Evolution of seed dispersal in North American Ephedra

Evolutionary Ecology

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 333-345

  Hollander, Jennifer L ^a   Vander Wall, Stephen B ^a   Baguley, Jeffrey G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

Author keywords

Endozoochory; Frugivory; Rodent caching; Scatter hoarding; Wind dispersal

Indexed keywords

FRUGIVORY; FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENETICS; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; RODENT; SEED DISPERSAL; SEMIARID REGION; SHRUB; ZOOCHORY;

NORTH AMERICA;

AVES; EPHEDRA; EPHEDRA ANTISYPHILITICA; EPHEDRA CALIFORNICA; EPHEDRA FUNEREA; EPHEDRA NEVADENSIS; EPHEDRA TORREYANA; EPHEDRA TRIFURCA; EPHEDRA VIRIDIS; EPHEDRACEAE; GNETALES; GYMNOSPERMAE; RODENTIA;

EID: 77952741164     PISSN: 02697653     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10682-009-9309-1     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Benkman CW, Siepielski AM (2004) A keystone selective agent? Pine squirrels and the frequency of serotiny in lodgepole pine. Ecology 85: 2082-2087. doi: 10. 1890/04-0177.
2. Chambers JC, MacMahon JA (1994) A day in the life of a seed: movements and fates of seeds and their implications for natural and managed systems. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 25: 263-292. doi: 10. 1146/annurev. es. 25. 110194. 001403.
3. Crane PR (1996) The fossil history of the Gnetales. Int J Plant Sci 157(6 Suppl): S50-S57. doi: 10. 1086/297403.
4. Cutler HC (1939) Monograph of the North American species of the genus Ephedra. Ann Mo Bot Gard 26: 373-428. doi: 10. 2307/2394299.
5. Davidson DW, Morton SR (1984) Dispersal adaptations of some Acacia species in the Australian arid zone. Ecology 65: 1038-1051. doi: 10. 2307/1938312.
6. Freitag H, Maier-Stolte M (1989) The Ephedra-species of P. Forsskal: identity and typification. Taxonomy 38: 545-556. doi: 10. 2307/1222629.
7. Friedman WE (1990) Double fertilization in ephedra, a nonflowering seed plant: its bearing on the origin of angiosperms. Science 247: 951-954. doi: 10. 1126/science. 247. 4945. 951.
8. Friedman WE, Carmichael JS (1996) Double fertilization in Gnetales: implications for understanding reproductive diversification among seed plants. Int J Plant Sci 157(6 Suppl): S77-S94. doi: 10. 1086/297405.
9. Gendron RP, Reichman OJ (1995) Food perishability and inventory management: a comparison of three caching strategies. Am Nat 145: 948-968. doi: 10. 1086/285778.
10. Greene DF, Johnson EA (1989) A model of wind dispersal of winged or plumed seeds. Ecology 70: 339-347. doi: 10. 2307/1937538.
11. Hollander JL, Vander Wall SB (2004) Effectiveness of six species of rodents as dispersers of singleleaf piñon pine (Pinus monophylla). Oecologia 138: 57-65. doi: 10. 1007/s00442-003-1393-2.
12. Hollander JL, Vander Wall SB (2009) Seed dispersal in North American Ephedra. Int J Plant Sci 170: 323-330. doi: 10. 1086/596334.
13. Huang J, Price RA (2003) Estimation of the age of extant Ephedra using chloroplast rbcL sequence data. Mol Biol Evol 20: 435-440. doi: 10. 1093/molbev/msg049.
14. Huang J, Giannasi DE, Price RA (2005) Phylogenetic relationships in Ephedra (Ephedraceae) inferred from chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 35: 48-59. doi: 10. 1016/j. ympev. 2004. 12. 020.
15. Ickert-Bond SM, Wojciechowski MF (2004) Phylogenetic relationships in Ephedra (Gnetales): evidence from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data. Syst Bot 29: 834-849. doi: 10. 1600/0363644042451143.
16. Jansen PA, Bongers F, Hemerik L (2004) Seed mass and mast seedling enhance dispersal by a neotropical scatter-hoarding rodent. Ecol Monogr 74: 569-589. doi: 10. 1890/03-4042.
17. Lanner RM (1998) Seed dispersal in Pinus. In: Richardson DM (ed) Ecology and biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 281-295.
18. Longland WS, Jenkins SH, VanderWall SB, Veech JA, Pyare S (2001) Seedling recruitment in Oryzopsis hymenoides: are desert granivores mutualists or predators? Ecology 82: 3131-3148.
19. Meyer SE, Kitchen SG, Wilson GR, Stevens R (1988) Proposed rule: Ephedra viridis green Mormon tea. Assoc Off Seed Anal Newsl 62: 18-19.
20. Price RA (1996) Systematics of the Gnetales: a review of morphological and molecular evidence. Int J Plant Sci 157(6 Suppl): S40-S49. doi: 10. 1086/297402.
21. Price MV, Jenkins SH (1986) Rodents as seed consumers and dispersers. In: Murray DR (ed) Seed dispersal. Academic Press, Orlando, pp 191-235.
22. Russo SE, Portnoy S, Augspurger CK (2006) Incorporating animal behavior into seed dispersal models: implications for seed shadows. Ecology 87: 3160-3174. doi: 10. 1890/0012-9658(2006)87[3160: IABISD]2. 0. CO; 2.
23. Rydin C, Pedersen KR, Friis EM (2004) On the evolutionary history of Ephedra: cretaceous fossils and extant molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 16571-16576. doi: 10. 1073/pnas. 0407588101.
24. SAS Institute Inc. (1989) SAS/STAT user's guide, version 6, vol 1-2, 4th edn. SAS Institute Inc., Cary 943 pp.
25. Smith CC, Fretwell SD (1974) The optimal balance between size and number of offspring. Am Nat 108: 499-506. doi: 10. 1086/282929.
26. Stapanian MA, Smith CC (1978) A model for seed scatterhoarding: coevolution of fox squirrels and black walnuts. Ecology 59: 884-896. doi: 10. 2307/1938541.
27. Stapf O (1889) Die Arten der Gattung Ephedra. Denkscr Kaiserl Akad Wiss Wien Math Nat Wiss Kl 56: 1-112.
28. Stevenson DW (1993) Mormon-tea or joint-fir family. In: Flora of North America north of Mexico, vol. 2; pteridophytes and gymnosperms, pp. 428-434.
29. Thomson JD, Wilson P (2008) Explaining evolutionary shifts between bee and hummingbird pollination: convergence, divergence, and directionality. Int J Plant Sci 169: 23-38. doi: 10. 1086/523361.
30. Tomback DF, Linhart YB (1990) The evolution of bird-dispersed pines. Evol Ecol 4: 185-219. doi: 10. 1007/BF02214330.
31. Vander Wall SB (1990) Food hoarding in animals. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
32. Vander Wall SB (1992) The role of animals in dispersing a "wind-dispersed" pine. Ecology 73: 614-621. doi: 10. 2307/1940767.
33. Vander Wall SB (1993) Cache site selection by chipmunks (Tamias spp.) and its influence on the effectiveness of seed dispersal in Jeffrey Pine (Pinus jeffreyi). Oecologia 96: 246-252. doi: 10. 1007/BF00317738.
34. Vander Wall SB (2001) The evolutionary ecology of nut dispersal. Bot Rev 67: 74-117. doi: 10. 1007/BF02857850.
35. Vander Wall SB (2003) Effects of seed size of wind-dispersed pines (Pinus) on secondary seed dispersal and the caching behavior of rodents. Oikos 100: 25-34. doi: 10. 1034/j. 1600-0706. 2003. 11973. x.
36. Vander Wall SB, Longland WS (2004) Diplochory and the evolution of seed dispersal. In: Forget PM et al (eds) Seed fate: predation, dispersal and seedling establishment. CABI Publishing, London.
37. Vander Wall SB, Kuhn KM, Gworek JR (2005) Two-phase seed dispersal: linking the effects of frugivorous birds and seed-caching rodents. Oecologia 145: 282-287. doi: 10. 1007/s00442-005-0125-1.