Statins in Candidemia: Clinical outcomes from a matched cohort study

BMC Infectious Diseases

Volumn 10, Issue , 2010, Pages

  Forrest, Graeme N ^a   Kopack, Angela M ^b   Perencevich, Eli N ^c  

^a PORTLAND VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b Infectious Diseases Associates   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B; ATORVASTATIN; ECHINOCANDIN; FLUCONAZOLE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; PRAVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC AGENT;

AGE; AGED; APACHE; ARTICLE; CANDIDA; CANDIDEMIA; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DEMOGRAPHY; DISEASE DURATION; FEMALE; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SURVIVAL RATE; SURVIVAL TIME; TREATMENT OUTCOME; CANDIDIASIS; CASE CONTROL STUDY; FUNGEMIA; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; TIME;

AGED; ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENTS; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; APACHE; CANDIDIASIS; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; FUNGEMIA; HUMANS; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 77952972676     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712334     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-152     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Gudlaugsson O, Gillespie S, Lee K, Vande Berg J, Hu J, Messer S, Herwaldt L, Pfaller M, Diekema D. Attributable mortality of nosocomial candidemia, revisited. Clin Infect Dis 2003, 37:1172-1177. 10.1086/378745, 14557960.
2. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Jones RN, Sader HS, Fluit AC, Hollis RJ, Messer SA. International surveillance of bloodstream infections due to Candida species: frequency of occurrence and in vitro susceptibilities to fluconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole of isolates collected from 1997 through 1999 in the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program. J Clin Microbiol 2001, 39:3254-3259. 10.1128/JCM.39.9.3254-3259.2001, 88327, 11526159.
3. Garey KW, Rege M, Pai MP, Mingo DE, Suda KJ, Turpin RS, Bearden DT. Time to initiation of fluconazole therapy impacts mortality in patients with candidemia: a multi-institutional study. Clin Infect Dis 2006, 43:25-31. 10.1086/504810, 16758414.
4. Garey KW, Turpin RS, Bearden DT, Pai MP, Suda KJ. Economic analysis of inadequate fluconazole therapy in non-neutropenic patients with candidaemia: a multi-institutional study. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007, 29:557-562. 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.01.001, 17341444.
5. Gupta R, Plantinga LC, Fink NE, Melamed ML, Coresh J, Fox CS, Levin NW, Powe NR. Statin use and hospitalization for sepsis in patients with chronic kidney disease. JAMA 2007, 297:1455-1464. 10.1001/jama.297.13.1455, 17405971.
6. Majumdar SR, McAlister FA, Eurich DT, Padwal RS, Marrie TJ. Statins and outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with community acquired pneumonia: population based prospective cohort study. BMJ 2006, 333:999. 10.1136/bmj.38992.565972.7C, 1635620, 17060337.
7. Frost FJ, Petersen H, Tollestrup K, Skipper B. Influenza and COPD mortality protection as pleiotropic, dose-dependent effects of statins. Chest 2007, 131:1006-1012. 10.1378/chest.06-1997, 17426203.
8. Bearman GM, Shankaran S, Elam K. Treatment of Severe Cases of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza: Review of Antivirals and Adjuvant Therapy. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 2010,
9. Almog Y, Shefer A, Novack V, Maimon N, Barski L, Eizinger M, Friger M, Zeller L, Danon A. Prior statin therapy is associated with a decreased rate of severe sepsis. Circulation 2004, 110:880-885. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000138932.17956.F1, 15289367.
10. Pahan K, Sheikh FG, Namboodiri AM, Singh I. Lovastatin and phenylacetate inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase and cytokines in rat primary astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages. J Clin Invest 1997, 100:2671-2679. 10.1172/JCI119812, 508470, 9389730.
11. Pruefer D, Scalia R, Lefer AM. Simvastatin inhibits leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and protects against inflammatory processes in normocholesterolemic rats. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999, 19:2894-2900.
12. Novack V, Eisinger M, Frenkel A, Terblanche M, Adhikari NK, Douvdevani A, Amichay D, Almog Y. The effects of statin therapy on inflammatory cytokines in patients with bacterial infections: a randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. Intensive Care Med 2009, 35:1255-1260. 10.1007/s00134-009-1429-0, 19205663.
13. Macreadie IG, Johnson G, Schlosser T, Macreadie PI. Growth inhibition of Candida species and Aspergillus fumigatus by statins. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006, 262:9-13. 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00370.x, 16907733.
14. Macreadie P, Avery T, Greatrex B, Taylor D, Macreadie I. Novel endoperoxides: synthesis and activity against Candida species. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006, 16:920-922. 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.10.101, 16297620.
15. Westermeyer C, Macreadie IG. Simvastatin reduces ergosterol levels, inhibits growth and causes loss of mtDNA in Candida glabrata. FEMS Yeast Res 2007, 7:436-441. 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2006.00194.x, 17257373.
16. Wikhe K, Westermeyer C, Macreadie IG. Biological consequences of statins in Candida species and possible implications for human health. Biochem Soc Trans 2007, 35:1529-1532. 10.1042/BST0351529, 18031260.
17. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, Fein AM, Knaus WA, Schein RM, Sibbald WJ. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 1992, 101:1644-1655. 10.1378/chest.101.6.1644, 1303622.
18. Hall WH, Ramachandran R, Narayan S, Jani AB, Vijayakumar S. An electronic application for rapidly calculating Charlson comorbidity score. BMC Cancer 2004, 4:94. 10.1186/1471-2407-4-94, 545968, 15610554.
19. Weinberger M, Leibovici L, Perez S, Samra Z, Ostfeld I, Levi I, Bash E, Turner D, Goldschmied-Reouven A, Regev-Yochay G, Pitlik SD, Keller N. Characteristics of candidaemia with Candida-albicans compared with non-albicans Candida species and predictors of mortality. J Hosp Infect 2005, 61:146-154. 10.1016/j.jhin.2005.02.009, 16009456.
20. Westermeyer C, Macreadie IG. Simvastatin reduces ergosterol levels, inhibits growth and causes loss of mtDNA in Candida glabrata. FEMS Yeast Res 2007, 7:436-441. 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2006.00194.x, 17257373.
21. Nash JD, Burgess DS, Talbert RL. Effect of fluvastatin and pravastatin, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, on fluconazole activity against Candida albicans. J Med Microbiol 2002, 51:105-109. 10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00059-3, 11863260.
22. Liappis AP, Kan VL, Rochester CG, Simon GL. The effect of statins on mortality in patients with bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 2001, 33:1352-1357. 10.1086/323334, 11565076.
23. Hackam DG, Mamdani M, Li P, Redelmeier DA. Statins and sepsis in patients with cardiovascular disease: a population-based cohort analysis. Lancet 2006, 367:413-418. 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68041-0, 16458766.
24. Martin CP, Talbert RL, Burgess DS, Peters JI. Effectiveness of statins in reducing the rate of severe sepsis: a retrospective evaluation. Pharmacotherapy 2007, 27:20-26. 10.1592/phco.27.1.20, 17192158.
25. Stefanec T. The effects of statins on mortality rates among bacteremic patients. Clin Infect Dis 2002, 34:1158. 10.1086/339763, 11915009.
26. Haldar K. Targeting the host to control an infection disorder. Arch Intern Med 2008, 168:2067-2068. 10.1001/archinte.168.19.2067, 18955634.
27. Thomsen RW, Riis A, Kornum JB, Christensen S, Johnsen SP, Sorensen HT. Preadmission use of statins and outcomes after hospitalization with pneumonia: population-based cohort study of 29,900 patients. Arch Intern Med 2008, 168:2081-2087. 10.1001/archinte.168.19.2081, 18955636.
28. Christensen S, Thomsen RW, Johansen MB, Pedersen L, Jensen R, Larsen KM, Larsson A, Tonnesen E, Sorensen HT. Preadmission statin use and one-year mortality among patients in intensive care - A cohort study. Crit Care 2010, 14:R29. 10.1186/cc8902, 20214779.
29. Schmidt H, Hennen R, Keller A, Russ M, Muller-Werdan U, Werdan K, Buerke M. Association of statin therapy and increased survival in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Intensive Care Med 2006, 32:1248-1251. 10.1007/s00134-006-0246-y, 16788803.
30. Kruger PS, Freir NM, Venkatesh B, Robertson TA, Roberts MS, Jones M. A preliminary study of atorvastatin plasma concentrations in critically ill patients with sepsis. Intensive Care Med 2009, 35:717-721. 10.1007/s00134-008-1358-3, 19034423.
31. Fernandez R, De PV, Artigas A. Statin therapy prior to ICU admission: protection against infection or a severity marker?. Intensive Care Med 2006, 32:160-164. 10.1007/s00134-005-2743-9, 16086178.