Perspectives on Fatigue from the Study of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Related Conditions

PM and R

Volumn 2, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 414-430

  Clauw, Daniel J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; AMITRIPTYLINE; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOBENZAPRINE; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; DULOXETINE; GABAPENTIN; GROWTH HORMONE; GUAIFENESIN; HYPNOTIC AGENT; MILNACIPRAN; NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; NEUROTRANSMITTER; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; NORADRENALIN; OPIATE; PREGABALIN; S ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; SEROTONIN; SEROTONIN NORADRENALIN REUPTAKE INHIBITOR; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; TRAMADOL; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; VENLAFAXINE;

ARTHRALGIA; ARTICLE; AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION; BEDTIME DOSAGE; BEHAVIOR; CENTRAL SENSITIVITY SYNDROME; CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; FATIGUE; FIBROMYALGIA; HEADACHE; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; INFECTION; INFLAMMATION; IRRITABLE COLON; LOW DRUG DOSE; MEMORY DISORDER; MOOD; MUSCLE STIFFNESS; MYALGIA; PAIN; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSORY DYSFUNCTION; SLEEP DISORDER; SOMATIC SYMPTOM; SORE THROAT; STRESS; SYMPTOM; SYNDROME; TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDER;

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC; FIBROMYALGIA; HUMANS; INFECTION; IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME; NEUROTRANSMITTER AGENTS; PAIN; TERMINOLOGY AS TOPIC; TWIN STUDIES AS TOPIC;

EID: 77952722762     PISSN: 19341482     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.04.010     Document Type: Article

References (162)

1. Buchwald D., Cheney P.R., Peterson D.L., et al. A chronic illness characterized by fatigue, neurologic and immunologic disorders, and active human herpesvirus type 6 infection. [see comments]. Ann Intern Med 116 (1992) 103-113
2. Mawle A.C., Nisenbaum R., Dobbins J.G., et al. Seroepidemiology of chronic fatigue syndrome: A case-control study. Clin Infect Dis 21 (1995) 1386-1389
3. Mawle A.C., Nisenbaum R., Dobbins J.G., et al. Immune responses associated with chronic fatigue syndrome: A case-control study. J Infect Dis 175 (1997) 136-141
4. Nisenbaum R., Reyes M., Mawle A.C., and Reeves W.C. Factor analysis of unexplained severe fatigue and interrelated symptoms: Overlap with criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome. Am J Epidemiol 148 (1998) 72-77
5. Raison C.L., Lin J.M., and Reeves W.C. Association of peripheral inflammatory markers with chronic fatigue in a population-based sample. Brain Behav Immun 23 (2009) 327-337
6. Swanink C.M., van der Meer J.W., Vercoulen J.H., Bleijenberg G., Fennis J.F., and Galama J.M. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the chronic fatigue syndrome: Normal virus load in blood and normal immunologic reactivity in the EBV regression assay. Clin Infect Dis 20 (1995) 1390-1392
7. Nasralla M., Haier J., and Nicolson G.L. Multiple mycoplasmal infections detected in blood of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and/or fibromyalgia syndrome. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 18 (1999) 859-865
8. Nicolson G.L., and Rosenberg-Nicolson N.L. Doxycycline treatment and Desert Storm. J Am Med Assoc 273 (1995) 618-619
9. Fukuda K., Nisenbaum R., Stewart G., et al. Chronic multisymptom illness affecting Air Force veterans of the Gulf War. JAMA 280 (1998) 981-988
10. Nisenbaum R., Barrett D.H., Reyes M., and Reeves W.C. Deployment stressors and a chronic multisymptom illness among Gulf War veterans. J Nervous Mental Dis 188 (2000) 259-266
11. Levine P.H. Epidemic neuromyasthenia and chronic fatigue syndrome: Epidemiological importance of a cluster definition. Clin Infect Dis 18 Suppl 1 (1994) S16-S20
12. Jason L.A., Corradi K., Torres-Harding S., Taylor R.R., and King C. Chronic fatigue syndrome: The need for subtypes. Neuropsychol Rev 15 (2005) 29-58
13. Aslakson E., Vollmer-Conna U., Reeves W.C., and White P.D. Replication of an empirical approach to delineate the heterogeneity of chronic unexplained fatigue. Popul Health Metr 7 (2009) 17
14. Fukuda K., Straus S.E., Hickie I., Sharpe M.C., Dobbins J.G., and Komaroff A. The chronic fatigue syndrome: A comprehensive approach to its definition and study. International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group. Ann Intern Med 121 (1994) 953-959
15. Reeves W.C., Jones J.F., Maloney E., et al. Prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome in metropolitan, urban, and rural Georgia. Popul Health Metr 5 (2007) 5
16. Wolfe F., Smythe H.A., Yunus M.B., et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the Classification of Fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum 33 (1990) 160-172
17. Aaron L.A., and Buchwald D. A review of the evidence for overlap among unexplained clinical conditions. Ann Intern Med 134 (2001) 868-881
18. Aaron L.A., Herrell R., Ashton S., et al. Comorbid clinical conditions in chronic fatigue: A co-twin control study. J Gen Intern Med 16 (2001) 24-31
19. Hickie I., Davenport T., Vernon S.D., et al. Are chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome valid clinical entities across countries and health-care settings?. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 43 (2009) 25-35
20. Cho H.J., Menezes P.R., Hotopf M., Bhugra D., and Wessely S. Comparative epidemiology of chronic fatigue syndrome in Brazilian and British primary care: Prevalence and recognition. Br J Psychiatry 194 (2009) 117-122
21. Njoku M.G., Jason L.A., and Torres-Harding S.R. The prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome in Nigeria. J Health Psychol 12 (2007) 461-474
22. Kim C.H., Shin H.C., and Won C.W. Prevalence of chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome in Korea: Community-based primary care study. J Korean Med Sci 20 (2005) 529-534
23. Van't Leven M, Zielhuis GA, van der Meer JW, Verbeek AL, Bleijenberg G. Fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome-like complaints in the general population. Eur J Public Health, in press.
24. Lin J.M., Brimmer D.J., Maloney E.M., Nyarko E., Belue R., and Reeves W.C. Further validation of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory in a US adult population sample. Popul Health Metr 7 (2009) 18
25. Cook D.B., Nagelkirk P.R., Peckerman A., Poluri A., LaManca J.J., and Natelson B.H. Perceived exertion in fatiguing illness: Civilians with chronic fatigue syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35 (2003) 563-568
26. Fischler B., Dendale P., Michiels V., Cluydts R., Kaufman L., and De Meirleir K. Physical fatigability and exercise capacity in chronic fatigue syndrome: Association with disability, somatization and psychopathology. J Psychosom Res 42 (1997) 369-378
27. Riley M.S., O'Brien C.J., McCluskey D.R., Bell N.P., and Nicholls D.P. Aerobic work capacity in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. [see comments]. Br Med J 301 (1990) 953-956
28. Weinstein A.A., Drinkard B.M., Diao G., et al. Exploratory analysis of the relationships between aerobic capacity and self-reported fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, polymyositis, and chronic fatigue syndrome. PM R 1 (2009) 620-628
29. Blackwood S.K., Machale S.M., Power M.J., Goodwin G.M., and Lawrie S.M. Effects of exercise on cognitive and motor function in chronic fatigue syndrome and depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 65 (1998) 541-546
30. Schillings M.L., Kalkman J.S., van der Werf S.P., van Engelen B.G., Bleijenberg G., and Zwarts M.J. Diminished central activation during maximal voluntary contraction in chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Neurophysiol 115 (2004) 2518-2524
31. Georgiades E., Behan W.M., Kilduff L.P., et al. Chronic fatigue syndrome: New evidence for a central fatigue disorder. Clin Sci (Lond) 105 (2003) 213-218
32. Yunus M.B. Primary fibromyalgia syndrome: Current concepts. Compr Ther 10 (1984) 21-28
33. Yunus M.B. Central sensitivity syndromes: A new paradigm and group nosology for fibromyalgia and overlapping conditions, and the related issue of disease versus illness. Semin Arthritis Rheum 37 (2008) 339-352
34. Hudson J.I., Hudson M.S., Pliner L.F., Goldenberg D.L., and Pope H.G.J. Fibromyalgia and major affective disorder: A controlled phenomenology and family history study. Am J Psychiatry 142 (1985) 441-446
35. Hudson J.I., and Pope H.G.J. Fibromyalgia and psychopathology: Is fibromyalgia a form of "affective spectrum disorder"?. J Rheumatol Suppl 19 (1989) 15-22
36. Hudson J.I., Goldenberg D.L., Pope H.G.J., Keck P.E.J., and Schlesinger L. Comorbidity of fibromyalgia with medical and psychiatric disorders. Am J Med 92 (1993) 363-367
37. Aaron L.A., Bradley L.A., Alarcon G.S., et al. Psychiatric diagnoses in patients with fibromyalgia are related to health care-seeking behavior rather than to illness. [see comments]. Arthritis Rheum 39 (1996) 436-445
38. Drossman D.A., Li Z.M., Andruzzi E., et al. U.S. householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders: Prevalence, sociodemography, and health impact. Digestive Dis Sci 38 (1993) 1569-1580
39. Kato K., Sullivan P.F., Evengard B., and Pedersen N.L. A population-based twin study of functional somatic syndromes. Psychol Med (2008) 1-9
40. Buskila D., Sarzi-Puttini P., and Ablin J.N. The genetics of fibromyalgia syndrome. Pharmacogenomics 8 (2007) 67-74
41. Arnold L.M., Hudson J.I., Hess E.V., et al. Family study of fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 50 (2004) 944-952
42. Williams D.A., Brown S.C., Clauw D.J., and Gendreau R.M. Self-reported symptoms before and after September 11 in patients with fibromyalgia. JAMA 289 (2003) 1637-1638
43. Raphael K.G., Natelson B.H., Janal M.N., and Nayak S. A community-based survey of fibromyalgia-like pain complaints following the World Trade Center terrorist attacks. Pain 100 (2002) 131-139
44. Joyce E., Blumenthal S., and Wessely S. Memory, attention, and executive function in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 60 (1996) 495-503
45. Briggs N.C., and Levine P.H. A comparative review of systemic and neurological symptomatology in 12 outbreaks collectively described as chronic fatigue syndrome, epidemic neuromyasthenia, and myalgic encephalomyelitis. Clin Infect Dis 18 Suppl 1 (1994) S32-S42
46. Boone K.B. Fixed belief in cognitive dysfunction despite normal neuropsychological scores: Neurocognitive hypochondriasis?. Clin Neuropsychol 23 (2009) 1016-1036
47. Altay H.T., Toner B.B., Brooker H., Abbey S.E., Salit I.E., and Garfinkel P.E. The neuropsychological dimensions of postinfectious neuromyasthenia (chronic fatigue syndrome): A preliminary report. Int J Psychiatry Med 20 (1990) 141-149
48. Christodoulou C., DeLuca J., Lange G., et al. Relation between neuropsychological impairment and functional disability in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome [see comments]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 64 (1998) 431-434
49. DeLuca J., Johnson S.K., and Natelson B.H. Information processing efficiency in chronic fatigue syndrome and multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 50 (1993) 301-304
50. Haig-Ferguson A., Tucker P., Eaton N., Hunt L., and Crawley E. Memory and attention problems in children with chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalopathy. Arch Dis Child 94 (2009) 757-762
51. Vollmer-Conna U., Wakefield D., et al. Cognitive deficits in patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome, acute infective illness or depression. Br J Psychiatry 171 (1997) 377-381
52. Majer M., Welberg L.A., Capuron L., Miller A.H., Pagnoni G., and Reeves W.C. Neuropsychological performance in persons with chronic fatigue syndrome: Results from a population-based study. Psychosom Med 70 (2008) 829-836
53. Schrijvers D., Van Den Eede F., Maas Y., Cosyns P., Hulstijn W., and Sabbe B.G. Psychomotor functioning in chronic fatigue syndrome and major depressive disorder: A comparative study. J Affect Disord 115 (2009) 46-53
54. Cope H., Pernet A., Kendall B., and David A. Cognitive functioning and magnetic resonance imaging in chronic fatigue. Br J Psychiatry 167 (1995) 86-94
55. Greco A., Tannock C., Brostoff J., and Costa D.C. Brain MR in chronic fatigue syndrome. Am J Neuroradiol 18 (1997) 1265-1269
56. Natelson B.H., Cohen J.M., Brassloff I., and Lee H.J. A controlled study of brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome. J Neurol Sci 120 (1993) 213-217
57. Schwartz R.B., Komaroff A.L., Garada B.M., et al. SPECT imaging of the brain: Comparison of findings in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, AIDS dementia complex, and major unipolar depression. Am J Roentgenol 162 (1994) 943-951
58. Lange G., DeLuca J., Maldjian J.A., Lee H., Tiersky L.A., and Natelson B.H. Brain MRI abnormalities exist in a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome [see comments]. J Neurol Sci 171 (1999) 3-7
59. De Lange F.P., Koers A., Kalkman J.S., et al. Increase in prefrontal cortical volume following cognitive behavioural therapy in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain 131 (2008) 2172-2180
60. Caseras X., Mataix-Cols D., Rimes K.A., et al. The neural correlates of fatigue: An exploratory imaginal fatigue provocation study in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychol Med 38 (2008) 941-951
61. Buchwald D., Pascualy R., Bombardier C., and Kith P. Sleep disorders in patients with chronic fatigue. Clinical Infectious Diseases 18 Suppl 1 (1994) S68-S72
62. Fischler B., Le Bon O., Hoffmann G., Cluydts R., Kaufman L., and De Meirleir K. Sleep anomalies in the chronic fatigue syndrome. A comorbidity study. Neuropsychobiology 35 (1997) 115-122
63. Krupp L.B., Jandorf L., Coyle P.K., and Mendelson W.B. Sleep disturbance in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res 37 4 (1993) 325-331
64. Moldofsky H. The significance of the sleeping-waking brain for the understanding of widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue in fibromyalgia syndrome and allied syndromes. Joint Bone Spine 75 (2008) 397-402
65. Harvey S.B., Wadsworth M., Wessely S., and Hotopf M. Etiology of chronic fatigue syndrome: Testing popular hypotheses using a national birth cohort study. Psychosom Med 70 (2008) 488-495
66. Glass J.M., Lyden A., Petzke F., and Clauw D. The effect of brief exercise cessation on pain, fatigue, and mood symptom development in healthy, fit individuals. J Psychosom Res 57 (2004) 391-398
67. Sharpe M., and Bass C. Pathophysiological mechanisms in somatization. Int Rev Psychiatry 4 (1992) 81-97
68. van der Linden G., Chalder T., Hickie I., Koschera A., Sham P., and Wessely S. Fatigue and psychiatric disorder: Different or the same?. Psychol Med 29 (1999) 863-868
69. Harvey S.B., Wadsworth M., Wessely S., and Hotopf M. The relationship between prior psychiatric disorder and chronic fatigue: Evidence from a national birth cohort study. Psychol Med 38 (2008) 933-940
70. Fukuda S., Kuratsune H., Tajima S., et al. Premorbid personality in chronic fatigue syndrome as determined by the Temperament and Character Inventory. Compr Psychiatry 51 (2010) 78-85
71. Hadlandsmyth K., and Vowles K.E. Does depression mediate the relation between fatigue severity and disability in chronic fatigue syndrome sufferers?. J Psychosom Res 66 (2009) 31-35
72. Buchwald D., Umali J., Pearlman T., Kith P., Ashley R., and Wener M. Postinfectious chronic fatigue: A distinct syndrome?. Clin Infect Dis 23 (1996) 385-387
73. Sejvar J.J., Curns A.T., Welburg L., et al. Neurocognitive and functional outcomes in persons recovering from West Nile virus illness. J Neuropsychol 2 (2008) 477-499
74. Lam M.H., Wing Y.K., Yu M.W., et al. Mental morbidities and chronic fatigue in severe acute respiratory syndrome survivors: Long-term follow-up. Arch Intern Med 169 (2009) 2142-2147
75. Vallings R. A case of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome following H1N1 influenza (swine influenza). J Clin Pathol 63 (2010) 184-185
76. Hickie I., Davenport T., Wakefield D., et al. Post-infective and chronic fatigue syndromes precipitated by viral and non-viral pathogens: Prospective cohort study. BMJ 333 7568 (2006) 575
77. Vollmer-Conna U., Cameron B., Hadzi-Pavlovic D., et al. Postinfective fatigue syndrome is not associated with altered cytokine production. Clin Infect Dis 45 (2007) 732-735
78. Halvorson H.A., Schlett C.D., and Riddle M.S. Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome-a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 101 (2006) 1894-1899
79. Hamilton W.T., Gallagher A.M., Thomas J.M., and White P.D. Risk markers for both chronic fatigue and irritable bowel syndromes: A prospective case-control study in primary care. Psychol Med 39 (2009) 1913-1921
80. Lombardi V.C., Ruscetti F.W., Das G.J., et al. Detection of an infectious retrovirus, XMRV, in blood cells of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Science 326 (2009) 585-589
81. Antoni M.H., Brickman A., Lutgendorf S., Klimas N., et al. Psychosocial correlates of illness burden in chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 18 Suppl 1 (1994) S73-S78
82. Byrnes A., Jacks A., Dahlman-Wright K., et al. Gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes in monozygotic twins discordant for chronic fatigue: No evidence of a biomarker. PLoS One 4 (2009) e5805
83. Wolfe F., Ross K., Anderson J., and Russell I.J. Aspects of fibromyalgia in the general population: Sex, pain threshold, and fibromyalgia symptoms. J Rheumatol 22 (1995) 151-156
84. Wolfe F. The relation between tender points and fibromyalgia symptom variables: Evidence that fibromyalgia is not a discrete disorder in the clinic. Ann Rheumatic Dis 56 (1997) 268-271
85. Gracely R.H., Grant M.A., and Giesecke T. Evoked pain measures in fibromyalgia. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 17 (2003) 593-609
86. Petzke F., Gracely R.H., Khine A., and Clauw D.J. Pain sensitivity in patients with fibromyalgia (FM): Expectancy effects on pain measurements. Arthritis Rheum 42 9 Suppl (1999) S342
87. Petzke F., Khine A., Williams D., Groner K., Clauw D.J., and Gracely R.H. Dolorimetry performed at 3 paired tender points highly predicts overall tenderness. J Rheumatol 28 (2001) 2568-2569
88. Petzke F., Clauw D.J., Ambrose K., Khine A., and Gracely R.H. Increased pain sensitivity in fibromyalgia: Effects of stimulus type and mode of presentation. Pain 105 (2003) 403-413
89. Petzke F., Khine A., Williams D., Groner K., Clauw D.J., and Gracely R.H. Dolorimetry performed at 3 paired tender points highly predicts overall tenderness. J Rheumatol 28 (2001) 2568-2569
90. Gibson S.J., Littlejohn G.O., Gorman M.M., Helme R.D., and Granges G. Altered heat pain thresholds and cerebral event-related potentials following painful CO2 laser stimulation in subjects with fibromyalgia syndrome. Pain 58 (1994) 185-193
91. Kosek E., and Hansson P. Modulatory influence on somatosensory perception from vibration and heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation (HNCS) in fibromyalgia patients and healthy subjects. Pain 70 (1997) 41-51
92. Geisser M.E., Casey K.L., Brucksch C.B., Ribbens C.M., Appleton B.B., and Crofford L.J. Perception of noxious and innocuous heat stimulation among healthy women and women with fibromyalgia: Association with mood, somatic focus, and catastrophizing. Pain 102 (2003) 243-250
93. Kosek E., Ekholm J., and Hansson P. Sensory dysfunction in fibromyalgia patients with implications for pathogenic mechanisms. Pain 68 (1996) 375-383
94. Arroyo J.F., and Cohen M.L. Abnormal responses to electrocutaneous stimulation in fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 20 (1993) 1925-1931
95. Giesecke J., Reed B.D., Haefner H.K., Giesecke T., Clauw D.J., and Gracely R.H. Quantitative sensory testing in vulvodynia patients and increased peripheral pressure pain sensitivity. Obstet Gynecol 104 (2004) 126-133
96. Maixner W., Fillingim R., Booker D., and Sigurdsson A. Sensitivity of patients with painful temporomandibular disorders to experimentally evoked pain. Pain 63 (1995) 341-351
97. Clauw D.J., Schmidt M., Radulovic D., Singer A., Katz P., and Bresette J. The relationship between fibromyalgia and interstitial cystitis. J Psychiatr Res 31 (1997) 125-131
98. Ness T.J., Powell-Boone T., Cannon R., Lloyd L.K., and Fillingim R.B. Psychophysical evidence of hypersensitivity in subjects with interstitial cystitis. J Urol 173 (2005) 1983-1987
99. Meeus M., Nijs J., Van de Wauwer N., Toeback L., and Truijen S. Diffuse noxious inhibitory control is delayed in chronic fatigue syndrome: An experimental study. Pain 139 (2008) 439-448
100. Gracely R.H., Petzke F., Wolf J.M., and Clauw D.J. Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence of augmented pain processing in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 46 (2002) 1333-1343
101. Naliboff B.D., Derbyshire S.W., Munakata J., et al. Cerebral activation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and control subjects during rectosigmoid stimulation. Psychosom Med 63 (2001) 365-375
102. Giesecke T., Gracely R.H., Grant M.A., et al. Evidence of augmented central pain processing in idiopathic chronic low back pain. Arthritis Rheum 50 (2004) 613-623
103. Gerster J.C., and Hadj-Djilani A. Hearing and vestibular abnormalities in primary fibrositis syndrome. J Rheumatol 11 (1984) 678-680
104. Hollins M., Harper D., Gallagher S., et al. Perceived intensity and unpleasantness of cutaneous and auditory stimuli: An evaluation of the generalized hypervigilance hypothesis. Pain 141 (2009) 215-221
105. Geisser M.E., Gracely R.H., Giesecke T., Petzke F.W., Williams D.A., and Clauw D.J. The association between experimental and clinical pain measures among persons with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Eur J Pain 11 (2007) 202-207
106. Geisser M.E., Strader D.C., Petzke F., Gracely R.H., Clauw D.J., and Williams D.A. Comorbid somatic symptoms and functional status in patients with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome: Sensory amplification as a common mechanism. Psychosomatics 49 (2008) 235-242
107. Tracey I., and Mantyh P.W. The cerebral signature for pain perception and its modulation. Neuron 55 (2007) 377-391
108. Craig A.D. Human feelings: Why are some more aware than others?. Trends Cogn Sci 8 (2004) 239-241
109. Craig A.D. Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body. Curr Opin Neurobiol 13 (2003) 500-505
110. Sisto S.A., LaManca J., Cordero D.L., et al. Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of a progressive exercise test in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome [see comments]. Am J Med 100 (1996) 634-640
111. Giovengo S.L., Russell I.J., and Larson A.A. Increased concentrations of nerve growth factor in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 26 (1999) 1564-1569
112. Sarchielli P., Mancini M.L., Floridi A., et al. Increased levels of neurotrophins are not specific for chronic migraine: Evidence from primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J Pain 8 (2007) 737-745
113. Russell I.J., Orr M.D., Littman B., et al. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of substance P in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 37 (1994) 1593-1601
114. Russell I.J. Neurochemical pathogenesis of fibromyalgia. Zeitschrift fur Rheumatol 57 Suppl 2 (1998) 63-66
115. Harris R.E., Clauw D.J., Scott D.J., McLean S.A., Gracely R.H., and Zubieta J.K. Decreased central mu-opioid receptor availability in fibromyalgia. J Neurosci 27 (2007) 10000-10006
116. Baraniuk J.N., Whalen G., Cunningham J., and Clauw D.J. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of opioid peptides in fibromyalgia and chronic low back pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 5 (2004) 48
117. Sapolsky R.M. Why stress is bad for your brain. Science 273 (1996) 749-750
118. Chrousos G.P., and Gold P.W. The concepts of stress and stress system disorders. Overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis. JAMA 267 (1992) 1244-1252
119. McLean S.A., and Clauw D.J. Predicting chronic symptoms after an acute "stressor"-lessons learned from 3 medical conditions. Med Hypotheses 63 (2004) 653-658
120. Clauw D.J., Engel Jr. C.C., Aronowitz R., et al. Unexplained symptoms after terrorism and war: An expert consensus statement. J Occup Environ Med 45 (2003) 1040-1048
121. Heim C., Newport D.J., Bonsall R., Miller A.H., and Nemeroff C.B. Altered pituitary-adrenal axis responses to provocative challenge tests in adult survivors of childhood abuse. Am J Psychiatry 158 (2001) 575-581
122. Crofford L.J., Pillemer S.R., Kalogeras K.T., et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis perturbations in patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 37 (1994) 1583-1592
123. Demitrack M.A., and Crofford L.J. Evidence for and pathophysiologic implications of hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 840 (1998) 684-697
124. Qiao Z.G., Vaeroy H., and Morkrid L. Electrodermal and microcirculatory activity in patients with fibromyalgia during baseline, acoustic stimulation and cold pressor tests. J Rheumatol 18 (1991) 1383-1389
125. Adler G.K., Kinsley B.T., Hurwitz S., Mossey C.J., and Goldenberg D.L. Reduced hypothalamic-pituitary and sympathoadrenal responses to hypoglycemia in women with fibromyalgia syndrome. Am J Med 106 (1999) 534-543
126. Martinez-Lavin M., Hermosillo A.G., Rosas M., and Soto M.E. Circadian studies of autonomic nervous balance in patients with fibromyalgia: A heart rate variability analysis. Arthritis Rheum 41 (1998) 1966-1971
127. Cohen H., Neumann L., Shore M., Amir M., Cassuto Y., and Buskila D. Autonomic dysfunction in patients with fibromyalgia: Application of power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. [see comments]. Semin Arthritis Rheum 29 (2000) 217-227
128. Heim C., Nater U.M., Maloney E., Boneva R., Jones J.F., and Reeves W.C. Childhood trauma and risk for chronic fatigue syndrome: Association with neuroendocrine dysfunction. Arch Gen Psychiatry 66 (2009) 72-80
129. Van Den Eede F., Moorkens G., Hulstijn W., et al. Combined dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing factor test in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychol Med 38 (2008) 963-973
130. McLean S.A., Williams D.A., Stein P.K., et al. Cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor concentration is associated with pain but not fatigue symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia. Neuropsychopharmacology 31 (2006) 2776-2782
131. McLean S.A., Williams D.A., Harris R.E., et al. Momentary relationship between cortisol secretion and symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 52 (2005) 3660-3669
132. McBeth J., Silman A.J., Gupta A., et al. Moderation of psychosocial risk factors through dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis in the onset of chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain: Findings of a population-based prospective cohort study. Arthritis Rheum 56 (2007) 360-371
133. Aaron L.A., Bradley L.A., Alarcon G.S., et al. Perceived physical and emotional trauma as precipitating events in fibromyalgia. Associations with health care seeking and disability status but not pain severity [see comments]. Arthritis Rheum 40 (1997) 453-460
134. Alexander R.W., Bradley L.A., Alarcon G.S., et al. Sexual and physical abuse in women with fibromyalgia: Association with outpatient health care utilization and pain medication usage. Arthritis Care Res 11 (1998) 102-115
135. Boisset-Pioro M.H., Esdaile J.M., and Fitzcharles M.A. Sexual and physical abuse in women with fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 38 (1995) 235-241
136. Drossman D.A. Sexual and physical abuse and gastrointestinal illness. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 208 (1995) 90-96
137. Roberts A.D., Charler M.L., Papadopoulos A., Wessely S., Chalder T., and Cleare A.J. Does hypocortisolism predict a poor response to cognitive behavioural therapy in chronic fatigue syndrome?. Psychol Med 40 (2010) 515-522
138. Tak L.M., Riese H., de Bock G.H., Manoharan A., Kok I.C., and Rosmalen J.G. As good as it gets?. A meta-analysis and systematic review of methodological quality of heart rate variability studies in functional somatic disorders. Biol Psychol 82 (2009) 101-110
139. McBeth J., and Jones K. Epidemiology of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 21 (2007) 403-425
140. Figueroa A., Kingsley J.D., McMillan V., and Panton L.B. Resistance exercise training improves heart rate variability in women with fibromyalgia. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 28 (2008) 49-54
141. Joyner M.J., and Masuki S. POTS versus deconditioning: The same or different?. Clin Auton Res 18 (2008) 300-307
142. Hurwitz B.E., Coryell V.T., Parker M., et al. Chronic fatigue syndrome: Illness severity, sedentary lifestyle, blood volume and evidence of diminished cardiac function. Clin Sci (Lond) 118 (2010) 125-135
143. Kato K., Sullivan P.F., Evengard B., and Pedersen N.L. Chronic widespread pain and its comorbidities: A population-based study. Arch Intern Med 166 (2006) 1649-1654
144. Kato K., Sullivan P.F., Evengard B., and Pedersen N.L. Importance of genetic influences on chronic widespread pain. Arthritis Rheum 54 (2006) 1682-1686
145. Afari N., Schmaling K.B., Herrell R., Hartman S., Goldberg J., and Buchwald D.S. Coping strategies in twins with chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res 48 (2000) 547-554
146. Arguelles L.M., Afari N., Buchwald D.S., Clauw D.J., Furner S., and Goldberg J. A twin study of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and chronic widespread pain. Pain 124 (2006) 150-157
147. Armitage R., Landis C., Hoffmann R., et al. Power spectral analysis of sleep EEG in twins discordant for chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res 66 (2009) 51-57
148. Buchwald D., Herrell R., Ashton S., Belcourt M., Schmaling K., and Goldberg J. The Chronic Fatigue Twin Registry: Method of construction, composition, and zygosity assignment. Twin Res 2 (1999) 203-211
149. Schur E., Afari N., Goldberg J., Buchwald D., and Sullivan P.F. Twin analyses of fatigue. Twin Res Hum Genet 10 (2007) 729-733
150. Bryson H.M., and Wilde M.I. Amitriptyline. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in chronic pain states. Drugs Aging 8 (1996) 459-476
151. van Ophoven A., and Hertle L. Long-term results of amitriptyline treatment for interstitial cystitis. J Urol 174 (2005) 1837-1840
152. Lynch M.E. Antidepressants as analgesics: A review of randomized controlled trials. J Psychiatry Neurosci 26 (2001) 30-36
153. Arnold L.M. Duloxetine and other antidepressants in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. Pain Med 8 Suppl 2 (2007) S63-S74
154. Arnold L.M., Goldenberg D.L., Stanford S.B., et al. Gabapentin in the treatment of fibromyalgia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Arthritis Rheum 56 (2007) 1336-1344
155. Arnold L.M., Lu Y., Crofford L.J., et al. A double-blind, multicenter trial comparing duloxetine with placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia patients with or without major depressive disorder. Arthritis Rheum 50 (2004) 2974-2984
156. Arnold L.M., Pritchett Y.L., D'Souza D.N., Kajdasz D.K., Iyengar S., and Wernicke J.F. Duloxetine for the treatment of fibromyalgia in women: Pooled results from two randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 16 (2007) 1145-1156
157. Bergman S. Management of musculoskeletal pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 21 (2007) 153-166
158. Deuster P.A. Exercise in the prevention and treatment of chronic disorders. Womens Health Issues 6 (1996) 320-331
159. Williams D.A. Cognitive and behavioral approaches to chronic pain. In: Wallace D.J., and Clauw D.J. (Eds). Fibromyalgia & Other Central Pain Syndromes (2005), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA 343-352
160. Paul L., Rafferty D., and Marshal R. Physiological cost of walking in those with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): A case-control study. Disabil Rehabil 31 (2009) 1598-1604
161. Nijs J., Paul L., and Wallman K. Chronic fatigue syndrome: An approach combining self-management with graded exercise to avoid exacerbations. J Rehabil Med 40 (2008) 241-247
162. Light A.R., White A.T., Hughen R.W., and Light K.C. Moderate exercise increases expression for sensory, adrenergic, and immune genes in chronic fatigue syndrome patients but not in normal subjects. J Pain 10 (2009) 1099-1112