Investigation on wear mechanism of thermochemically fabricated W-Cu composites

Wear

Volumn 269, Issue 5-6, 2010, Pages 405-415

  Hashempour, M ^a   Razavizadeh, H ^a   Rezaie, H ^a  

^a IRAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Iran)

Author keywords

Electrical contacts; Electron microscopy; Metal matrix composite; Wear testing

Indexed keywords

BRANCHED CRACKS; COPRECIPITATION METHOD; CRACK NUCLEATION; CUT-OFF; CYCLIC DEFORMATIONS; DEEP GROOVE; ELECTRICAL CONTACTS; FRICTION COEFFICIENTS; HYDROGEN ATMOSPHERE; MECHANICALLY MIXED LAYERS; METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES; NANOCOMPOSITE POWDER; NORMAL LOADS; PIN-ON-DISC APPARATUS; PULL OUT; SUB-SURFACES; THEORETICAL DENSITY; W-CU COMPOSITES; WEAR MECHANISMS; WEAR RATES; WEAR TEST; WEAR-TESTING; WORK HARDENING;

CRACKS; DEFORMATION; ELECTRIC CONTACTS; FRICTION; METAL TESTING; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; STRAIN HARDENING; SURFACES; TRIBOLOGY; TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS;

METALLIC MATRIX COMPOSITES;

EID: 77954310167     PISSN: 00431648     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2010.04.026     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Nielsen L.F. Composite Materials 2005, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg.
2. Kainer K.U. Metal Matrix Composites 2006, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
3. Caceres P.G. Effect of microstructure on the abrasive wear properties of infiltrated tungsten alloys. Mater. Charact. 2002, 49:1-9.
4. Nayeb-Hashemi H., Vaziri A., Ziemer K. Wear resistance of Cu-18vol.% Nb (P/M) composites. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2008, 478(1-2):390-396.
5. Budruk Abhijeet S., Balasubramaniam R., Gupta M. Corrosion behaviour of Mg-Cu and Mg-Mo composites in 3.5% NaCl. Corros. Sci. 2008, 50:2423-2428.
6. Zhao H., Liu L., Wu Y., Hu W. Investigation on wear and corrosion behavior of Cu-graphite composites prepared by electroforming. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2007, 67:1210-1217.
7. Rupesh S.D., Maa Y.-R., Chougule B.K. Effective dielectric and magnetic properties of (Ni-Co-Cu)ferrite/BTO composites. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2009, 115:263-268.
8. Deshpande P.K., Li J.H., Lin R.Y. Infrared processed Cu composites reinforced with WC particles. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2006, 429:58-65.
9. Bregel T., Krauss-Vogt W., Michal R., Saeger K.E. On the application of W/Cu materials in the fields of power engineering and plasma technology. IEEE Trans. Compon. Hybr. Manuf. Technol. 1991, 14(1).
10. German R.M., Hens K.F., Johnson J.L. Powder metallurgy processing of thermal management materials for microelectronic applications. Int. J. Powder Metall. 1994, 30:205.
11. Nigarura S., Desrosiers L. High performance tungsten-copper composites for electrical contacts. Met. Powder Rep. 1998, 53:37.
12. Davim J.P., Maranhão C., Cabral G., Grácio J. Performance of cutting tools in machining Cu/W alloys for application in EDM electrodes. Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 2009, 27:676-682.
13. Wang W.F. Effect of tungsten particle size and copper content on working behaviour of W-Cu alloy electrodischarge machining. Powder Metall. 1997, 40(4):295-300.
14. Le G.G., Ha G.H., Kim B.K. Synthesis of high density ultrafine W/Cu composite alloy by mechanothermochemical process. Powder Metall. 2000, 43:79.
15. Raghu T., Sundaresan R., Ramakrishnan P., Rama Mohan T.R. Synthesis of nanocrystalline copper-tungsten alloys by mechanical alloying. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2001, 304/306:438-441.
16. Kim J.C., Ryu S.S., Moon I.H. Nanostructural characteristics and sintering behavior of W-Cu composite powder prepared by mechanical alloying. J. Adv. Mater. 1999, 31(4):37-44.
17. Cheng J., Lei C., Xiong E., Jiang Y., Xia Y. Preparation and characterization of W-Cu nanopowders by a homogeneous precipitation process. J. Alloys Compd. 2006, 421:146-150.
18. Ardestani M., Arabi H., Rezaie H.R., Razavizadeh H. Synthesis and densification of W-30wt%Cu composite powders using ammonium meta tungstate and copper nitrate as precursors. Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 2009, 27:796-800.
19. Wenge C., Zhanying K., Hongfang S., Bingjun D. Arc erosion behavior of a nanocomposite W-Cu electrical contact material. Rare Met. 2006, 25(1):37.
20. Wenge C., Zhanying K., Bingjun D. Preparation and arc breakdown behavior of anocrystalline W-Cu electrical contact materials. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2005, 21(6):875-878.
21. Lin Y.C., Wang S.W., Wu K.E. The wear behaviour of machine tool guideways clad with W-Ni, W-Co and W-Cu using gas tungsten arc welding. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2003, 172:158-165.
22. Deshpande P.K., Lin R.Y. Wear resistance of WC particle reinforced copper matrix composites and the effect of porosity. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2006, 418:137-145.
23. Hashempour M., Razavizadeh H., Rezaie H.R., Salehi M.T. Thermochemical preparation of W-25%Cu nanocomposite powder through a CVT mechanism. Mater. Charact. 2009, 60:1232-1240.
24. Hashempour M., Rezaie H.R., Razavizadeh H., Mehrjoo H., Salehi M.T., Ardestani M. Investigation on fabrication of W-Cu nanocomposite via a thermochemical co-precipitation method and its consolidation behavior. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Diffusion in Solids and Liquids (DSL) 2009.
25. A. Stolarski, Tribology in Machine Design, Butterworth-Heinemann Pub., UK, First published 1990, Reprinted 2000.
26. Prasad S.V., Rohatgi P.K., Kosel T.H. Mechanisms of material removal during low stress and high stress abrasion of aluminum alloy-zircon particle composites. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1986, 80(2):213-220.
27. Stachowiak G.W., Batchelor A.W. Engineering Tribology 2005, Butterworth-Heinemann Pub. Second ed.
28. Lu D., Gu M., Shi Z. Materials transfer and formation of mechanically mixed layer in dry sliding wear of metal matrix composites against steel. Tribol. Lett. 1999, 6:57-61.
29. Ghazali M.J. Effect of slider materials on the nano-characteristics of the mechanical mixed layer of worn wrought Al-alloys. J. Nanosai. Nanoteknol. 2009, 2(1):32-37.
30. Ludema K.C. Friction, Wear, Lubrication; A Textbook in Tribology 1996, CRC Press LLC, US.
31. Zhan Y., Zhang G. Friction and wear behavior of copper matrix composites reinforced with SiC and graphite particles. Tribol. Lett. 2004, 17(1):91-98.
32. Pramila Bai B.N., Biswas S.K. Effect of load on dry sliding wear of aluminum-silicon alloys. Trans. ASLE 1986, 29:116-120.
33. Pramila Bai B.N., Biswas S.K. Mechanism of wear in dry sliding of a hypoeutectic aluminum alloy. Lubr. Eng. 1987, 43(1):57-61.
34. Wilson S., Ball A. Advances in Composites Tribology, Performance of Metal Matrix Composites under Various Tribological Conditions 1993, vol. 8. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 311.
35. Blau P.J. The significance and use of the friction coefficient. Tribol. Int. 2001, 34(9):585-591.
36. Rosenberger M.R., Schvezov C.E., Forlerer E. Wear of different aluminum matrix composites under conditions that generate a mechanically mixed layer. Wear 2005, 259:590-601.
37. Rosenberger M.R., Forlerer E., Schvezov C.E. Wear behavior of AA1060 reinforced with alumina under different loads. Wear 2009, 266:356-359.
38. Ghazali M.J., Rainforth W.M., Omar M.Z. A comparative study of mechanically mixed layers (MMLs) characteristics of commercial aluminium alloys sliding against alumina and steel sliders. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 2008, 201:662-668.
39. Venkataraman B., Sundararajan G. Correlation between the characteristics of the mechanically mixed layer and wear behaviour of aluminium, Al-7075 alloy and Al-MMCs. Wear 2000, 245:22-38.
40. Riahi A.R., Alpas A.T. The role of tribo-layers on the sliding wear behavior of graphitic aluminum matrix composites. Wear 2001, 250-251(2):1396-1407.
41. Singh J.B., Cai W., Bellon P. Dry sliding of Cu-15 wt%Ni-8 wt%Sn bronze: wear behaviour and microstructures. Wear 2007, 263:830-841.
42. Zhan Y.Z., Zhang G. Mechanical mixing and wear-debris formation in the dry sliding wear of copper matrix composite. Tribol. Lett. 2004, 17(3):581-592.
43. Schell J., Heilmann P., Rigney D.A. Friction and wear of Cu-Ni alloys. Wear 1982, 75:205-220.
44. Venkataraman B., Sundararajan G. The sliding wear behaviour of Al-SiC particulate composites-II. The characterization of subsurface deformation and correlation with wear behavior. Acta Mater. 1996, 44:461-473.
45. Alpas A.T., Zhang J. Effect of Sic particulate reinforcement on the dry sliding wear of aluminiumsilicon alloys (A356). Wear 1992, 155:83-104.
46. Lepper K., James M., Chashechkina J., Rigney D.A. Sliding behavior of selected aluminum alloys. Wear 1997, 203-204:46-56.
47. Bayer R.G. Mechanical Wear Fundamentals and Testing 2004, CRC Press, US. 2nd ed.
48. Roy D., Singh S.S., Basu B., Lojkowski W., Mitra R., Manna I. Studies on wear behavior of nano-intermetallic reinforced Al-base amorphous/nanocrystalline matrix in situ composite. Wear 2009, 266(11-12):1113-1118.
49. J. Sadowski, Thermal-mechanical bases of oxidizing wear associated with external friction of metals, Thesis qualifying for assistant-professorship, Radom, 1984, in Polish.
50. Quinn T.F.J. Review of oxidational wear: Part I: the origins of oxidational wear. Tribol. Int. 1983, 16(5):257-271.
51. Quinn T.F.J. Review of oxidational wear. Part II: recent developments and future trends in oxidational wear research. Tribol. Int. 1983, 16(6):305-315.
52. Czupryk W. Frictional transfer of iron in oxidative wear conditions during lubricated sliding. Wear 2000, 237:288-294.
53. Askeland D.R. The Science & Engineering of Materials 1994, PWS Publishing Company, Boston, US. 3rd ed.
54. Yuvaraja C., Sharma K.V. A study of transition wear behavior of alumina particle reinforced Al-6061 MMCs. J. Reinforced Plast. Comp. 2009, 28:2903.
55. Lim S.C., Ashby M.F., Brunton J.H. Wear-rate transitions and their relationship to wear mechanisms. Acta Metall. 1987, 35(6):1343-1348.
56. Zhang J., Alpas T.A. Delamination wear of ductile materials containing second phase particles. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 1993, 160:25-35.
57. How H.C., Baker T.N. Characterisation of sliding friction induced subsurface deformation of Saffil-reinforced AA6061composites. Wear 1999, 232:106-115.
58. Gui M., Kang S.B., Lee J.M. Wear of spray deposited Al-6Cu-Mn alloy under dry sliding condition. Wear 2000, 240:186-198.
59. Rigney D.A. Proceedings of ASM International Conference on Wear of Engineering Materials 1998, Ohio, Materials Park, pp. 3.
60. Shih C.Y., Rigney D.A. Sliding friction and wear of Sn, In and Pb coated 52100 steel. Wear of Materials: International Conference on Wear of Materials 1989, 563-573.
61. Chen L.H., Rigney D.A. Transfer during unlubricated sliding wear of selected metal systems. Wear of Materials, International Conference on Wear of Materials 1985, 437-446.
62. Wear-Materials, Mechanisms and Practice 2005, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, England, Reprinted with corrections May 2006. G.W. Stachowiak (Ed.).
63. Martin A., Martinez M.A., LLorca J. Wear of SiC-reinforced Al-matrix composites in the temperature range 20-200°C. Wear 1996, 193:169-179.
64. Li X.Y., Tandon K.N. Microstructural characterization of mechanically mixed layer and wear debris in sliding wear of an Al alloy and an Al based composite. Wear 2000, 245:148-161.
65. Rigney D.A., Chen L.H., Naylor M.G.S., Rosenfield A.R. Wear processes in sliding systems. Wear 1984, 100:195.
66. Rosenfield A.R. A shear instability model of sliding wear. Wear 1987, 116:319.
67. Alexeyev N.M. On the motion of material in the border layer in solid state friction. Wear 1990, 139:33-48.
68. Pramila Bai B.N., Biswas S.K. Subsurface deformation in dry sliding of hypo-eutectic Al-Si alloys. J. Mater. Sci. 1984, 19:3588-3592.