메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 559-573

Levetiracetam

Author keywords

Activity in experimental models of seizures and epilepsy; Adjunctive therapy in refractory partial seizures in children; Effect of drugs on levetiracetam pharmacokinetics; Immediate release tablets; Levetiracetam; Mechanism of action of levetiracetam; Plasma concentration of levetiracetam in pregnancy

Indexed keywords


EID: 77953216281     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444316667.ch44     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (6)

References (105)
  • 1
    • 0033885211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Piracetam and levetiracetam: close structural similarities but different pharmacological and clinical profiles
    • Genton P, Van Vleymen B. Piracetam and levetiracetam: close structural similarities but different pharmacological and clinical profiles. Epileptic Disord 2000; 2: 99-105.
    • (2000) Epileptic Disord , vol.2 , pp. 99-105
    • Genton, P.1    Van Vleymen, B.2
  • 2
    • 0026471112 scopus 로고
    • ucb L059, a novel anti-convulsant drug: pharmacological profile in animals
    • Gower AJ, Noyer M, Verloes R, et al. ucb L059, a novel anti-convulsant drug: pharmacological profile in animals. Eur J Pharmacol 1992; 222: 193-203.
    • (1992) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.222 , pp. 193-203
    • Gower, A.J.1    Noyer, M.2    Verloes, R.3
  • 3
    • 0027410987 scopus 로고
    • Profile of ucb L059, a novel anticonvulsant drug, in models of partial and generalized epilepsy in mice and rats
    • Loscher W, Honack D. Profile of ucb L059, a novel anticonvulsant drug, in models of partial and generalized epilepsy in mice and rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1993; 232: 147-158.
    • (1993) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.232 , pp. 147-158
    • Loscher, W.1    Honack, D.2
  • 4
    • 0032563178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a unique profile of levetiracetam in rodent models of seizures and epilepsy
    • Klitgaard H, Matagne A, Gobert J, Wulfert E. Evidence for a unique profile of levetiracetam in rodent models of seizures and epilepsy. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 353: 191-206.
    • (1998) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.353 , pp. 191-206
    • Klitgaard, H.1    Matagne, A.2    Gobert, J.3    Wulfert, E.4
  • 5
    • 0343570136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsant efficacy of gabapentin and levetiracetam in phenytoin-resistant kindled rats
    • Loscher W, Reissmuller E, Ebert U. Anticonvulsant efficacy of gabapentin and levetiracetam in phenytoin-resistant kindled rats. Epilepsy Res 2000; 40: 63-77.
    • (2000) Epilepsy Res , vol.40 , pp. 63-77
    • Loscher, W.1    Reissmuller, E.2    Ebert, U.3
  • 6
    • 0028823233 scopus 로고
    • Effects of levetiracetam, a novel antiepileptic drug, on convulsant activity in two genetic rat models of epilepsy
    • Gower AJ, Hirsch E, Boehrer A, et al. Effects of levetiracetam, a novel antiepileptic drug, on convulsant activity in two genetic rat models of epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 1995; 22: 207-213.
    • (1995) Epilepsy Res , vol.22 , pp. 207-213
    • Gower, A.J.1    Hirsch, E.2    Boehrer, A.3
  • 7
    • 0031908063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiepileptogenic effects of the novel anticonvulsant levetiracetam (ucb L059) in the kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Loscher W, Honack D, Rundfeldt C. Antiepileptogenic effects of the novel anticonvulsant levetiracetam (ucb L059) in the kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998; 284: 474-479.
    • (1998) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.284 , pp. 474-479
    • Loscher, W.1    Honack, D.2    Rundfeldt, C.3
  • 8
    • 0034530035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of tolerance during chronic treatment of kindled rats with the novel antiepileptic drug levetiracetam
    • Loscher W, Honack D. Development of tolerance during chronic treatment of kindled rats with the novel antiepileptic drug levetiracetam. Epilepsia 2000; 41: 1499-1506.
    • (2000) Epilepsia , vol.41 , pp. 1499-1506
    • Loscher, W.1    Honack, D.2
  • 9
    • 0003074392 scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsant effects of UCB-L059 in rats/absence of tolerance or discontinuation after chronic administration
    • Gower A, Baltes E, Nicolas J-M, Gobert J. Anticonvulsant effects of UCB-L059 in rats/absence of tolerance or discontinuation after chronic administration. Epilepsia 1993; 34(Suppl. 2): 50.
    • (1993) Epilepsia , vol.34 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 50
    • Gower, A.1    Baltes, E.2    Nicolas, J.-M.3    Gobert, J.4
  • 10
    • 47249120395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of tolerance to levetiracetam in rats with chronic epilepsy
    • van Vliet EA, van Schaik R, Edelbroek PM, et al. Development of tolerance to levetiracetam in rats with chronic epilepsy. Epilepsia 2008; 49: 1151-1159.
    • (2008) Epilepsia , vol.49 , pp. 1151-1159
    • van Vliet, E.A.1    van Schaik, R.2    Edelbroek, P.M.3
  • 11
    • 2142773119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of multidrug transporters by verapamil or probenecid does not alter blood-brain barrier penetration of levetiracetam in rats
    • Potschka H, Baltes S, Loscher W. Inhibition of multidrug transporters by verapamil or probenecid does not alter blood-brain barrier penetration of levetiracetam in rats. Epilepsy Res 2004; 58: 85-91.
    • (2004) Epilepsy Res , vol.58 , pp. 85-91
    • Potschka, H.1    Baltes, S.2    Loscher, W.3
  • 12
    • 0001025962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of negative impact of levetiracetam on cognitive function and memory in normal and amygdala-kindled rats
    • Lamberty YMG, Klitgaard H. Absence of negative impact of levetiracetam on cognitive function and memory in normal and amygdala-kindled rats. Epilepsy Behav 2000; 1: 333-342.
    • (2000) Epilepsy Behav , vol.1 , pp. 333-342
    • Lamberty, Y.M.G.1    Klitgaard, H.2
  • 13
    • 3042748137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The synaptic vesicle protein SV2A is the binding site for the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam
    • Lynch BA, Lambeng N, Nocka K, et al. The synaptic vesicle protein SV2A is the binding site for the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 9861-9866.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 9861-9866
    • Lynch, B.A.1    Lambeng, N.2    Nocka, K.3
  • 14
    • 38749128706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SV2A protein is a broadspectrum anticonvulsant target: functional correlation between protein binding and seizure protection in models of both partial and generalized epilepsy
    • Kaminski RM, Matagne A, Leclercq K, et al. SV2A protein is a broadspectrum anticonvulsant target: functional correlation between protein binding and seizure protection in models of both partial and generalized epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 2008; 54: 715-720.
    • (2008) Neuropharmacology , vol.54 , pp. 715-720
    • Kaminski, R.M.1    Matagne, A.2    Leclercq, K.3
  • 15
    • 0028825031 scopus 로고
    • The novel antiepileptic drug levetiracetam (ucb L059) appears to act via a specific binding site in CNS membranes
    • Noyer M, Gillard M, Matagne A, et al. The novel antiepileptic drug levetiracetam (ucb L059) appears to act via a specific binding site in CNS membranes. Eur J Pharmacol 1995; 286: 137-146.
    • (1995) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.286 , pp. 137-146
    • Noyer, M.1    Gillard, M.2    Matagne, A.3
  • 16
    • 0034864144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam: the preclinical profile of a new class of antiepileptic drugs?
    • Klitgaard H. Levetiracetam: the preclinical profile of a new class of antiepileptic drugs? Epilepsia 2001; 42: 13-18.
    • (2001) Epilepsia , vol.42 , pp. 13-18
    • Klitgaard, H.1
  • 17
    • 0028784616 scopus 로고
    • ucb L059, a novel anticonvulsant, reduces bicuculline-induced hyperexcitability in rat hippocampal CA3 in vivo
    • Margineanu DG, Wulfert E. ucb L059, a novel anticonvulsant, reduces bicuculline-induced hyperexcitability in rat hippocampal CA3 in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 1995; 286: 321-325.
    • (1995) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.286 , pp. 321-325
    • Margineanu, D.G.1    Wulfert, E.2
  • 18
    • 0030682180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam (ucb LO59) affects in vitro models of epilepsy in CA3 pyramidal neurons without altering normal synaptic transmission
    • Birnstiel S, Wulfert E, Beck SG. Levetiracetam (ucb LO59) affects in vitro models of epilepsy in CA3 pyramidal neurons without altering normal synaptic transmission. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1997; 356: 611-618.
    • (1997) Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol , vol.356 , pp. 611-618
    • Birnstiel, S.1    Wulfert, E.2    Beck, S.G.3
  • 19
    • 0033800837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of neuronal hypersynchrony in vitro differentiates levetiracetam from classical antiepileptic drugs
    • Margineanu DG, Klitgaard H. Inhibition of neuronal hypersynchrony in vitro differentiates levetiracetam from classical antiepileptic drugs. Pharmacol Res 2000; 42: 281-285.
    • (2000) Pharmacol Res , vol.42 , pp. 281-285
    • Margineanu, D.G.1    Klitgaard, H.2
  • 20
    • 4344639324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam
    • Patsalos PN. Clinical pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam. Clin Pharmacokinet 2004; 43: 707-724.
    • (2004) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.43 , pp. 707-724
    • Patsalos, P.N.1
  • 21
    • 33745974941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-dose bioavailability of levetiracetam intravenous infusion relative to oral tablets and multipledose pharmacokinetics and tolerability of levetiracetam intravenous infusion compared with placebo in healthy subjects
    • Ramael S, De Smedt F, Toublanc N, et al. Single-dose bioavailability of levetiracetam intravenous infusion relative to oral tablets and multipledose pharmacokinetics and tolerability of levetiracetam intravenous infusion compared with placebo in healthy subjects. Clin Ther 2006; 28: 734-744.
    • (2006) Clin Ther , vol.28 , pp. 734-744
    • Ramael, S.1    De Smedt, F.2    Toublanc, N.3
  • 22
    • 20644467760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral absorption kinetics of levetiracetam: the effect of mixing with food or enteral nutrition formulas
    • Fay MA, Sheth RD, Gidal BE. Oral absorption kinetics of levetiracetam: the effect of mixing with food or enteral nutrition formulas. Clin Ther 2005; 27: 594-598.
    • (2005) Clin Ther , vol.27 , pp. 594-598
    • Fay, M.A.1    Sheth, R.D.2    Gidal, B.E.3
  • 23
    • 0242552652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam: Relative bioavailability and bioequivalence of a 10% oral solution (750mg) and 750-mg tablets
    • Coupez R, Straetemans R, Sehgal G, Stockis A, Lu Z. Levetiracetam: Relative bioavailability and bioequivalence of a 10% oral solution (750mg) and 750-mg tablets. J Clin Pharmacol 2003; 43: 1370-1376.
    • (2003) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.43 , pp. 1370-1376
    • Coupez, R.1    Straetemans, R.2    Sehgal, G.3    Stockis, A.4    Lu, Z.5
  • 25
    • 38549113565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling and simulation of intravenous levetiracetam pharmacokinetic profiles in children to evaluate dose adaptation rules Epilepsy Res 2007; 76: 140-147
    • Snoeck E, Jacqmin P, Sargentini-Maier ML, Stockis A. Modeling and simulation of intravenous levetiracetam pharmacokinetic profiles in children to evaluate dose adaptation rules. Epilepsy Res 2007; 76: 140-147. Erratum in: Epilepsy Res 2008; 78: 246.
    • (2008) Erratum in: Epilepsy Res , vol.78 , pp. 246
    • Snoeck, E.1    Jacqmin, P.2    Sargentini-Maier, M.L.3    Stockis, A.4
  • 26
    • 0032942934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of the novel anticonvulsant levetiracetam (ucb L059) in the rat
    • Doheny HC, Ratnaraj N, Whittington MA, et al. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of the novel anticonvulsant levetiracetam (ucb L059) in the rat. Epilepsy Res 1999; 34: 161-168.
    • (1999) Epilepsy Res , vol.34 , pp. 161-168
    • Doheny, H.C.1    Ratnaraj, N.2    Whittington, M.A.3
  • 27
    • 34249776676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam during pregnancy, delivery, in the neonatal period, and lactation
    • Tomson T, Palm R, Kallen K, et al. Pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam during pregnancy, delivery, in the neonatal period, and lactation. Epilepsia 2007; 48: 1111-1116.
    • (2007) Epilepsia , vol.48 , pp. 1111-1116
    • Tomson, T.1    Palm, R.2    Kallen, K.3
  • 28
    • 18244369989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam concentrations in serum and in breast milk at birth and during lactation
    • Johannessen SI, Helde G, Brodtkorb E. Levetiracetam concentrations in serum and in breast milk at birth and during lactation. Epilepsia 2005; 46: 775-777.
    • (2005) Epilepsia , vol.46 , pp. 775-777
    • Johannessen, S.I.1    Helde, G.2    Brodtkorb, E.3
  • 29
    • 0345598116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 14C-levetiracetam, a new antiepileptic agent, in healthy volunteers
    • Strolin Benedetti M, Whomsley R, Nicolas JM, Young C, Baltes E. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 14C-levetiracetam, a new antiepileptic agent, in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2003; 59: 621-630.
    • (2003) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.59 , pp. 621-630
    • Strolin Benedetti, M.1    Whomsley, R.2    Nicolas, J.M.3    Young, C.4    Baltes, E.5
  • 30
    • 33947244366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective assessment of levetiracetam pharmacokinetics during dose escalation in 4-to 12-year-old children with partial-onset seizures on concomitant carbamazepine or valproate
    • Fountain NB, Conry JA, Rodriguez-Leyva I, et al. Prospective assessment of levetiracetam pharmacokinetics during dose escalation in 4-to 12-year-old children with partial-onset seizures on concomitant carbamazepine or valproate. Epilepsy Res 2007; 74: 60-69.
    • (2007) Epilepsy Res , vol.74 , pp. 60-69
    • Fountain, N.B.1    Conry, J.A.2    Rodriguez-Leyva, I.3
  • 31
    • 33847341981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of plasma and saliva concentrations of levetiracetam following administration orally as a tablet and as a solution in healthy adult volunteers
    • Lins RL, Otoul C, De Smedt F, Coupez R, Stockis A. Comparison of plasma and saliva concentrations of levetiracetam following administration orally as a tablet and as a solution in healthy adult volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007; 45: 47-54.
    • (2007) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.45 , pp. 47-54
    • Lins, R.L.1    Otoul, C.2    De Smedt, F.3    Coupez, R.4    Stockis, A.5
  • 32
    • 0030297525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photosensitive epilepsy: a model to study the effects of antiepileptic drugs Evaluation of the piracetam analogue, levetiracetam
    • Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite DG, Marescaux C, Stodieck S, et al. Photosensitive epilepsy: a model to study the effects of antiepileptic drugs. Evaluation of the piracetam analogue, levetiracetam. Epilepsy Res 1996; 25: 225-230.
    • (1996) Epilepsy Res , vol.25 , pp. 225-230
    • Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite, D.G.1    Marescaux, C.2    Stodieck, S.3
  • 34
    • 34247355590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-dose pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in healthy Chinese male subjects
    • Zhao Q, Jiang J, Li X, et al. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in healthy Chinese male subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 63: 614-617.
    • (2007) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.63 , pp. 614-617
    • Zhao, Q.1    Jiang, J.2    Li, X.3
  • 35
    • 34249807897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in infants and young children with epilepsy
    • Glauser TA, Mitchell WG, Weinstock A, et al. Pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in infants and young children with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2007; 48: 1117-1122.
    • (2007) Epilepsia , vol.48 , pp. 1117-1122
    • Glauser, T.A.1    Mitchell, W.G.2    Weinstock, A.3
  • 36
    • 0035675738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic study of levetiracetam in children
    • Pellock JM, Glauser TA, Bebin EM, et al. Pharmacokinetic study of levetiracetam in children. Epilepsia 2001; 42: 1574-1579.
    • (2001) Epilepsia , vol.42 , pp. 1574-1579
    • Pellock, J.M.1    Glauser, T.A.2    Bebin, E.M.3
  • 37
    • 41949136803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective population pharmacokinetic analysis of levetiracetam in children and adolescents with epilepsy
    • Toublanc N, Sargentini-Maier ML, Lacroix B, Jacqmin P, Stockis A. Retrospective population pharmacokinetic analysis of levetiracetam in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Clin Pharmacokinet 2008; 47: 333-341.
    • (2008) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.47 , pp. 333-341
    • Toublanc, N.1    Sargentini-Maier, M.L.2    Lacroix, B.3    Jacqmin, P.4    Stockis, A.5
  • 38
    • 38949134810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum concentration/dose ratio of levetiracetam before, during and after pregnancy
    • Westin AA, Reimers A, Helde G, Nakken KO, Brodtkorb E. Serum concentration/dose ratio of levetiracetam before, during and after pregnancy. Seizure 2008; 17: 192-198.
    • (2008) Seizure , vol.17 , pp. 192-198
    • Westin, A.A.1    Reimers, A.2    Helde, G.3    Nakken, K.O.4    Brodtkorb, E.5
  • 39
    • 34447331665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of age and comedication on levetiracetam pharmacokinetics and tolerability
    • Hirsch LJ, Arif H, Buchsbaum R, et al. Effect of age and comedication on levetiracetam pharmacokinetics and tolerability. Epilepsia 2007; 48: 1351-1359.
    • (2007) Epilepsia , vol.48 , pp. 1351-1359
    • Hirsch, L.J.1    Arif, H.2    Buchsbaum, R.3
  • 40
    • 0034876919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of levetiracetam in special populations
    • French J. Use of levetiracetam in special populations. Epilepsia 2001; 42: 40-43.
    • (2001) Epilepsia , vol.42 , pp. 40-43
    • French, J.1
  • 41
    • 84891520803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Keppra Product Information., Rev 26E, February 2008. Smyrna, Georgia, USA: UCB Inc.
    • Keppra Product Information. Rev 26E, February 2008. Smyrna, Georgia, USA: UCB Inc.
  • 42
    • 20444458809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in patients with moderate to severe liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C): characterization by dynamic liver function tests
    • Brockmöller J, Thomsen T, Wittstock M, Coupez R, Lochs H, Roots I. Pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in patients with moderate to severe liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh classes A, B, and C): characterization by dynamic liver function tests. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005; 77: 529-541.
    • (2005) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.77 , pp. 529-541
    • Brockmöller, J.1    Thomsen, T.2    Wittstock, M.3    Coupez, R.4    Lochs, H.5    Roots, I.6
  • 43
    • 0033821932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzyme induction and inhibition by new antiepileptic drugs: a review of human studies
    • Strolin Benedetti MS. Enzyme induction and inhibition by new antiepileptic drugs: a review of human studies. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2000; 14: 301-319.
    • (2000) Fundam Clin Pharmacol , vol.14 , pp. 301-319
    • Strolin Benedetti, M.S.1
  • 44
    • 19444366567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of levetiracetam on the pharmacokinetics of adjunctive antiepileptic drugs: a pooled analysis of data from randomized clinical trials
    • Gidal BE, Baltes E, Otoul C, Perucca E. Effect of levetiracetam on the pharmacokinetics of adjunctive antiepileptic drugs: a pooled analysis of data from randomized clinical trials. Epilepsy Res 2005; 64: 1-11.
    • (2005) Epilepsy Res , vol.64 , pp. 1-11
    • Gidal, B.E.1    Baltes, E.2    Otoul, C.3    Perucca, E.4
  • 45
    • 36048971625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction of levetiracetam on carbamazepine, valproic acid, topiramate, and lamotrigine in children with epilepsy
    • Otoul C, De Smedt H, Stockis A. Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction of levetiracetam on carbamazepine, valproic acid, topiramate, and lamotrigine in children with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2007; 48: 2111-2115.
    • (2007) Epilepsia , vol.48 , pp. 2111-2115
    • Otoul, C.1    De Smedt, H.2    Stockis, A.3
  • 46
    • 0000065795 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the safety of orally administered ucb L059 as add-on therapy in patients treated with antiepileptic drugs
    • abstract
    • De Deyn P, Bielen E, Saxens V, et al. Assessment of the safety of orally administered ucb L059 as add-on therapy in patients treated with antiepileptic drugs. Seizure 1992; 1: 7-15 (abstract).
    • (1992) Seizure , vol.1 , pp. 7-15
    • De Deyn, P.1    Bielen, E.2    Saxens, V.3
  • 47
    • 0030175986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability study of ucb L059 in patients with refractory epilepsy
    • Sharief M, Singh P, Sander JWAS, et al. Efficacy and tolerability study of ucb L059 in patients with refractory epilepsy. J Epilepsy 1996; 9: 106-112.
    • (1996) J Epilepsy , vol.9 , pp. 106-112
    • Sharief, M.1    Singh, P.2    Sander, J.W.A.S.3
  • 48
    • 0033663648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of pharmacokinetic drug interaction of levetiracetam with phenytoin in patients with epilepsy determined by new technique
    • Browne TR, Szabo GK, Leppik IE, et al. Absence of pharmacokinetic drug interaction of levetiracetam with phenytoin in patients with epilepsy determined by new technique. J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 40: 590-595.
    • (2000) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.40 , pp. 590-595
    • Browne, T.R.1    Szabo, G.K.2    Leppik, I.E.3
  • 49
    • 0034162331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicentre, double-blind, randomized, parallel group study to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of two oral doses of levetiracetam, 2000 mg daily and 4000 mg daily, without titration in patients with refractory epilepsy
    • Betts T, Waegemans T, Crawford P. A multicentre, double-blind, randomized, parallel group study to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of two oral doses of levetiracetam, 2000 mg daily and 4000 mg daily, without titration in patients with refractory epilepsy. Seizure 2000; 9: 80-87.
    • (2000) Seizure , vol.9 , pp. 80-87
    • Betts, T.1    Waegemans, T.2    Crawford, P.3
  • 50
    • 0033854805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam for partial seizures: results of a double-blind, randomized clinical trial
    • Cereghino JJ, Biton V, Abou-Khalil B, et al. Levetiracetam for partial seizures: results of a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Neurology 2000; 55: 236-242.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. 236-242
    • Cereghino, J.J.1    Biton, V.2    Abou-Khalil, B.3
  • 51
    • 0033811027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of levetiracetam as add-on therapy in patients with refractory partial seizures European Levetiracetam Study Group
    • Shorvon SD, Lowenthal A, Janz D, et al. Multicenter double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of levetiracetam as add-on therapy in patients with refractory partial seizures. European Levetiracetam Study Group. Epilepsia 2000; 41: 1179-1186.
    • (2000) Epilepsia , vol.41 , pp. 1179-1186
    • Shorvon, S.D.1    Lowenthal, A.2    Janz, D.3
  • 52
    • 0033775210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam 3000 mg/d in patients with refractory partial seizures: a multicenter, double-blind, responder-selected study evaluating monotherapy European Levetiracetam Study Group
    • Ben-Menachem E, Falter U. Efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam 3000 mg/d in patients with refractory partial seizures: a multicenter, double-blind, responder-selected study evaluating monotherapy. European Levetiracetam Study Group. Epilepsia 2000; 41: 1276-1283.
    • (2000) Epilepsia , vol.41 , pp. 1276-1283
    • Ben-Menachem, E.1    Falter, U.2
  • 53
    • 34848887217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic drug monitoring of levetiracetam by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array ultraviolet detection: preliminary observations on correlation between plasma concentration and clinical response in patients with refractory epilepsy
    • Lancelin F, Franchon E, Kraoul L, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring of levetiracetam by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array ultraviolet detection: preliminary observations on correlation between plasma concentration and clinical response in patients with refractory epilepsy. Ther Drug Monit 2007; 29: 576-583.
    • (2007) Ther Drug Monit , vol.29 , pp. 576-583
    • Lancelin, F.1    Franchon, E.2    Kraoul, L.3
  • 54
    • 33750066632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of levetiracetam in human plasma/serum/saliva by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
    • Guo T, Oswald LM, Mendu DR, Soldin SJ. Determination of levetiracetam in human plasma/serum/saliva by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 375: 115-118.
    • (2007) Clin Chim Acta , vol.375 , pp. 115-118
    • Guo, T.1    Oswald, L.M.2    Mendu, D.R.3    Soldin, S.J.4
  • 55
    • 0344198468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum concentrations of levetiracetam in epileptic patients: the influence of dose and co-medication
    • May TW, Rambeck B, Jurgens U. Serum concentrations of levetiracetam in epileptic patients: the influence of dose and co-medication. Ther Drug Monit 2003; 25: 690-699.
    • (2003) Ther Drug Monit , vol.25 , pp. 690-699
    • May, T.W.1    Rambeck, B.2    Jurgens, U.3
  • 56
    • 33750366552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic variability of newer antiepileptic drugs: when is monitoring needed?
    • Johannessen SI, Tomson T. Pharmacokinetic variability of newer antiepileptic drugs: when is monitoring needed? Clin Pharmacokinet 2006; 45: 1061-1075.
    • (2006) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.45 , pp. 1061-1075
    • Johannessen, S.I.1    Tomson, T.2
  • 57
    • 45749150011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiepileptic drugs-best practice guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring: a position paper by the subcommission on therapeutic drug monitoring, ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies
    • Patsalos PN, Berry DJ, Bourgeois BF, et al. Antiepileptic drugs-best practice guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring: a position paper by the subcommission on therapeutic drug monitoring, ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies. Epilepsia 2008; 49: 1239-1276.
    • (2008) Epilepsia , vol.49 , pp. 1239-1276
    • Patsalos, P.N.1    Berry, D.J.2    Bourgeois, B.F.3
  • 58
    • 33750924438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ metabolism of levetiracetam in blood of patients with epilepsy
    • Patsalos PN, Ghattaura S, Ratnaraj N, Sander JW. In situ metabolism of levetiracetam in blood of patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2006; 47: 1818-1821.
    • (2006) Epilepsia , vol.47 , pp. 1818-1821
    • Patsalos, P.N.1    Ghattaura, S.2    Ratnaraj, N.3    Sander, J.W.4
  • 59
    • 33847287327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-response population analysis of levetiracetam add-on treatment in refractory epileptic patients with partial onset seizures
    • Snoeck E, Stockis A. Dose-response population analysis of levetiracetam add-on treatment in refractory epileptic patients with partial onset seizures. Epilepsy Res 2007; 73: 284-291.
    • (2007) Epilepsy Res , vol.73 , pp. 284-291
    • Snoeck, E.1    Stockis, A.2
  • 60
    • 0035227979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam add-on for drug-resistant localization related (partial) epilepsy (Cochrane Review)
    • Chaisewikul R, Privitera MD, Hutton JL, Marson AG. Levetiracetam add-on for drug-resistant localization related (partial) epilepsy (Cochrane Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001; (1): CD001901.
    • (2001) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.1
    • Chaisewikul, R.1    Privitera, M.D.2    Hutton, J.L.3    Marson, A.G.4
  • 61
    • 33745757684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of seizure freedom in adjunctive therapy studies in refractory partial epilepsy: the levetiracetam experience
    • Leppik I, De Rue K, Edrich P, Perucca E. Measurement of seizure freedom in adjunctive therapy studies in refractory partial epilepsy: the levetiracetam experience. Epileptic Disord 2006; 8: 118-130.
    • (2006) Epileptic Disord , vol.8 , pp. 118-130
    • Leppik, I.1    De Rue, K.2    Edrich, P.3    Perucca, E.4
  • 62
    • 23944500894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast and sustained efficacy of levetiracetam during titration and the first 3 months of treatment in refractory epilepsy
    • French J, di Nicola S, Arrigo C. Fast and sustained efficacy of levetiracetam during titration and the first 3 months of treatment in refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia 2005; 46: 1304-1307.
    • (2005) Epilepsia , vol.46 , pp. 1304-1307
    • French, J.1    di Nicola, S.2    Arrigo, C.3
  • 63
    • 33746924499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of new antiepileptic drugs: what can we learn from long-term studies?
    • Zaccara G, Messori A, Cincotta M, Burchini G. Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of new antiepileptic drugs: what can we learn from long-term studies? Acta Neurologica Scand 2006; 114: 157-168.
    • (2006) Acta Neurologica Scand , vol.114 , pp. 157-168
    • Zaccara, G.1    Messori, A.2    Cincotta, M.3    Burchini, G.4
  • 64
    • 61849127705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once-daily extended-release levetiracetam as adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients with epilepsy: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Peltola J, Coetzee C, Jiménez F, et al. Once-daily extended-release levetiracetam as adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients with epilepsy: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsia 2009; 50: 406-414.
    • (2009) Epilepsia , vol.50 , pp. 406-414
    • Peltola, J.1    Coetzee, C.2    Jiménez, F.3
  • 65
    • 33745665605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glauser TA, Ayala R, Elterman R, et al.; on behalf of the N159 Study Group. Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive levetiracetam in pediatric partial seizures. Neurology 2006; 66: 1654-1660.
    • (2006) , vol.66 , pp. 1654-1660
    • Glauser, T.A.1    Ayala, R.2    Elterman, R.3
  • 66
    • 65549121241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pina-Garza JE, Nordli DR Jr, Rating D, et al.; and the LEV N01009 Pediatric Study Group. Adjunctive levetiracetam in infants and young children with refractory partial-onset seizures. Epilepsia 2009; in press (e-pub ahead of print; doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01981.x).
    • Pina-Garza, J.E.1    Nordli Jr, D.R.2    Rating, D.3
  • 67
    • 33846850154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of levetiracetam and controlled-release carbamazepine in newly diagnosed epilepsy
    • Brodie MJ, Perucca E, Ryvlin P, et al. Comparison of levetiracetam and controlled-release carbamazepine in newly diagnosed epilepsy. Neurology 2007; 68: 402-408.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , pp. 402-408
    • Brodie, M.J.1    Perucca, E.2    Ryvlin, P.3
  • 69
    • 35848938482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebocontrolled study of levetiracetam in idiopathic generalized epilepsy
    • Berkovic SF, Knowlton RC, Leroy RF, Schiemann J, Falter U. Placebocontrolled study of levetiracetam in idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Neurology 2007; 69: 1751-1760.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. 1751-1760
    • Berkovic, S.F.1    Knowlton, R.C.2    Leroy, R.F.3    Schiemann, J.4    Falter, U.5
  • 70
    • 0012767038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of levetiracetam for treatment of drug-resistant generalized epilepsy
    • Krauss G, Abou-Khalil B, Sheth S, et al. Efficacy of levetiracetam for treatment of drug-resistant generalized epilepsy. Epilepsia 2001; 42(Suppl. 7): 181.
    • (2001) Epilepsia , vol.42 , Issue.SUPPL. 7 , pp. 181
    • Krauss, G.1    Abou-Khalil, B.2    Sheth, S.3
  • 71
    • 39749142245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot trial of levetiracetam in eyelid myoclonia with absences (Jeavons syndrome)
    • Striano P, Sofia V, Capovilla G, Rubboli G, et al. A pilot trial of levetiracetam in eyelid myoclonia with absences (Jeavons syndrome). Epilepsia 2008; 49: 425-430.
    • (2008) Epilepsia , vol.49 , pp. 425-430
    • Striano, P.1    Sofia, V.2    Capovilla, G.3    Rubboli, G.4
  • 72
    • 33746893810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam reduces frequency and duration of epileptic activity in patients with refractory primary generalized epilepsy
    • Rocamora R, Wagner K, Schulze-Bonhage A. Levetiracetam reduces frequency and duration of epileptic activity in patients with refractory primary generalized epilepsy. Seizure 2006; 15: 428-433.
    • (2006) Seizure , vol.15 , pp. 428-433
    • Rocamora, R.1    Wagner, K.2    Schulze-Bonhage, A.3
  • 73
    • 25844458408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical experience with levetiracetam in idiopathic generalized epilepsy according to different syndrome subtypes
    • Di Bonaventura C, Fattouch J, Mari F, et al. Clinical experience with levetiracetam in idiopathic generalized epilepsy according to different syndrome subtypes. Epileptic Disord 2005; 7: 231-235.
    • (2005) Epileptic Disord , vol.7 , pp. 231-235
    • Di Bonaventura, C.1    Fattouch, J.2    Mari, F.3
  • 74
    • 5344279754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam induces a rapid and sustained reduction of generalized spike-wave and clinical absence
    • Cavitt J, Privitera M. Levetiracetam induces a rapid and sustained reduction of generalized spike-wave and clinical absence. Arch Neurol 2004; 61: 1604-1607.
    • (2004) Arch Neurol , vol.61 , pp. 1604-1607
    • Cavitt, J.1    Privitera, M.2
  • 75
    • 47249098510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Termination of absence status epilepticus by low-dose intravenous levetiracetam
    • Altenmüller DM, Kühn A, Surges R, Schulze-Bonhage A. Termination of absence status epilepticus by low-dose intravenous levetiracetam. Epilepsia 2008; 49: 1289-1290.
    • (2008) Epilepsia , vol.49 , pp. 1289-1290
    • Altenmüller, D.M.1    Kühn, A.2    Surges, R.3    Schulze-Bonhage, A.4
  • 76
    • 12144253720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical experience with levetiracetam in childhood epilepsy: an add-on and mono-therapy trial
    • Lagae L, Buyse G, Ceulemans B. Clinical experience with levetiracetam in childhood epilepsy: an add-on and mono-therapy trial. Seizure 2005; 14: 66-71.
    • (2005) Seizure , vol.14 , pp. 66-71
    • Lagae, L.1    Buyse, G.2    Ceulemans, B.3
  • 78
    • 34547564527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open-label trial of levetiracetam in severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy
    • Striano P, Coppola A, Pezzella M, et al. An open-label trial of levetiracetam in severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy. Neurology 2007; 69: 250-254.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. 250-254
    • Striano, P.1    Coppola, A.2    Pezzella, M.3
  • 79
    • 0034489874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimyoclonic effect of levetiracetam
    • Genton P, Gelisse P. Antimyoclonic effect of levetiracetam. Epileptic Disord 2000; 2: 209-212.
    • (2000) Epileptic Disord , vol.2 , pp. 209-212
    • Genton, P.1    Gelisse, P.2
  • 80
    • 0033934199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of levetiracetam on epilepsy related quality of life N132 Study Group
    • Cramer JA, Arrigo C, Van Hammee G. Effect of levetiracetam on epilepsy related quality of life. N132 Study Group. Epilepsia 2000; 41: 868-874.
    • (2000) Epilepsia , vol.41 , pp. 868-874
    • Cramer, J.A.1    Arrigo, C.2    Van Hammee, G.3
  • 81
    • 0030825167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of life and outcome measures for epilepsy clinical trials
    • Cramer JA. Quality of life and outcome measures for epilepsy clinical trials. Pharm World Sci 1997; 19: 227-230.
    • (1997) Pharm World Sci , vol.19 , pp. 227-230
    • Cramer, J.A.1
  • 82
  • 83
    • 0037968517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of improvement in health related quality of life during long-term treatment with levetiracetam
    • the N132 Study Group.
    • Cramer JA, Van Hammée G; and the N132 Study Group. Maintenance of improvement in health related quality of life during long-term treatment with levetiracetam. Epilepsy Behav 2003; 4: 118-123.
    • (2003) Epilepsy Behav , vol.4 , pp. 118-123
    • Cramer, J.A.1    Van Hammée, G.2
  • 84
    • 16344368998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis and indirect comparisons of levetiracetam with other second-generation antiepileptic drugs in partial epilepsy
    • Otoul C, Arrigo C, van Rijckevorsel K, French JAZ. Meta-analysis and indirect comparisons of levetiracetam with other second-generation antiepileptic drugs in partial epilepsy. Clin Neuropharmacol 2005; 28: 72-78.
    • (2005) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.28 , pp. 72-78
    • Otoul, C.1    Arrigo, C.2    van Rijckevorsel, K.3    French, J.A.Z.4
  • 85
    • 0034878396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety profile of levetiracetam
    • Harden C. Safety profile of levetiracetam. Epilepsia 2001; 42: 36-39.
    • (2001) Epilepsia , vol.42 , pp. 36-39
    • Harden, C.1
  • 86
    • 28044462713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-response relationship of levetiracetam
    • Privitera MD, Edrich P, Godfroid P. Dose-response relationship of levetiracetam. Eur J Neurol 2002; 9(Suppl. 2): 177-178.
    • (2002) Eur J Neurol , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 177-178
    • Privitera, M.D.1    Edrich, P.2    Godfroid, P.3
  • 87
    • 0002750227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection rates among patients participating in clinical trials
    • Ting T, French J, Cramer J. Infection rates among patients participating in clinical trials. Epilepsia 2000; 41(Suppl. 7): 253.
    • (2000) Epilepsia , vol.41 , Issue.SUPPL. 7 , pp. 253
    • Ting, T.1    French, J.2    Cramer, J.3
  • 88
    • 0038644777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of the behavioral effects of levetiracetam in adults with epilepsy, cognitive disorders, or an anxiety disorder during clinical trials
    • Cramer JA, De Rue K, Devinsky O, Edrich P, Trimble MR. A systematic review of the behavioral effects of levetiracetam in adults with epilepsy, cognitive disorders, or an anxiety disorder during clinical trials. Epilepsy Behav 2003; 4: 124-132.
    • (2003) Epilepsy Behav , vol.4 , pp. 124-132
    • Cramer, J.A.1    De Rue, K.2    Devinsky, O.3    Edrich, P.4    Trimble, M.R.5
  • 89
    • 0037046970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aggravation of partial seizures by antiepileptic drugs Is there evidence for clinical trials?
    • Somerville ER. Aggravation of partial seizures by antiepileptic drugs. Is there evidence for clinical trials? Neurology 2002; 59: 79-83.
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 79-83
    • Somerville, E.R.1
  • 90
    • 4644345044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam exacerbation of epilepsy
    • Goldstein J. Levetiracetam exacerbation of epilepsy. Epilepsia 2001; 42: 254-255.
    • (2001) Epilepsia , vol.42 , pp. 254-255
    • Goldstein, J.1
  • 91
    • 4544372590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exacerbation of seizures: any relationship to dose escalation of levetiracetam (Keppra)?
    • Montouris G, Lippmann S, Williams R. Exacerbation of seizures: any relationship to dose escalation of levetiracetam (Keppra)? Epilepsia 2001; 42(Suppl. 7): 57.
    • (2001) Epilepsia , vol.42 , Issue.SUPPL. 7 , pp. 57
    • Montouris, G.1    Lippmann, S.2    Williams, R.3
  • 92
    • 0034768383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of the safety profile of levetiracetam: a new antiepileptic drug
    • French J, Edrich P, Cramer JA. A systematic review of the safety profile of levetiracetam: a new antiepileptic drug. Epilepsy Res 2001; 47: 77-90.
    • (2001) Epilepsy Res , vol.47 , pp. 77-90
    • French, J.1    Edrich, P.2    Cramer, J.A.3
  • 93
    • 33746115639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam intravenous infusion: a randomized, placebocontrolled safety and pharmacokinetic study
    • Ramael S, Daoust A, Otoul C, Toublanc N, Troenaru M, Lu S, Stockis A. Levetiracetam intravenous infusion: a randomized, placebocontrolled safety and pharmacokinetic study. Epilepsia 2006; 47: 1128-1135.
    • (2006) Epilepsia , vol.47 , pp. 1128-1135
    • Ramael, S.1    Daoust, A.2    Otoul, C.3    Toublanc, N.4    Troenaru, M.5    Lu, S.6    Stockis, A.7
  • 94
    • 33847625508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam intravenous infusion as an alternative to oral dosing in patients with partial-onset seizures
    • Baulac M, Brodie MJ, Elger CE, et al. Levetiracetam intravenous infusion as an alternative to oral dosing in patients with partial-onset seizures. Epilepsia 2007; 48: 589-592.
    • (2007) Epilepsia , vol.48 , pp. 589-592
    • Baulac, M.1    Brodie, M.J.2    Elger, C.E.3
  • 95
    • 35648932905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the relative risk of psychiatric and behavioral adverse events in pediatric patients with refractory partial seizures treated with levetiracetam-impact of prior history and a comparison with adult data
    • Shoaf TL, Lu Z, Yee KF, Gauer LJ. Evaluation of the relative risk of psychiatric and behavioral adverse events in pediatric patients with refractory partial seizures treated with levetiracetam-impact of prior history and a comparison with adult data. Epilepsia 2005; 46(Suppl. 8): 204-205.
    • (2005) Epilepsia , vol.46 , Issue.SUPPL. 8 , pp. 204-205
    • Shoaf, T.L.1    Lu, Z.2    Yee, K.F.3    Gauer, L.J.4
  • 96
    • 84891499077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doubleblind, placebo-controlled, noninferiority study to evaluate the cognitive and neuropsychological effects of levetiracetam 20-60 mg/kg/day as adjunctive treatment versus placebo in pediatric patients with partialonset seizures
    • Mintz M, Hunter S, Yang H, Schiemann J, Jones J, Stalvey T. Doubleblind, placebo-controlled, noninferiority study to evaluate the cognitive and neuropsychological effects of levetiracetam 20-60 mg/kg/day as adjunctive treatment versus placebo in pediatric patients with partialonset seizures. Epilepsia 2007; 48(Suppl. 6): 77417.
    • (2007) Epilepsia , vol.48 , Issue.SUPPL. 6 , pp. 77417
    • Mintz, M.1    Hunter, S.2    Yang, H.3    Schiemann, J.4    Jones, J.5    Stalvey, T.6
  • 97
    • 70149116298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploratory assessment of behavioral and emotional function in children and adolescents with partial-onset seizures treated with adjunctive levetiracetam in a randomized placebo-controlled trial
    • Abstract P02.094
    • De La Loge C, Hunter S, Schiemann J, Yang H. Exploratory assessment of behavioral and emotional function in children and adolescents with partial-onset seizures treated with adjunctive levetiracetam in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 2008; 70(Suppl. 1), A74, Abstract P02.094.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • De La Loge, C.1    Hunter, S.2    Schiemann, J.3    Yang, H.4
  • 98
    • 0035954353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term continuation of levetiracetam in patients with refractory epilepsy
    • Krakow K, Walker M, Otoul C, Sander JW. Long-term continuation of levetiracetam in patients with refractory epilepsy. Neurology 2001; 56: 1772-1774.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 1772-1774
    • Krakow, K.1    Walker, M.2    Otoul, C.3    Sander, J.W.4
  • 99
    • 33645015647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intermittent levetiracetam dosing in a patient with refractory daily seizures
    • Friedman D, French JA. Effects of intermittent levetiracetam dosing in a patient with refractory daily seizures. Neurology 2006; 66: 590-591.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , pp. 590-591
    • Friedman, D.1    French, J.A.2
  • 100
    • 84891513221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Keppra Pregnancy Registry
    • Bronstein KS, Leppik I, Montouris G, et al. Keppra Pregnancy Registry. Epilepsia 2007; 48(Suppl. 6): 77107.
    • (2007) Epilepsia , vol.48 , Issue.SUPPL. 6 , pp. 77107
    • Bronstein, K.S.1    Leppik, I.2    Montouris, G.3
  • 101
    • 24944571393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam in the treatment of status epilepticus in adults: a study of 13 episodes
    • Rosetti AO, Bromfield EB. Levetiracetam in the treatment of status epilepticus in adults: a study of 13 episodes. Eur Neurol 2005; 54: 34-38.
    • (2005) Eur Neurol , vol.54 , pp. 34-38
    • Rosetti, A.O.1    Bromfield, E.B.2
  • 102
    • 33845622922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of levetiracetam in hospitalized patients
    • Falip M, Carreño M, Amaro S, et al. Use of levetiracetam in hospitalized patients. Epilepsia 2006; 47: 2186-2188.
    • (2006) Epilepsia , vol.47 , pp. 2186-2188
    • Falip, M.1    Carreño, M.2    Amaro, S.3
  • 103
    • 4644219563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of levetiracetam in partial and generalized seizures: slower titration improves tolerability
    • Salanova V, Manley M. Efficacy of levetiracetam in partial and generalized seizures: slower titration improves tolerability. Epilepsia 2001; 42(Suppl. 7): 185.
    • (2001) Epilepsia , vol.42 , Issue.SUPPL. 7 , pp. 185
    • Salanova, V.1    Manley, M.2
  • 104
    • 0038401761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levetiracetam: pediatric experience
    • Ng Y, Wheless J. Levetiracetam: pediatric experience. Epilepsia 2001; 42(Suppl. 7): 55.
    • (2001) Epilepsia , vol.42 , Issue.SUPPL. 7 , pp. 55
    • Ng, Y.1    Wheless, J.2
  • 105
    • 0038739933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerability of levetiracetam in children with refractory epilepsy
    • Wannag E, Eriksson A, Brockmeier K. Tolerability of levetiracetam in children with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia 2001; 42(Suppl. 7): 57.
    • (2001) Epilepsia , vol.42 , Issue.SUPPL. 7 , pp. 57
    • Wannag, E.1    Eriksson, A.2    Brockmeier, K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.