • (2008) North American Journal of Fisheries Management , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 231-240
    • Monnot, L.1    Dunham, J.B.2    Hoem, T.3    Koetsier, P.4
  • 87
    • 0013641715 scopus 로고
    • Population control of exotic rainbow trout in streams of a natural park area
    • Moore, S. E., G. L. Larson, and B. Ridley. 1986. Population control of exotic rainbow trout in streams of a natural park area. Environmental Management 10: 215-219.
    • (1986) Environmental Management , vol.10 , pp. 215-219
    • Moore, S.E.1    Larson, G.L.2    Ridley, B.3
  • 88
    • 42449136241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-season climate synchronized forest fires throughout the 20th century, northern Rockies, USA
    • DOI 10.1890/06-2049.1
    • Morgan, P., E. K, Heyerdahl, and C. E. Gibson. 2008. Multiseason climate synchronized widespread forest fires throughout the 20th century, Northern Rockies, USA. Ecology 89: 717-728. (Pubitemid 351559543)
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.89 , Issue.3 , pp. 717-728
    • Morgan, P.1    Heyerdahl, E.K.2    Gibson, C.E.3
  • 89
    • 11844255654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating stream temperature from air temperature: Implications for future water quality
    • Morrill, J. C., R. C. Bales, M. Asee, and M. H. Conklin. 2005. Estimating stream temperature from air temperature: implications for future water quality. Journal of Environmental Engineering 131: 139-146.
    • (2005) Journal of Environmental Engineering , vol.131 , pp. 139-146
    • Morrill, J.C.1    Bales, R.C.2    Asee, M.3    Conklin, M.H.4
  • 90
    • 40449124253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longevity can buffer plant and animal populations against changing climatic variability
    • Morris, W. F., et al. 2008. Longevity can buffer plant and animal populations against changing climatic variability Ecology 89: 19-25.
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 19-25
    • Morris, W.F.1
  • 91
    • 0037054653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change in the Fraser River watershed: Flow and temperature projections
    • DOI 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00065-3, PII S0022169402000653
    • Morrison, J., M. C. Quick, and M. G. C. Foreman. 2002. Climate change in the Fraser River watershed: flow and temperature projections. Journal of Hydrology 263: 230-244. (Pubitemid 35211800)
    • (2002) Journal of Hydrology , vol.263 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 230-244
    • Morrison, J.1    Quick, M.C.2    Foreman, M.G.G.3
  • 95
    • 23844556445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal movement and habitat use by subadult bull, trout in the upper Flathead River system, Montana
    • Muhlfeld, C. C., and B. Marotz. 2005. Seasonal movement and habitat use by subadult bull, trout in the upper Flathead River system, Montana. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 25: 797-810.
    • (2005) North American Journal of Fisheries Management , vol.25 , pp. 797-810
    • Muhlfeld, C.C.1    Marotz, B.2
  • 96
    • 0030303514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential fragmentation and loss of thermal habitats for charrs in the Japanese archipelago due to climatic warming
    • Nakano, S., F. Kitano, and K. Maekawa. 1996. Potential fragmentation and loss of thermal habitats for charrs in the Japanese archipelago due to climatic warming. Freshwater Biology 36: 711-722. (Pubitemid 27103063)
    • (1996) Freshwater Biology , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 711-722
    • Nakano, S.1    Kitano, F.2    Maekawa, K.3
  • 97
    • 0036076553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline of the migratory form in bull, charr, Salvelinus confluentus, and implications for conservation
    • Nelson, M. L., T. E. McMahon, and R. F. Thurow. 2002. Decline of the migratory form in bull, charr, Salvelinus confluentus, and implications for conservation. Environmental Biology of Fishes 64: 321-332.
    • (2002) Environmental Biology of Fishes , vol.64 , pp. 321-332
    • Nelson, M.L.1    McMahon, T.E.2    Thurow, R.F.3
  • 98
    • 74449084160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of wildfire, habitat size, and connectivity on trout in headwater streams revealed by patterns of genetic diversity
    • Neville, H., J. Dunham, A, Rosen berger, J. Umek, and B. Nelson. 2009. Influences of wildfire, habitat size, and connectivity on trout in headwater streams revealed by patterns of genetic diversity. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 138: 1314-1327.
    • (2009) Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , vol.138 , pp. 1314-1327
    • Neville, H.1    Dunham, J.2    Rosen Berger, A.3    Umek, J.4    Nelson, B.5
  • 99
    • 0037413628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems
    • DOI 10.1038/nature01286
    • Parmesan, C., and G. Yohe. 2003. A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature 421: 37-42. (Pubitemid 36077078)
    • (2003) Nature , vol.421 , Issue.6918 , pp. 37-42
    • Parmesan, C.1    Yohe, G.2
  • 100
    • 0034988295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial distribution of native and non-native salmonids in streams of the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains
    • Paul, A. J., and J. R. Post. 2001. Spatial distribution of native and non-native salmonids in streams of the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130: 417-430.
    • (2001) Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , vol.130 , pp. 417-430
    • Paul, A.J.1    Post, J.R.2
  • 101
    • 0034750878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate regimes and water temperature changes in the Columbia River: Bioenergetic implications for predators of juvenile salmon
    • Petersen, J. H., and J. F. Kitchell. 2001. Climate regimes and water temperature changes in the Columbia River: bioenergetic implications for predators of juvenile salmon. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58: 1831-1841.
    • (2001) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , vol.58 , pp. 1831-1841
    • Petersen, J.H.1    Kitchell, J.F.2
  • 102
    • 58249104119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When eradication is not an option: Modeling strategies for electrofishing suppression of nonnative brook trout to foster persistence of sympatric native cutthroat trout in small streams
    • Peterson, D. P., K. D. Fausch, J. Watmough, and R. A. Cunjak. 2008. When eradication is not an option: modeling strategies for electrofishing suppression of nonnative brook trout to foster persistence of sympatric native cutthroat trout in small streams. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 28: 1847-1.867.
    • (2008) North American Journal of Fisheries Management , vol.28 , pp. 1847-1867
    • Peterson, D.P.1    Fausch, K.D.2    Watmough, J.3    Cunjak, R.A.4
  • 104
    • 33846240000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geostatistical modelling on stream networks: Developing valid covariance matrices based on hydrologic distance and stream flow
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01686.x
    • Peterson, E. E., D. M, Theobald, and J. M, Ver Hoef. 2007. Geostatistical modelling on stream, networks: developing valid covariance matrices based on hydrologie distance and stream flow. Freshwater Biology 52: 267-279. (Pubitemid 46096120)
    • (2007) Freshwater Biology , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 267-279
    • Peterson, E.E.1    Theobald, D.M.2    Ver Hoef, J.M.3
  • 105
    • 33750356507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting water quality impaired stream segments using landscape-scale data and a regional, geostatistical model: A case study in Maryland
    • Peterson, E. E., and N. S. Urquhart. 2006. Predicting water quality impaired stream segments using landscape-scale data and a regional, geostatistical model: a case study in Maryland. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 121 :615-638.
    • (2006) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , vol.121 , pp. 615-638
    • Peterson, E.E.1    Urquhart, N.S.2
  • 106
    • 77950443227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mixed-model moving-average approach to geostatistical modeling in stream networks
    • in press
    • Peterson, E. E., and J. M. Ver Hoef. 2010. A mixed-model moving-average approach to geostatistical modeling in stream networks. Ecology 91, in press.
    • (2010) Ecology , pp. 91
    • Peterson, E.E.1    Ver Hoef, J.M.2
  • 107
    • 35148893122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire in the riparian zone: Characteristics and ecological consequences
    • Pett.it, N. E., and R. J. Naiman. 2007. Fire in the riparian zone: characteristics and ecological consequences. Ecosystems 10: 673-687.
    • (2007) Ecosystems , vol.10 , pp. 673-687
    • Pettit, N.E.1    Naiman, R.J.2
  • 108
    • 0035007083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ecological perspective on in-stream temperature: Natural, heat dynamics and mechanisms of human-caused thermal degradation
    • Poole, G. C., and C. H. Berman. 2001. An ecological perspective on in-stream temperature: natural, heat dynamics and mechanisms of human-caused thermal degradation. Environmental Management 27: 787-802.
    • (2001) Environmental Management , vol.27 , pp. 787-802
    • Poole, G.C.1    Berman, C.H.2
  • 109
    • 55349117799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiology and climate change
    • Pörtner, H. O., and A. P. Farrell. 2008. Physiology and climate change. Science 322: 690-692.
    • (2008) Science , vol.322 , pp. 690-692
    • Pörtner, H.O.1    Farrell, A.P.2
  • 111
    • 24344508811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using current biogeographic limits to predict fish distributions following climate change
    • Rahel, F. J. 2002. Using current biogeographic limits to predict fish distributions following climate change. American Fisheries Society Symposium 32: 99-110.
    • (2002) American Fisheries Society Symposium , vol.32 , pp. 99-110
    • Rahel, F.J.1
  • 112
    • 44949231256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the effects of climate change on aquatic invasive species
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00950.x
    • Rahel, F. J., and J. D. Olden. 2008. Assessing the effects of climate change on aquatic invasive species. Conservation Biology 22: 521-533. (Pubitemid 351813450)
    • (2008) Conservation Biology , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 521-533
    • Rahel, F.J.1    Olden, J.D.2
  • 113
    • 0000310395 scopus 로고
    • A disturbance-based ecosystem approach to maintaining and restoring freshwater habitats of evolutionarily significant units of anadromous salmonids in the Pacific Northwest
    • Reeves, G. H., L. E. Benda, K. M. Burnett, P. A. Bisson, and J. R. Sedell, 1995. A disturbance-based ecosystem approach to maintaining and restoring freshwater habitats of evolutionarily significant units of anadromous salmonids in the Pacific Northwest. American Fisheries Society Symposium 17: 334-349.
    • (1995) American Fisheries Society Symposium , vol.17 , pp. 334-349
    • Reeves, G.H.1    Benda, L.E.2    Burnett, K.M.3    Bisson, P.A.4    Sedell, J.R.5
  • 114
    • 0242569434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local-habitat, watershed, and biotic features associated with bull trout occurrence in Montana streams
    • Rich, C. F., T. E. McMahon, B. E. Rieman, and W. L. Thompson. 2003. Local-habitat, watershed, and biotic features associated with bull trout occurrence in Montana streams. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 132: 1053-1064.
    • (2003) Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , vol.132 , pp. 1053-1064
    • Rich, C.F.1    McMahon, T.E.2    Rieman, B.E.3    Thompson, W.L.4
  • 115
    • 17144363676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum temperature limits for Chinook, coho, and chum, salmon, and steelhead trout in the Pacific Northwest
    • Richter, A., and S. A. Kolm.es. 2005. Maximum temperature limits for Chinook, coho, and chum, salmon, and steelhead trout in the Pacific Northwest. Reviews in Fisheries Science 13: 23-49.
    • (2005) Reviews in Fisheries Science , vol.13 , pp. 23-49
    • Richter, A.1    Kolmes, S.A.2
  • 116
    • 0031280547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildfire and native fish: Issues of forest health and conservation of sensitive species
    • Rieman, B. E., and J. Clayton. 1997. Wildfire and native fish: issues of forest health and conservation of native fishes. Fisheries 22: 6-15. (Pubitemid 127145742)
    • (1997) Fisheries , vol.22 , Issue.11 , pp. 6-15
    • Rieman, B.1    Clayton, J.2
  • 119
    • 0031425468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution, status, and likely future trends of bull trout within the Columbia River and Klamath basins
    • Rieman, B. E., D. C. Lee, and R. F. Thurow. 1997ft. Distribution, status, and likely future trends of bull trout within the Columbia River and Klamath basins. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 17: 1111-1125.
    • (1997) North American Journal of Fisheries Management , vol.17 , pp. 1111-1125
    • Rieman, B.E.1    Lee, D.C.2    Thurow, R.F.3
  • 120
    • 0033994434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward an integrated classification of ecosystems: Defining opportunities for managing fish and forest health
    • Rieman, B. E., D. C. Lee, R. F. Thurow, P. F. Hessburg, and J. R. Sedell, 2000. Toward an integrated classification of ecosystems: defining opportunities for managing fish and forest health, Environmental Management 25: 425-444.
    • (2000) Environmental Management , vol.25 , pp. 425-444
    • Rieman, B.E.1    Lee, D.C.2    Thurow, R.F.3    Hessburg, P.F.4    Sedell, J.R.5
  • 121
    • 0028993722 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of bull trout in naturally fragmented habitat patches of varied size
    • Rieman, B. E., and J. D. Mclntyre. 1995. Occurrence of bull trout in naturally fragmented habitat patches of varied size. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 124: 285-296.
    • (1995) Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , vol.124 , pp. 285-296
    • Rieman, B.E.1    Mclntyre, J.D.2
  • 123
    • 33645669805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Have brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis displaced bull trout Salvelinus confiuentus along longitudinal gradients in central Idaho streams?
    • Rieman, B. E., J. T. Peterson, and D. L. Myers. 2006. Have brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis displaced bull trout Salvelinus confiuentus along longitudinal gradients in central Idaho streams? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63: 63-78.
    • (2006) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , vol.63 , pp. 63-78
    • Rieman, B.E.1    Peterson, J.T.2    Myers, D.L.3
  • 124
    • 0036211942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of stream restoration techniques and a hierarchical strategy for prioritizing restoration in Pacific Northwest watersheds
    • DOI 10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0001:AROSRT>2.0.CO;2
    • Roni, P., T. J. Beechie, R. E. Bilby, F. E. Leonetti, M. M. Pollock, and G. R. Pess. 2002. A review of stream restoration techniques and a hierarchical strategy for prioritizing restoration in Pacific Northwest watersheds. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22: 1-20. (Pubitemid 34267861)
    • (2002) North American Journal of Fisheries Management , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-20
    • Roni, P.1    Beechie, T.J.2    Bilby, R.E.3    Leonetti, F.E.4    Pollock, M.M.5    Pess, G.R.6
  • 126
    • 0030883421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature patterns in small streams following wildfire
    • Royer, T. V., and G. W. Minshall. 1997. Temperature patterns in small streams following wildfire. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 140: 237-242. (Pubitemid 27441773)
    • (1997) Archiv fur Hydrobiologie , vol.140 , Issue.2 , pp. 237-242
    • Royer, T.V.1    Minshall, G.W.2
  • 128
    • 0001549308 scopus 로고
    • Trout production and standing crop in Colorado's small streams, as related to environmental features
    • Scarnecchia, D. L., and E. P. Bergersen. 1987. Trout production and standing crop in Colorado's small streams, as related to environmental features. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 7: 315-330.
    • (1987) North American Journal of Fisheries Management , vol.7 , pp. 315-330
    • Scarnecchia, D.L.1    Bergersen, E.P.2
  • 129
    • 0025197530 scopus 로고
    • Role of refugia in recovery from, disturbances: Modern fragmented and disconnected river systems
    • Sedell, J. R., G. H. Reeves, F. R. Hauer, J. A, Stanford, and C. P. Hawkins. 1990. Role of refugia in recovery from, disturbances: modern fragmented and disconnected river systems. Environmental Management 14: 711-724.
    • (1990) Environmental Management , vol.14 , pp. 711-724
    • Sedell, J.R.1    Reeves, G.H.2    Hauer, F.R.3    Stanford, J.A.4    Hawkins, C.P.5
  • 130
    • 0034761239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of temperature on growth, and survival of bull trout, with application of an improved method for determining thermal tolerance in fishes
    • Selong, J. H., T. E. McMahon, A. V. ZaIe, and F. T. Barrows. 2001. Effect of temperature on growth, and survival of bull trout, with application of an improved method for determining thermal tolerance in fishes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130: 1026-1037.
    • (2001) Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , vol.130 , pp. 1026-1037
    • Selong, J.H.1    McMahon, T.E.2    ZaIe, A.V.3    Barrows, F.T.4
  • 131
    • 0027798999 scopus 로고
    • Stream, temperature dynamics: Measurements and modelling
    • Sinokrot, B. A., and H. G. Stefan. 1993. Stream, temperature dynamics: measurements and modelling. Water Resources Research 29: 2299-2312.
    • (1993) Water Resources Research , vol.29 , pp. 2299-2312
    • Sinokrot, B.A.1    Stefan, H.G.2
  • 132
    • 15944419215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of stream, temperature on the spatial distribution of westslope cutthroat trout growth potential within the Madison River basin, Montana
    • Sloat, M. R., B. B. Shepard, R. G. White, and S. Carson. 2005. Influence of stream, temperature on the spatial distribution of westslope cutthroat trout growth potential within the Madison River basin, Montana. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 25: 225-237.
    • (2005) North American Journal of Fisheries Management , vol.25 , pp. 225-237
    • Sloat, M.R.1    Shepard, B.B.2    White, R.G.3    Carson, S.4
  • 133
    • 0001282571 scopus 로고
    • Environmental influences on the temperature of a small, upland stream
    • Smith, K., and M. E. Lavis. 1975. Environmental influences on the temperature of a small, upland stream. Oikos 26: 28-236.
    • (1975) Oikos , vol.26 , pp. 28-236
    • Smith, K.1    Lavis, M.E.2
  • 134
    • 14244253559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes toward earlier streamflow timing across western North America
    • Stewart, I. T., D. R. Cayan, and M. D. Dettinger. 2005. Changes toward earlier streamflow timing across western North America. Journal of Climate 18: 1136-1155.
    • (2005) Journal of Climate , vol.18 , pp. 1136-1155
    • Stewart, I.T.1    Cayan, D.R.2    Dettinger, M.D.3
  • 136
    • 77954338649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (FLoWS). Version 1. User's guide: ArcGIS tools for network-based analysis of freshwater ecosystems. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
    • Theobald, D. M., J. B. Norman, E. E. Peterson, S. Ferraz, A. Wade, and M. R. Sherburne. 2006. Functional linkage of waterbasins and streams (FLoWS). Version 1. User's guide: ArcGIS tools for network-based analysis of freshwater ecosystems. Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. (http://www.nrel.colostate.edu/projects/starmap/flows- index.htm)
    • (2006) Functional Linkage of Waterbasins and Streams
    • Theobald, D.M.1    Norman, J.B.2    Peterson, E.E.3    Ferraz, S.4    Wade, A.5    Sherburne, M.R.6
  • 137
    • 0031416712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and status of seven native salmonids in the interior Columbia River basin and portions of the Klamath River and Great Basins
    • Thurow, R. F., D. C. Lee, and B. E. Rieman. 1997. Distribution and status of seven native salmonids in the interior Columbia River basin and portions of the Klamath River and Great Basins. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 17: 1094-1110.
    • (1997) North American Journal of Fisheries Management , vol.17 , pp. 1094-1110
    • Thurow, R.F.1    Lee, D.C.2    Rieman, B.E.3
  • 139
    • 0001279976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; determination of threatened status for bull, trout in the Columbia and Klamath River basins; final, rule
    • USFWS [U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]. 1998. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; determination of threatened status for bull, trout in the Columbia and Klamath River basins; final, rule. Federal Register 63: 31647.
    • (1998) Federal Register , vol.63 , pp. 31647
  • 140
    • 77954324402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National elevation dataset
    • USGS. 2006. National elevation dataset. (http://ned.usgs.gov/)
    • (2006)
  • 141
    • 34548525150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent climatically induced increase of tree mortality rates in a temperate forest
    • van Mantgem, P. J., and N. L. Stephenson. 2007. Apparent climatically induced increase of tree mortality rates in a temperate forest. Ecology Letters 10: 909-916.
    • (2007) Ecology Letters , vol.10 , pp. 909-916
    • Van Mantgem, P.J.1    Stephenson, N.L.2
  • 142
    • 0036303092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sampling and geostatistics for spatial data
    • Ver Hoef, J. M. 2002. Sampling and geostatistics for spatial data. Ecoscience 9: 152-161.
    • (2002) Ecoscience , vol.9 , pp. 152-161
    • Ver Hoef, J.M.1
  • 145
    • 69149092643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary history of Pacific salmon in dynamic environments
    • Waples, R. S., G. R. Pess, and T. Beechie. 2008. Evolutionary history of Pacific salmon in dynamic environments. Evolutionary Applications 1: 189-206.
    • (2008) Evolutionary Applications , vol.1 , pp. 189-206
    • Waples, R.S.1    Pess, G.R.2    Beechie, T.3
  • 146
    • 41449090471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in stream and river temperature research
    • DOI 10.1002/hyp.6994
    • Webb, B. W., D. M. Hannah, R. D. Moore, L. E. Brown, and F. Nobilis. 2008. Recent advances in stream and river temperature research. Hydrological Processes 22: 902-918. (Pubitemid 351454769)
    • (2008) Hydrological Processes , vol.22 , Issue.7 , pp. 902-918
    • Webb, B.W.1    Hannah, D.M.2    Moore, R.D.3    Brown, L.E.4    Nobilis, F.5
  • 147
    • 0031076325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term perspective on the nature of the air-water temperature relationship: A case study
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199702)11:2<137::AID-HYP405>3.0.CO;2-2
    • Webb, B. W., and F. Nobilis. 1997. Long-term perspective on the nature of the air-water temperature relationship: a case study. Hydrological Processes 11: 137-147. (Pubitemid 27436792)
    • (1997) Hydrological Processes , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-147
    • Webb, B.W.1    Nobilis, F.2
  • 148
    • 33747586378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warming and earlier spring increases western U.S. forest wildfire activity
    • Westerling, A. L., H. G. Hidalgo, D. R. Cayan, and T. W. Swetnam. 2006. Warming and earlier spring increases western U.S. forest wildfire activity. Science 313: 940-943.
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 940-943
    • Westerling, A.L.1    Hidalgo, H.G.2    Cayan, D.R.3    Swetnam, T.W.4
  • 150
    • 0037737808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of climate and vegetation change in shaping past and future fire regimes in the northwestern US and the implications for ecosystem management
    • DOI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00051-3
    • Whitlock, C., S. L. Shafer, and J. Marlon. 2003. The role of climate and vegetation change in shaping past and future fire regimes in the northwestern US and the implications for ecosystem management. Forest Ecology and Management 178: 5-21. (Pubitemid 36631753)
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.178 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 5-21
    • Whitlock, C.1    Shafer, S.L.2    Marlon, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.