Meta-analysis and indirect comparisons of levetiracetam with other second-generation antiepileptic drugs in partial epilepsy

Clinical Neuropharmacology

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 72-78

  Otoul, Christian ^a   Arrigo, Celestina ^a   Van Rijckevorsel, Kenou ^b   French, Jacqueline A ^c  

^a UCB PHARMA   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

^c HOSPITAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Antiepileptic drugs; Indirect comparison; Levetiracetam; Meta analysis; Refractory partial epilepsy

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ETIRACETAM; GABAPENTIN; LAMOTRIGINE; OXCARBAZEPINE; PLACEBO; TIAGABINE; TOPIRAMATE; ZONISAMIDE;

ADD ON THERAPY; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIAL; COCHRANE LIBRARY; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; FEMALE; FOCAL EPILEPSY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; META ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SIDE EFFECT; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE;

ANTICONVULSANTS; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; EPILEPSIES, PARTIAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; ODDS RATIO; PIRACETAM; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 16344368998     PISSN: 03625664     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.wnf.0000159956.87511.67     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Marson AG, Kadir ZA, Hutton JL, et al. The new antiepileptic drugs: a systematic review of their efficacy and tolerability. Epilepsia. 1997;38:859-880.
2. Marson AG, Hutton JL, Leach JP, et al. Levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, remacemide and zonisamide for drug-resistant localization-related epilepsy: a systematic review. Epilepsy Res. 2001;46:259-270.
3. Castillo S, Schmidt DB, White S. Oxcarbazepine add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, 2002, Issue 4. Oxford: Update Software Ltd, 2002.
4. Chadwick DW, Marson AG. Zonisamide add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, 2002, Issue 4. Oxford: Update Software Ltd, 2002.
5. Chaisewikul R, Privitera MD, Hutton JL, et al. Levetiracetam add-on for drug-resistant localization related (partial) epilepsy (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, 2001, Issue 4. Oxford: Update Software Ltd, 2001.
6. Jette NJ, Marson AG, Hutton JL. Topiramate add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, 2002, Issue 4. Oxford: Update Software Ltd, 2002.
7. Marson AG, Kadir ZA, Hutton JL, et al. Gabapentin add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, 2002, Issue 4. Oxford: Update Software Ltd, 2002.
8. Pereira J, Marson AG, Hutton JL. Tiagabine add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, 2002, Issue 4. Oxford: Update Software Ltd, 2002.
9. Ramaratnam S, Marson AG, Baker GA. Lamotrigine add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, 2002, Issue 4. Oxford: Update Software Ltd, 2002.
10. Felbamate. (Felbatol®). Physicians' Desk Reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Co, Inc., 2003, pp 3249-3253.
11. Vigabatrin. In: Shorvon SD, ed. Handbook of Epilepsy Treatment. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2000, pp 152-156.
12. Fleiss JL. Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1981.
13. Boissel JP, Buyse M, Cucherat M, et al. The problem of therapeutic efficacy indices. 2. Description of the indices. Therapie. 1999;54:309-314.
14. Fleiss JL. The statistical basis of meta-analysis. Stat Methods Med Res. 1993;2:121-145.
15. Cucherat M. Méta-analyse des essais thérapeutiques. Collection "Evaluation et Statistique" Paris: Masson, 1997.
16. Stangl DK, Berry DA, ed. Meta-Analysis in Medicine and Health Policy. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2000.
17. Normand SL. Meta-analysis: formulating, evaluating, combining, and reporting. Stat Med. 1999;18:321-359.
18. Emerson JD. Combining estimates of the odds ratio: the state of the art. Stat Methods Med Res. 1994;3:157-178.
19. Peto R, Pike MC, Armitage P, et al. Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. II. Analysis and examples. Br J Cancer. 1977;35:1-39.
20. Greenland S, Salvan A. Bias in the one-step method for pooling study results. Stat Med. 1990;9:247-252.
21. Mantel N, Haenszel W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1959;22:719-748.
22. Robins J, Greenland S, Breslow N. A general estimator for the variance of the Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio. Am J Epidemiol. 1986;254:719-723.
23. Mehta C, Patel N. PROC-StatXact4 for SAS Users (Statistical Software for Exact Nonparametric Inference). Cambridge, MA: Cytel Software Corp, 1999.
24. Song F, Glenny AM, Altman DG. Indirect comparison in evaluating relative efficacy illustrated by antimicrobial prophylaxis in colorectal surgery. Control Clin Trials. 2000;21:488-497.
25. Song F, Altman DG, Glenny AM, et al. Validity of indirect comparison for estimating efficacy of competing interventions: empirical evidence from published meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;326:472-476.
26. Bucher HC, Guyatt GH, Griffith LE, et al. The results of direct and indirect treatment comparisons in meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Epidemiol. 1997;50:683-691.
27. Cereghino JJ, Biton V, Abou-Khalil B, et al. Levetiracetam for partial seizures. Results of a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Neurology. 2000;55:236-242.
28. Shorvon SD, Löwenthal A, Janz D, et al. Multicenter double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of levetiracetam as add-on therapy in patients with refractory partial seizures. Epilepsia. 2000;41:1179-1186.
29. Ben-Menachem E, Falter U, for the European Levetiracetam Study Group. Efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam 3000 mg/d in patients with refractory partial seizures: a multicenter, double-blind, responder-selected study evaluating monotherapy. Epilepsia. 2000;41:1276-1283.
30. Betts T, Waegemans T, Crawford P. A multicentre, double-blind, randomized, parallel group study to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of two oral doses of levetiracetam, 2000 mg daily and 4000 mg daily, without titration in patients with refractory epilepsy. Seizure. 2000;9:80-87.
31. Boon P, Chauvel P, Pohlmann-Eden B, et al. Dose-response effect of levetiracetam 1000 and 2000 mg/day in partial epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2002;48:77-89.
32. French J, Edrich P, Cramer JA. A systematic review of the safety profile of levetiracetam: a new antiepileptic drug. Epilepsy Res. 2001;47:77-90.
33. Cramer JA, Arrigo C, Van Hammée G, et al. Effect of levetiracetam on epilepsy-related quality of life. N132 Study Group. Epilepsia. 2000;41:868-874.
34. Austin PC, Hux JE. A brief note on overlapping confidence intervals. J Vasc Surg. 2002;36:194-195.
35. Wolfe R, Hanley J. If we're so different, why do we keep overlapping? When 1 plus 1 doesn't make 2. Can Med Assoc J. 2002;166:65-66.