Two contrasting H2O-rich components in primary melt inclusions from Mount Shasta

Journal of Petrology

Volumn 51, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 1571-1595

  Le Voyer, M ^a   Rose Koga, E F ^a   Shimizu, N ^b   Grove, T L ^c   Schiano, P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ BLAISE PASCAL   (France)

^b WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

^c MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Arc magmatism; Boron isotopes; Cascades arc; Geochemistry; Melt inclusions; Mount Shasta; Subduction; Volatile elements

Indexed keywords

ANDESITE; BORON ISOTOPE; DACITE; GEOCHEMISTRY; LAVA; MAGMATISM; MELT INCLUSION; SUBDUCTION; VOLATILE ELEMENT;

CALIFORNIA; CASCADE RANGE; MOUNT SHASTA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 77954282792     PISSN: 00223530     EISSN: 14602415     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/petrology/egq030     Document Type: Article

References (126)

1. Alletti, M., Baker, D. R. & Freda, C. (2007). Halogen diffusion in a basaltic melt. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71, 3570-3580.
2. Anderson, A. T. (1973). The before-eruption water content of some high-alumina magmas. Bulletin of Volcanology 37, 530-522.
3. Anderson, A. T. (1974a). Chlorine, sulfur and water in magmas and oceans. Geological Society of America Bulletin 85, 1485-1492.
4. Anderson, A. T. (1974b). Evidence for a picritic, volatile-rich magma beneath Mt. Shasta, California. Journal of Petrology 15,243-267.
5. Anderson, A. T. (1976). Magma mixing: petrological process and volcanological tool. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 1, 3-33.
6. Anderson, A. T. (1979).Water in some hypersthenic magmas. Journal of Geology 87, 509-531.
7. Baker, M. B. (1988). Evolution of lavas at Mt. Shasta volcano, N. California: an experimental and petrological study. Boston, MA: PhDthesis, MIT, 356 p.
8. Baker, M. B. & Stolper, E. M. (1994). Determining the composition of high-pressure mantle melts using diamond aggregates. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58, 2811-2827.
9. Baker, M. B., Grove, T. L., Kinzler, R. J., Donnelly-Nolan, J. M. & Wandless, G. A. (1991). Origin of compositional zonation (high-alumina basalt to basaltic andesite) in the Giant Crater lava field, Medicine Lake volcano, northern California. Journal of Geophysical Research 96, 21819-21842.
10. Baker, M. B., Grove, T. L. & Price, R. (1994). Primitive basalts and andesites from the Mt. Shasta region, N. California: products of varying melt fraction and water content. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 118,111-129.
11. Baker, M. B., Hirschmann, M. M., Ghiorso, M. S. & Stolper, E. M. (1995). Composition of near-solidus peridotite melts from experiments and thermodynamic calculations. Nature 375, 308-311.
12. Barr, J. A., Grove, T. L. & Elkins-Tanton, L. T. (2007). Comment on 'High-magnesian andesites from Mount Shasta: a product of magma mixing and contamination, not a primitive melt' Streck, M. J., Leeman, W. P., Chelsey, J. Geology 35, e147-e148.
13. Barr, J. A., Grove,T. L. & Carlson, R.W. (2008). Primitive subduction zone magmatism at Mt. Shasta, California: Geochemical and petrologic characteristics of hydrous mantle derived melts. EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting Supplement 89, Abstract V33C-2226.
14. Bartels, K. S., Kinzler, R. J. & Grove, T. L. (1991). High pressure phase relations of primitive high-alumina basalts from Medicine Lake volcano, northern California. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 108, 253-270.
15. Benjamin, E. R., Plank, T., Wade, J. A., Kelley, K. A., Hauri, E. H. & Alvarado, G. E. (2007). High water contents in basaltic magmas from Iraz Volcano, Costa Rica. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 168,68-92.
16. Bertagnini, A., Métrich, N., Landi, P. & Rosi, M. (2003). Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy): An open window on the deep-feeding system of a steady state basaltic volcano. Journal of Geophysical Research 108, doi:10.1029/2002JB002146.
17. Bouvier, A.-S., Métrich, N. & Deloule, E. (2008). Slab-derived fluids in the magma sources of St. Vincent (Lesser Antilles arc): Volatile and light element imprints. Journal of Petrology 49, 1427-1448.
18. Brenan, H. F., Shaw, J. M., Reyrson, D. L. & Phinney, (1995). Mineral-aqueous fluid partitioning of trace elements at 900°C and 2·0 GPa: constraints on the trace element chemistry of mantle and deep crustal fluids. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59, 3331-3350.
19. 2O in subduction-zone magmatism: New insights from melt inclusions in high-Mg basalts from central Mexico. Geology 31, 235-238.
20. Chaussidon, M. & Marty, B. (1995). Primitive boron isotope composition of the mantle. Science 269, 383-386.
21. Christiansen, R. L., Kleinhampl, F. J., Blakely, R. J., Tuchek, E. T., Johnson, F. L. & Conyac, M. D. (1977). Resource appraisal of the Mt. Shasta wilderness study area, Siskiyou County, California. US Geological Survey, Open-file Report 53,77-250.
22. Conrey, R. M., Sherrod, D. R., Hooper, P. R. & Swanson, D. A. (1997). Diverse primitive magmas in the Cascade arc, northern Oregon and southern Washington. Canadian Mineralogist 35, 367-396.
23. Cottrell, E., Spiegelman, M. & Langmuir, C. H. (2002). Consequences of diffusive reequilibration for the interpretation of melt inclusions. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 3, doi:10.1029/2001GC000205.
24. Cross, W., Iddings, J. P., Pirsson, L. V. & Washington, H. S. (1903). Quantitative Classification of Igneous Rocks.Chicago,IL:Universityof Chicago Press.
25. Dalou, C., Koga, K. T. & Shimizu, N. (2009). Chlorine and fluorine partitioning between peridotite and basalt at mantle wedge conditions: Implications for arc magma source, AGU Fall Meeting.
26. Danyushevsky, L. V., Della-Pasqua, F. N. & Sokolov, S. (2000). Reequilibration of melt inclusions trapped by magnesian olivine phenocrysts from subduction-related magmas: petrological implications. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 138,68-83.
27. Danyushevsky, L. V., McNeill, A. W. & Sobolev, A. V. (2002). Experimental and petrological studies of melt inclusions in phenocrysts from mantle-derived magmas: an overview of techniques, advantages and complications. Chemical Geology 183,5-24.
28. Elkins-Tanton, L. T. & Grove, T. L. (2003). Evidence for deep melting of hydrous metasomatized mantle: Pliocene high-potassium magmas from the Sierra Nevada. Journal of Geophysical Research 108,1-18.
29. Elliott, T. (2003). Tracers of the slab. In: Eiler, J. M. (ed.) Inside the Subduction Factory. Geophysical Monograph, American Geophysical Union 138, 23-43.
30. Elliott, T., Jeffcoate, A. & Bouman, C. (2004). The terrestrial Li isotope cycle: light-weight constraints on mantle convection. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 220,231-245.
31. Ertan, I. E. & Leeman, W. P. (1996). Metasomatism of Cascades subarc mantle: evidence from a rare phlogopite orthopyroxenite xenolith. Geology 24, 77-105.
32. Fahey, A. J., Zinner, E. K., Crozaz, G. & Kornacki, A. S. (1987). Microdistributions of Mg isotopes and REE abundances in a Type A calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion from Efremovka. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51, 3215-3229.
33. Falloon, T. J. & Green, D. H. (1988). Anhydrous partial melting of peridotite from 8 to 35 kb and the petrogenesis of MORB. Journal of Petrology 29, 379-414.
34. Faure, F. & Schiano, P. (2005). Experimental investigation of equilibration conditions during forsterite growth and melt inclusion formation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, 882-898.
35. Fuis, G. S., Zucca, J. J., Mooney,W. D. & Milkereit, B. (1987). A geologic interpretation of seismic-refraction results in northeastern California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 98,53-65.
36. Gaetani, G. A. & Grove, T. L. (1998). The influence of water on melting of mantle peridotite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 131, 323-346.
37. Gill, J. G. (1981). Orogenic Andesites and Plate Tectonics. New York: Springer.
38. Gioncada, A., Clocchiatti, R., Sbrana, A., Bottazzi, P., Massare, D. & Ottolini, L. (1998). A study of melt inclusions at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy): insights on the primitive magmas and on the volcanic feeding system. Bulletin of Volcanology 60, 286-306.
39. Green, N. L. & Harry, D. L. (1999). On the relationship between subducted slab age and arc basalt petrogenesis, Cascadia subduction system, North America. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 171, 367-381.
40. 2O-rich fluid component in the generation of primitive basaltic andesites and andesites from the Mt. Shasta region, N California. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 142, 375-396.
41. Grove, T. L., Elkins-Tanton, L. T., Parman, S. W., Chatterjee, N., Müntener, O. & Gaetani, G. A. (2003). Fractional crystallization and mantle-melting controls on calc-alkaline differentiation trends. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 145, 515 -533.
42. 2O-rich mantle melts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 148, 542-565.
43. Hauri, E. (2002). SIMS analysis of volatiles in silicate glasses, 2: isotopes and abundances in Hawaiian melt inclusions. Chemical Geology 183,115-141.
44. Hirose, K. & Kushiro, I. (1993). Partial melting of dry peridotites at high pressures: Determination of compositions of melts segregated from peridotite using aggregates of diamond. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 114, 477-489.
45. Hofmann, A. W. (1988). Chemical differentiation of the Earth: the relationship between mantle, continental crust, and oceanic crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 90, 297-314.
46. 2: a model for melting of a hydrous mineral with a mixed-volatile fluidçI. Experimental results to 8 kbar. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 37, 651-666.
47. Ishikawa, T. & Nakamura, E. (1992). Boron isotope geochemistry of the oceanic crust from DSDP/ODP Hole 504B. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 56, 1633-1639.
48. Ishikawa, T. & Nakamura, E. (1993). Boron isotope systematics of marine sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 117, 567-580.
49. Jarosewich, E., Parkes, A. S. & Wiggins, L. B. (1979). Microprobe analyses of four natural glasses and one mineral: an interlaboratory study of precision and accuracy. Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences 22, 53-67.
50. Jicha, B., Hart, G., Johnson, C., Hildreth, W., Beard, B., Shirey, S. & Valley, J. (2009). Isotopic and trace element constraints on the petrogenesis of lavas from the Mount Adams volcanic field, Washington. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 157, 189-207.
51. Jochum, K.P., Stoll, B. et al. (2006). MPI-DING reference glasses for in situ microanalysis: New reference values for element concentrations and isotope ratios. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 7, doi:10.1029/2005GC001060.
52. Johnson, M. C. & Plank, T. (1999). Dehydration and melting experiments constrain the fate of subducted sediments. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 1.
53. Johnson, E. R., Wallace, P. J., Delgano Granados, H., Manea, V. C., Kent, A. J. R., Bindeman, I. N. & Donegan, C. S. (2009). Subduction-related volatile recycling and magma generation beneath central Mexico: Insights from melt inclusions, oxygen isotopes and geodynamical models. Journal of Petrology 50,1729-1764.
54. Jugo, P. J., Luth, R. W. & Richards, J. P. (2005). Experimental data on the speciation of sulfur as a function of oxygen fugacity in basaltic melts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69,497-503.
55. Kamenetsky, V. & Clocchiatti, R. (1996). Primitive magmatism of Mt. Etna: insights from mineralogy and melt inclusions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 142,553-572.
56. Kessel, R., Schmidt, M. W., Ulmer, P. & Pettke, T. (2005). Trace element signature of subduction-zone fluids, melts and supercritical liquids at 120-180 km depth. Nature 437, 724-727.
57. Kushiro, I. (1996). Partial melting of a fertile mantle peridotite at high pressures: an experimental study using aggregates of diamond. In: Basu, A. & Hart, S. (eds) Earth Processes: Reading the Isotopic Code. Geophysical Monograph, American Geophysical Union 95, 109-022.
58. Laporte, D., Toplis, M. J., Seyler, M. & Devidal, J.-L. (2004). A new experimental technique for extracting liquids from peridotite at very low degrees of melting: application to partial melting of depleted peridotite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 146, 463-384.
59. Laubier, M., Schiano, P., Doucelance, R., Ottolini, L. & Laporte, D. (2007). Olivine-hosted melt inclusions and melting processes beneath the FAMOUS zone (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Chemical Geology 240,129-150.
60. Le Voyer, M. (2009). Ro" le des fluides dans la gene' se des magmas d'arcs: analyses in situ des éléments volatils et des isotopes du bore dans les inclusions magmatiques des olivines primitives. Clermont-Ferrand: PhD thesis, Blaise Pascal University, 276 p.
61. Le Voyer, M., Rose-Koga, E. F., Laubier, M. & Schiano, P. (2008). Petrogenesis of arc lavas from the Rucu Pichincha and Pan de Azucar volcanoes (Ecuadorian arc): Major, trace element, and boron isotope evidences from olivine-hosted melt inclusions. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 9, doi:10.1029/2008GC002173.
62. Leeman, W. P., Tonarini, S., Chan, L. H. & Borg, L. E. (2004). Boron and lithium isotopic variations in a hot subduction zoneçthe southern Washington Cascades. Chemical Geology 212,101-124.
63. Leeman, W. P., Lewis, J. F., Evarts, R. C., Conrey, R. M. & Streck, M. J. (2005). Petrologic constraints on the thermal structure of the Cascades arc. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 140, 67-105.
64. Luhr, J. F. & Haldar, D. (2006). Barren Island Volcano (NE Indian Ocean): Island-arc high-alumina basalts produced by troctolite contamination. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 149, 177-212.
65. MacDonald, G. A. (1966). Geology of the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau. In: Bailey, E. H. (ed.) Geology of Northern California. California Division of Mines Bulletin 190, 65-95.
66. Magna, T., Wiechert, U., Grove, T. L. & Halliday, A., N. (2006). Lithium isotope fractionation in the southern Cascadia subduction zone. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 250, 428-443.
67. 2O concentrations. Chemical Geology 183, 87-98.
68. Mathez, E. A. & Webster, J. D. (2005). Partitioning behavior of chlorine and fluorine in the system apatite-silicate melt-fluid. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69,1275-1286.
69. 2O on the olivine liquidus of basaltic melts: experiments and thermodynamic models. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 155, 417-432.
70. Médard, E., Schmidt, M. W., Schiano, P. & Ottolini, L. (2006). Melting of amphibole-bearing wehrlites; an experiment study on the origin of ultra-calcic nepheline-normative melts. Journal of Petrology 47, 481-504.
71. Métrich, N. & Wallace, P. J. (2008). Volatile abundances in basaltic magmas and their degassing paths tracked by melt inclusions. In: Putirka, K. D. & Tepley, F. J., III (eds) Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic Processes. Mineralogical Society of America and Geochemical Society, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochimistry 69, 364-402.
72. 2O-Cl-S rich basaltic magma. Evidence from melt inclusions. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 59,131-144.
73. Métrich, N., Allard, P., Spilliaert, N., Andronico, D. & Burton, M. (2004). 2001 flank eruption of the alkali-and volatile-rich primitive basalt responsible for Mount Etna's evolution in the last three decades. Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters 224,1-17.
74. 2 solution model written in Visual Basic for Excel. Computers and Geosciences 28, 597-604.
75. O'Hara, M. J. (1968). The bearing of phase equilibria studies in synthetic and natural systems on the origin and evolution of basic and ultrabasic rocks. Earth-Science Reviews 4,60-133.
76. Palmer, M. R., Spivack, A. J. & Edmond, J. M. (1987). Temperature and pH controls over isotopic fractionation during adsorption of boron on marine clay. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51, 2319-2323.
77. 10B between tourmaline and aqueous vapor: A temperature-and pressure-dependent isotopic system. Chemical Geology 101,123-129.
78. Peacock, S. M. (2004). Thermal Structure and Metamorphic Evolution of Subducting Slabs. In: Eiler, J. (ed.) Inside the Subduction Factory. Geophysical Monograph, American Geophysical Union 138, 7-22.
79. Peacock, S. M. & Hervig, R. L. (1999). Boron isotopic composition of subduction-zone metamorphic rocks. Chemical Geology 160, 281-290.
80. Peate, D. W. & Pearce, J. A. (1998). Causes of spatial compositional variations in Mariana arc lavas: Trace element evidence. Island Arc 7, 479-495.
81. Peccerillo, P. & Taylor, S. R. (1976). Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, northern Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 58, 63-81.
82. Pilet, S., Baker, M. B. & Stolper, E. M. (2007). Experimental constraints on the origin of OIBs. Geophysical Research Abstracts 9, 04613.
83. Plank,T. & Langmuir, C. H. (1998). The chemical composition of subducting sediment and its consequences for the crust and mantle. Chemical Geology 145, 325-394.
84. 2O, S, Cl, F) and trace elements in melt inclusions from the Kamchatka Arc. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 255, 53-69.
85. Rapp, R. P. & Watson, E. B. (1995). Dehydration melting of metaba-salt at 8-32 kbar: Implications for continental growth and crust-mantle recycling. Journal of Petrology 36, 891-931.
86. Righter, K. (2000). A comparison of basaltic volcanism in the Cascades and western Mexico: compositional diversity in continental arcs.Tectonophysics 318,99-117.
87. Roedder, E. (ed.) (1984). Fluid Inclusions. Mineralogical Society of America, Reviews in Mineralogy 12.
88. Roggensack, K., Hervig, R. L., McKnight, S. B. & Williams, S. N. (1997). Explosive basaltic volcanism from Cerro Negro volcano: Influence of volatiles on eruptive style. Science 12,1639-1642.
89. Rose, E. F., Shimizu, N., Layne, G. D. & Grove, T. L. (2001). Melt production beneath Mt. Shasta from boron data in primitive melt inclusions. Science 293, 281-283.
90. Rose-Koga, E. F., Shimizu, N., Devidal, J.-L., Koga, K. T., Le Voyer, M. & Döbeli, M. (2008). Investigation of F, S and Cl standards by ion probe and electron microprobe. EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting Supplement 89, Abstract V31B-2145.
91. Saal, A. E., Hauri, E. H., Langmuir, C. H. & Perfit, M. R. (2002). Vapour undersaturation in primitive mid-ocean-ridge basalt and the volatile content of Earth's upper mantle. Nature 419, 451-455.
92. Schiano, P. (2003). Primitive mantle magmas recorded as silicate melt inclusions in igneous minerals. Earth-Science Reviews 63, 121-144.
93. Schiano, P. & Bourdon, B. (1999). On the preservation of mantle information in ultramafic nodules: glass inclusions within minerals versus interstitial glasses. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 169, 173-188.
94. Schiano, P., Eiler, J. M., Hutcheon, I. D. & Stolper, E. M. (2000). Primitive CaO-rich, silica-undersaturated melts in island arcs: Evidence for the involvement of clinopyroxene-rich lithologies in the petrogenesis of arc magmas. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 1, doi:10.1029/1999GC000032.
95. Schiano, P., Clocchiatti, R., Ottolini, L. & Sbrana, A. (2004). The relationship between potassic, calc-alkaline and Na-alkaline magmatism in South Italy volcanoes: A melt inclusion approach. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 220,121-137.
96. Schmidt, M. E., Grunder, A. L. & Rowe, M. C. (2008). Segmentation of the Cascade Arc as indicated by Sr and Nd isotopic variation among diverse primitive basalts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 266, 166-181.
97. Sen, C. & Dunn,T. (1994). Dehydration melting of a basaltic composition amphibolite at 1·5 and 2·0 GPa: implications for the origin of adakites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 117, 394-409.
98. 2O loss from melt inclusions during laboratory heating: Evidence from Raman spectroscopy. Chemical Geology 237, 358-371.
99. 2-rich komatiitic melt inclusions in Cr-spinels within beach sand from Gorgona Island, Colombia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 299,33-43.
100. Sisson, T. W. & Grove, T. L. (1993). Experimental investigations of the role of H2O in calc-alkaline differentiation and subduction zone magmatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 113, 143-166.
101. Smith, D. R. & Leeman, W. P. (2005). Chromian spinel-olivine phase chemistry and the origin of primitive basalts of the southern Washington Cascades. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 140, 49-66.
102. 2O concentrations in primary melts from supra-subduction zones and mid-ocean ridges: Implications for H2O storage and recycling in the mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 137, 45-55.
103. Sobolev, A.V. & Danyushevsky, L.V. (1994). Petrology and geochemistry of boninites from the north termination of the Tonga Trench: constraints on the generation conditions of primary high-Ca boninite magmas. Journal of Petrology 35, 1183-1213.
104. Spandler, C., O'Neill, H. S. C. & Kamenetsky, V. S. (2007). Survival times of anomalous melt inclusions from element diffusion in olivine and chromite. Nature 447, 303-306.
105. Spilliaert, N., Métrich, N. & Allard, P. (2006). S-Cl-F degassing pattern of water-rich alkali basalt: Modelling and relationship with eruption styles on Mount Etna volcano. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 248, 772-786.
106. Spivack, A. J. & Edmond, J. M. (1987). Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51, 1033-1043.
107. Stolper, E. M. & Newman, S. (1994). The role of water in the petrogenesis of Mariana trough magmas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 121, 293-325.
108. Straub, S. M. & Layne, G. D. (2003). The systematics of chlorine, fluorine, and water in Izu arc front volcanic rocks: Implications for volatile recycling in subduction zones. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67, 4179-4203.
109. Streck, M. J., Leeman, W. P. & Chesley, J. (2007). High-magnesian andesite from Mount Shasta: A product of magma mixing and contamination, not a primitive mantle melt. Geology 35, 351-354.
110. Streck, M. J., Leeman, W. P. & Chesley, J. (2008). Reply to the comment on 'High-magnesian andesites from Mount Shasta: a product of magma mixing and contamination, not a primitive melt' Streck, M. J., Leeman, W. P., Chelsey, J. Geology 35, e147-e148.
111. Sugawara, T. (2000). Empirical relationships between temperature, pressure, and MgO content in olivine and pyroxene saturated liquid. Journal of Geophysical Research 105, 8457-8472.
112. Tatsumi, Y. & Eggins, S. (1995). Subduction Zone Magmatism. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
113. Toplis, M. J. (2005). The thermodynamics of iron and magnesium partitioning between olivine and liquid: criteria for assessing and predicting equilibrium in natural and experimental systems. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 149, 22-39.
114. Vigouroux, N., Wallace, P. J. & Kent, A. J. R. (2008).Volatiles in high-K magmas from the westernTrans-MexicanVolcanic Belt: evidence for fluid fluxing and extreme enrichment of the mantle wedge by subduction processes. Journal of Petrology 49, 1589-1618.
115. Wade,J.A.,Plank,T.,Melson,W.G.,Soto,G.J.&Hauri,E.H. (2006). The volatile content of magmas from Arenal volcano, Costa Rica. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 157,94-120.
116. Walker, J. A., Roggensack, K., Patino, L. C., Cameron, B. I. & Matias, O. (2003). The water and trace element contents of melt inclusions across an active subduction zone. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 146, 62-77.
117. Wallace, P. J. (2005). Volatiles in subduction zone magmas: concentrations and fluxes based on melt inclusion and volcanic gas data. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 140, 217-240.
118. Watson, J. B., Sneeringer, M. A. & Ross, A. (1982). Diffusion of dissolved carbonate in magmas: experimental results and applications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 61, 346-358.
119. Webster, J. D. (2004). The exsolution of magmatic hydrosaline chloride liquids. Chemical Geology 210, 33-48.
120. Webster, J. D.,Tappen, C. M. & Mandeville, C.W. (2009). Partitioning behavior of chlorine and fluorine in the system apatite-melt-fluid. II: Felsic silicate systems at 200 MPa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73, 559-581.
121. Williams, H. (1932a). Geology of the Lassen Volcanic National Park, California. California University, Department of Geology Scientific Bulletin 21,195-385.
122. Williams, H. (1932b). Mount Shasta, a Cascade volcano. Journal of Geology 45, 417-429.
123. Williams, H. (1934). Mount Shasta, California. Zeitschrift für Vulkanologie 15, 225-253.
124. Williams, H. (1949). Geology of Macdoel quadrangle (California). Californian Division of Mines Bulletin 151.
125. Williams, L. B., Hervig, R. L., Holloway, J. R. & Hutcheon, I. (2001). Boron isotope geochemistry during diagenesis. Part I. Experimental determination of fractionation during illitization of smectite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65, 1769-1782.
126. Wilson, D. S. (1988). Tectonic history of theJuan de Fuca ridge over the last 40 Million years. Journal of Geophysicals Research 93.