Swarm characteristics of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba relative to the proximity of land during summer in the Scotia Sea

Marine Ecology Progress Series

Volumn 409, Issue , 2010, Pages 157-170

  Klevjer, T A ^a   Tarling, G A ^b   Fielding, S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^b BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Acoustics; Distribution; Fishery; Penguins; Predation; Seals; Southern ocean; Vertical migration

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS; ECHO SOUNDER; PINNIPED; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; SEABIRD; SEASONALITY; SHORELINE; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; SWARMING; VERTICAL MIGRATION;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; SCOTIA SEA; SOUTHERN OCEAN;

DECAPODA (CRUSTACEA); EUPHAUSIA SUPERBA; EUPHAUSIACEA; SPHENISCIDAE;

EID: 77954141674     PISSN: 01718630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/meps08602     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Aksnes DL, Giske J (1993) A theoretical model of aquatic visual feeding. Ecol Model 67:233-250
2. Antezana T, Ray K (1983) Aggregation of Euphausia superba as an adaptive group strategy to the Antarctic ecosystem. Ber Polarforsch 4:199-215
3. Atkinson A, Siegel V, Pakhomov EA, Rothery P and others (2008) Oceanic circumpolar habitats of Antarctic krill. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 362:1-23
4. Boyd IL (2002) Estimating food consumption of marine predators: Antarctic fur seals and macaroni penguins. J Appl Ecol 39:103-119
5. Buchholz F (1991) Moult cycle and growth of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba in the laboratory. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 69:217-229
6. CCAMLR (Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources) (2009) Report of the fourth meeting of the subgroup on acoustic survey and analysis methods (Ancona, Italy, 25 to 28 May 2009). SC-CAMLRXXVIII/8
7. Coetzee J (2000) Use of a shoal analysis and patch estimation system (SHAPES) to characterize sardine schools. Aquat Living Resour 13:1-10
8. Conti SG, Demer DA (2006) Improved parameterization of the SDWBA for estimating krill target strength. ICES J Mar. Sci 63:928-935
9. Cox MJ, Demer DA, Warren JD, Cutter GR, Brierley AS (2009) Multibeam echosounder observations reveal interactions between Antarctic krill and air-breathing predators. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 378:199-209
10. Cresswell KA, Tarling GA, Burrows MT (2007) Behaviour affects local-scale distributions of Antarctic krill around South Georgia. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 343:193-206
11. Cresswell K, Tarling G, Thorpe S, Burrows M, Wiedemann J, Mangel M (2009) Diel vertical migration of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is flexible during advection across the Scotia Sea. J Plankton Res 31:1265-1281
12. Croll DA, Tershy BR, Hewitt RP, Demer DA and others (1998) An integrated approach to the foraging ecology of marine birds and mammals. Deep-Sea Res II 45:1353-1371
13. Croxall JP, Everson I, Kooyman GL, Ricketts C, Davis RW (1985) Fur-seal diving behavior in relation to vertical distribution of krill. J Anim Ecol 54:1-8
14. Croxall JP, Davis RW, O'Connell MJ (1988) Diving patterns in relation to diet of Gentoo and Macaroni penguins at South Georgia. Condor 90:157-167
15. Demer DA, Conti SG (2003) Validation of the stochastic distortedwave Born approximation model with broad bandwidth total target strength measurements of Antarctic krill. ICES J Mar. Sci 60:625-635
16. Demer DA, Conti SG (2005) New target-strength model indicates more krill in the Southern Ocean. ICES J Mar. Sci 62:25-32
17. Diner N (2001) Correction on school geometry and density: approach based on acoustic image simulation. Aquat Living Resour 14:211-222
18. Foote KG, Knudsen FR, Vestnes G, MacLennan DN, Simmonds EJ (1987) Calibration of acoustic instruments for fish density estimation: a practical guide. ICES Coop Res Rep 144
19. Godlewska M (1996) Vertical migrations of krill (Euphausia superba Dana). Pol Arch Hydrobiol 14:9-63
20. Hamner WM, Hamner PP (2000) Behavior of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba): schooling, foraging, and antipredatory behavior. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 57:192-202
21. Heinemann D, Hunt G, Everson I (1989) Relationships between the distributions of marine avian predators and their prey, Euphausia superba, in Bransfield Strait and southern Drake Passage, Antarctica. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 58:3-16
22. Hewitt RP, Demer DA (1993) Dispersion and abundance of Antarctic krill in the vicinity of Elephant Island in the 1992 austral summer. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 99:29-39
23. Hewitt RP, Watkins J, Naganobu M, Sushin V and others (2004) Biomass of Antarctic krill in the Scotia Sea in January/February 2000 and its use in revising an estimate of precautionary yield. Deep-Sea Res II 51:1215-1236
24. Hill S, Trathan P, Agnew D (2009) The risk to fishery performance associated with spatially resolved management of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) harvesting. ICES J Mar. Sci 66:2148-2154
25. Hofmann EE, Haskell A G E, Klinck JM, Lascara CM (2004) Lagrangian modelling studies of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) swarm formation. ICES J Mar. Sci 61:617-631
26. Hunt GL Jr, Heinemann D, Everson I (1992) Distributions and predator-prey interactions of macaroni penguins, Antarctic fur seals, and Antarctic krill near Bird Island, South Georgia. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 86:15-30
27. Ihaka R, Gentleman R (1996) R: a language for data analysis and graphics. J Comput Graph Statist 5:299-314
28. Kalinowski J, Witek Z (1985) Scheme for classifying Antarctic krill. BIOMASS Handb Ser 27:1-12
29. Korb RE, Whitehouse M (2004) Contrasting primary production regimes around South Georgia, Southern Ocean: large blooms versus high nutrient, low chlorophyll waters. Deep-Sea Res I 51:721-738
30. Krakauer DC (1995) Groups confuse predators by exploiting perceptual bottlenecks: a connectionist model of the confusion effect. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 36:421-429
31. Landeau L, Terborgh J (1986) Oddity and the confusion effect in predation. Anim Behav 34:1372-1380
32. Lascara CM, Hofmann EE, Ross RM, Quetin LB (1999) Seasonal variability in the distribution of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, west of the Antarctic Peninsula. Deep-Sea Res I 46:951-984
33. Lawson GL, Wiebe PH, Stanton TK, Ashjian CJ (2008a) Euphausiid distribution along the Western Antarctic Peninsula-Part A: development of robust multifrequency acoustic techniques to identify euphausiid aggregations and quantify euphausiid size, abundance and biomass. Deep-Sea Res II 55:412-431
34. Lawson GL, Wiebe PH, Ashjian CJ, Stanton TK (2008b) Euphausiid distribution along the Western Antarctic Peninsula-Part B: distribution of euphausiid aggregations and biomass, and associations with environmental features. Deep-Sea Res II 55:432-454
35. Mangel M (1988) Analysis and modelling of the Soviet Southern Ocean krill fleet. In: Selected scientific papers, 1988 (SC-CAMLRSSSP/5), Part I. CCAMLR, Hobart, Australia, p 127-236
36. McGehee DE, O'Driscoll RL, Traykovski L V M (1998) Effects of orientation on acoustic scattering from Antarctic krill at 120 kHz. Deep-Sea Res II 45:1273-1294
37. Meredith MP, Watkins JL, Murphy EJ, Cunningham NJ and others (2003a) An anticyclonic circulation above the Northwest Georgia Rise, Southern Ocean. Geophys Res Lett 30:2061 doi:10.1029/2003GL018039
38. Meredith MP, Watkins JL, Murphy EJ, Ward P and others (2003b) Southern ACC front to the northeast of South Georgia: pathways, characteristics, and fluxes. J Geophys Res Oceans 108:3162-3178
39. Miller D G M, Hampton I (1989a) Biology and ecology of the Antarctic krill, Vol 9. SCAR: Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research, Cambridge, UK
40. Miller D G M, Hampton I (1989b) Krill aggregation characteristics: spatial distribution patterns from hydroacoustic observations. Polar Biol 10:125-134
41. Miller D G M, Barange M, Klindt H, Murray A W A, Hampton I, Siegel V (1993) Antarctic krill aggregation characteristics from acoustic observations in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Biol 117:171-183
42. Mori Y, Boyd IL (2004) The behavioral basis for nonlinear functional responses and optimal foraging in Antarctic fur seals. Ecology 85:398-410
43. Murphy EJ, Watkins JL, Trathan PN, Reid K and others (2007) Spatial and temporal operation of the Scotia Sea ecosystem: a review of large-scale links in a krill centred food web. Phil Trans R Soc B 362:113-148
44. Murray AW, Watkins JL, Bone DG (1995) A biological acoustic survey in the marginal ice-edge zone of the Bellingshausen Sea. Deep-Sea Res II 42:1159-1175
45. Nicol S (1984) Population structure of daytime surface swarms of the euphausiid Meganyctiphanes norvegica in the Bay of Fundy. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 18:241-251
46. Nicol S (2006) Krill, currents and sea-ice: Euphausia superba and its changing environment. Bioscience 56:111-120
47. O'Brien DP (1987) Description of escape responses of krill (Crustacea, Euphausiacea), with particular reference to swarming behavior and the size and proximity of the predator. J Crustac Biol 7:449-457
48. Pauly T, Nicol S, Higginbottom I, Hosie G, Kitchener J (2000) Distribution and abundance of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) off East Antarctica (80-150°E) during the Austral summer of 1995/1996. Deep-Sea Res II 47:2465-2488
49. Pollard R, Sanders R, Lucas M, Statham P (2007) The Crozet natural iron bloom and EXport experiment (CROZEX). Deep-Sea Res II 54:1905-1914
50. Reid K, Sims M, White RW, Gillon KW (2004) Spatial distribution of predator/prey interactions in the Scotia Sea: implications for measuring predator/fisheries overlap. Deep-Sea Res II 51:1383-1396
51. Ricketts C, Watkins JL, Priddle J, Morris DJ, Buchholz F (1992) An assessment of the biological and acoustic characteristics of swarms of Antarctic krill. Deep-Sea Res I 39:359-371
52. Ringelberg J (1995) Changes in light intensity and diel vertical migration: a comparison of marine and freshwater environments. J Mar. Biol Assoc UK 75:15-25
53. Ritz D (1994) Social aggregations in pelagic invertebrates. Adv Mar. Biol 30:155-216
54. Ritz DA (2000) Is social aggregation in aquatic crustaceans a strategy to conserve energy? Can J Fish Aquat Sci 57:59-67
55. Ross RM, Quetin LB, Lascara CM (1996) Distribution of Antarctic krill and dominant zooplankton west of the Antarctic Peninsula. In: Ross RM et al. (ed) Foundations for ecological research west of the Antarctic Peninsula. AGU Antarctic research series. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, p 199-217
56. Siegel V (2000) Krill (Euphausiacea) demography and variability in abundance and distribution. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 57:151-167
57. Sprong I, Schalk PH (1992) Acoustic observations on krill spring-summer migration and patchiness in the Northern Weddell Sea. Polar Biol 12:261-268
58. Staniland IJ, Boyd IL (2003) Variation in the foraging location of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) and the effects on diving behavior. Mar. Mamm Sci 19:331-343
59. Tarling GA, Johnson ML (2006) Satiation gives krill that sinking feeling. Curr Biol 16:R83-R84
60. Tarling GA, Klevjer T, Fielding S, Watkins JL and others (2009) Variability and predictability of Antarctic krill swarm structure. Deep-Sea Res I 56:1994-2012
61. Thomasson MA, Johnson ML, Strömberg JO, Gaten E (2003) Swimming capacity and pleopod beat rate as a function of sex, size and moult stage in Northern krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 250:205-213
62. Thorpe SE, Heywood KJ, Stevens DP, Brandon MA (2004) Tracking passive drifters in a high resolution ocean model: implications for interannual variability of larval krill transport to South Georgia. Deep-Sea Res I 51:909-920
63. Thorpe SE, Murphy EJ, Watkins JL (2007) Circumpolar connections between Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) populations: investigating the roles of ocean and sea ice transport. Deep-Sea Res I 54:792-810
64. Trathan PN, Everson I, Miller D G M, Watkins JL, Murphy EJ (1995) Krill biomass in the Atlantic. Nature 373:201-202
65. Trathan PN, Brierley AS, Brandon MA, Bone DG and others (2003) Oceanographic variability and changes in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) abundance at South Georgia. Fish Oceanogr 12:569-583
66. Veit RR, Hunt GL (1991) Broadscale density and aggregation of pelagic birds from a circumnavigational survey of the Antarctic Ocean. Auk 108:790-800
67. Veit RR, Silverman ED, Everson I (1993) Aggregation patterns of pelagic predators and their principal prey, Antarctic krill, near South Georgia. J Anim Ecol 62:551-564
68. Watkins JL, Brierley AS (1996) A post-processing technique to remove background noise from echo integration data. ICES J Mar. Sci 53:339-344
69. Watkins JL, Brierley AS (2002) Verification of the acoustic techniques used to identify Antarctic krill. ICES J Mar. Sci 59:1326-1336
70. Woodd-Walker RS, Watkins JL, Brierley AS (2003) Identification of Southern Ocean acoustic targets using aggregation backscatter and shape characteristics. ICES J Mar. Sci 60:641-649
71. Zamon JE, Greene CH, Meir E, Demer DA, Hewitt RP, Sexton S (1996) Acoustic characterization of the three-dimensional prey field of foraging chinstrap penguins. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 131:1-10
72. Zhou M, Dorland RD (2004) Aggregation and vertical migration behavior of Euphausia superba. Deep-Sea Res II 51:2119-2137