A Motivational Model of Video Game Engagement

Review of General Psychology

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 154-166

  Przybylski, Andrew K ^a   Rigby, C Scott ^b   Ryan, Richard M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

^b Immersyve Inc ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

motivation; self determination theory; video games

Indexed keywords

EID: 77953822847     PISSN: 10892680     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0019440     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Anderson C.A., and Bushman B.J. Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal and prosocial behavior: A meta-analytic review of the scientific literature. Psychological Science 12 (2001) 353-359
2. Anderson C.A., Carnagey N.L., Flanagan M., Benjamin A.J., Eubanks J., and Valentine J.C. Violent video games: Specific effects of violent content on aggressive thoughts and behavior. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 36 (2004) 199-249
3. Anderson C.A., Gentile D.A., and Buckley K.E. Violent video game effects on children and adolescents: Theory, research, and public policy (2007), Oxford University Press, New York
4. Assor A., Roth G., and Deci E.L. The emotional costs of parents' conditional regard: A self-determination theory analysis. Journal of Personality 72 (2004) 47-89
5. Baranowski T., Buday R., Thompson D., and Baranowski J. Playing for real: Video games and stories for health-related behavior change. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 34 (2008) 74-82
6. Bartle R.A. Designing virtual worlds (2004), New Riders, Berkeley, CA
7. Berkowitz L. The frustration-aggression hypothesis: An examination and reformulation. Psychological Bulletin 106 (1989) 206-217
8. Blumler J., and Katz E. The uses of mass communications (1974), Sage, Beverly Hills, CA
9. Bryk A.S., and Raudenbush S.W. Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (1992), Sage, Newbury Park, CA
10. Buss A.H., and Perry M.P. The Aggression Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63 (1992) 452-459
11. Carnagey N.A., and Anderson C.A. Violent video game exposure and aggression: A literature review. Minerva Psichiatrica 44 (2004) 1-18
12. Chirkov V.I., and Ryan R.M. Parent and teacher autonomy-support in Russian and U.S. adolescents: Common effects on well-being and academic motivation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 32 (2001) 618-635
13. Deci E.L., Koestner R., and Ryan R.M. A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin 125 (1999) 627-668
14. Deci E.L., and Ryan R.M. The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry 11 (2000) 227-268
15. Ferguson C.J. The good, the bad and the ugly: A meta-analytic review of positive and negative effects of violent video games. Psychiatric Quarterly 78 (2007) 309-316
16. Giumetti G.W., and Markey P.M. Violent video games and anger as predictors of aggression. Journal of Research in Personality 41 (2007) 1234-1243
17. Greenberg B.S., and Hnilo L.R. Demographic differences in media gratifications. Journal of Behavioral and Social Sciences 1 (1996) 97-114
18. Greenberg B.S., Li H., Ku L., and Tokinoya H. Affluence and mass media behaviours among youth in China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan. Asian Journal of Communication 2 (1991) 87-108
19. Grüsser S.M., Thalemann R., and Griffiths M.D. Excessive computer game playing: Evidence for addiction and aggression?. CyberPsychology & Behavior 10 (2007) 290-292
20. Jang H., Reeve J., Ryan R.M., and Kim A. Can self-determination theory explain what underlies the productive, satisfying learning experiences of collectivistically oriented Korean students?. Journal of Educational Psychology 101 (2009) 644-661
21. Kasser T. Sketches for a self-determination theory of values. In: Deci E.L., and Ryan R.M. (Eds). Handbook of self-determination research (2002), University of Rochester Press, Rochester, NY 123-140
22. Kirsh S. Seeing the world through Mortal Kombat-colored glasses: Violent video games and the development of a short-term hostile attribution bias. Childhood: Global Journal of Childhood Research 5 (1998) 177-184
23. Lombard M., and Ditton T. At the heart of it all: The concept of presence. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 3 2 (1997). http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol3/issue2/lombard.html Retrieved from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol3/issue2/lombard.html
24. Lucas K., and Sherry J.L. Sex differences in video game play: A communication-based explanation. Communication Research 31 (2004) 499-523
25. Niemiec C.P., and Ryan R.M. Autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the classroom: Applying self-determination theory to educational practice. Theory and Research in Education 7 (2009) 133-144
26. NPD Group Inc. More Americans play videogames than go out to the movies (2009, May 20). http://www.npd.com/press/releases/press_090520.html Accessed at http://www.npd.com/press/releases/press_090520.html
27. Olson C.K., Kutner L.A., Warner D.E., Almerigi J.B., Baer L., Nicholi A.M., and Beresin E.V. Factors correlated with violent video game use by adolescent boys and girls. Journal of Adolescent Health 41 (2007) 77-83
28. Pedersen W.C., Gonzales C., and Miller N. The moderating effect of trivial triggering provocation on displaced aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78 (2000) 913-927
29. Przybylski, A. K. (2009). Motivational sources of frustration and aggression for video game players (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
30. Przybylski A.K., Ryan R.M., and Rigby C.S. The motivating role of violence in video games. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 35 (2009) 243-259
31. Przybylski A.K., Weinstein N., Ryan R.M., and Rigby C.S. Having to versus wanting to play: Background and consequences of harmonious versus obsessive engagement in video games. CyberPsychology & Behavior 12 (2009) 485-492
32. Rigby, S. (2004, December). Player motivational analysis: A model for applied research into the motivational dynamics of virtual worlds. Presented to the Motivation Research Group, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
33. Rigby S.C., and Przybylski A.K. Virtual worlds and the learner hero: How today's video games can inform tomorrow's digital learning environments. Theory and Research in Education 7 (2009) 214-223
34. Ryan R.M., and Deci E.L. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology 25 (2000) 54-67
35. Ryan R.M., and Deci E.L. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist 55 (2000) 68-78
36. Ryan R.M., and Deci E.L. Active human nature: Self-determination theory and the promotion and maintenance of sport, exercise, and health. In: Hagger M.S., and Chatzisarantis N.L.D. (Eds). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport (2007), Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL 1-19
37. Ryan R.M., and Grolnick W.S. Origins and pawns in the classroom: Self-report and projective assessments of children's perceptions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50 (1986) 550-558
38. Ryan R.M., Rigby C.S., and Przybylski A.K. The motivational pull of video games: A self-determination theory approach. Motivation and Emotion 30 (2006) 347-364
39. Ryan R.M., Sheldon K.M., Kasser T., and Deci E.L. All goals are not created equal: An organismic perspective on the nature of goals and their regulation. In: Gollwitzer P.M., and Bargh J.A. (Eds). The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (1996), Guilford Press, New York 7-26
40. Schultz P.W. Inclusion with nature: Understanding the psychology of human-nature interactions. In: Schmuck P., and Schultz P.W. (Eds). The psychology of sustainable development (2002), Kluwer, New York 61-78
41. Seguin-Levesque C., Laliberte M.L.N., Pelletier L.G., Blanchard C., and Vallerand R.J. Harmonious and obsessive passion for the Internet: Their associations with the couple's relationship. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 33 (2003) 197-221
42. Sheldon K.M., and Filak V. Manipulating autonomy, competence and relatedness support in a game-learning context: New evidence that all three needs matter. British Journal of Social Psychology 47 (2008) 267-283
43. Sherry J. The effects of violent video games on aggression: A meta-analysis. Human Communication Research 27 (2001) 409-431
44. Sherry, J., & Lucas, K. (2003, May). Video game uses and gratifications as predictors of use and game preference. Presented at the Mass Communication Division, International Communication Association Annual Convention, San Diego, CA.
45. Vallerand R.J. On the psychology of passion: In search of what makes people's lives worth living. Canadian Psychologist 49 (2008) 1-13
46. Vansteenkiste M., Matos L., Lens W., and Soenens B. Understanding the impact of intrinsic versus extrinsic goal framing on exercise performance: The conflicting role of task and ego involvement. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 8 (2007) 771-794
47. Wang C.K., Khoo A., Liu W.C., and Divaharan S. Passion and intrinsic motivation in digital gaming. CyberPsychology & Behavior 11 (2008) 39-45
48. Weinstein N., Przybylski A.K., and Ryan R.M. Can nature make us more caring? Effects of immersion in nature on intrinsic aspirations and generosity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 35 (2009) 1315-1329
49. Williams D., and Skoric M. Internet fantasy violence: Aggression in an online game. Communication Monographs 72 (2005) 217-233
50. Williams G.C., Gagné M., Ryan R.M., and Deci E.L. Facilitating autonomous motivation for smoking cessation. Health Psychology 21 (2002) 40-50
51. Williams G.C., Lynch M.F., and Glasgow R.E. Computer-assisted intervention improves patient-centered diabetes care by increasing autonomy support. Health Psychology 26 (2007) 728-734
52. Yee N. The demographics, motivations and derived experiences of users of massively multiuser online graphical environments. PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 15 (2006) 309-329
53. Yee N. Motivations for play in online games. CyberPsychology & Behavior 9 (2006) 772-775
54. Zeldman A., Ryan R.M., and Fiscella K. Client motivation, autonomy support and entity beliefs: Their role in methadone maintenance treatment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 23 (2004) 675-696
55. Zillman D. The psychology of the appeal of portrayals of violence. In: Goldstein J. (Ed). Why we watch: The attractions of violent entertainment (1998), Oxford University Press, New York 179-211