An evidence-based review of medical and surgical treatments of genital warts

Dermatology Online Journal

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2006, Pages

  Scheinfeld, Noah ^a   Lehman, Daniel ^b  

^a ST LUKE S ROOSEVELT HOSPITAL CENTER   (United States)

^b MAIMONIDES MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIMETIDINE; IMIQUIMOD; INTERFERON; PODOPHYLLIN; PODOPHYLLOTOXIN; RETINOID; TRICHLOROACETIC ACID;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; BURNING SENSATION; CARBON DIOXIDE LASER; CAUTERIZATION; CONDYLOMA; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; CRYOTHERAPY; DESICCATION; DIARRHEA; DRUG EFFICACY; ELECTROSURGERY; ERYTHEMA; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HUMAN; IMPETIGO; INFECTION RISK; KERATINOCYTE; LIVER DYSFUNCTION; MONOTHERAPY; NAUSEA; PAIN; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PRURITUS; PSYCHOSIS; REVIEW; SKIN BIOPSY; SKIN INDURATION; SKIN IRRITATION; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; VOMITING; WART VIRUS; CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM;

CONDYLOMATA ACUMINATA; HUMANS;

EID: 33646465686     PISSN: 10872108     EISSN: 10872108     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Fleischer AB, Parrish CA, Glenn R, Feldman SR: Condylomata acuminata (genital warts): patient demographics and treating physicians. Sex Transm Dis. 2001; 28: 643-7.
2. Brown DR, Schroeder JM, Bryan JT, Stoler MH, Fife KH. Detection of multiple human papillomavirus types in Condylomata acuminata lesions from otherwise healthy and immunosuppressed. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37:3316-22.
3. http://www.hpv.org.nz/pdf/DocGuide.pdf (accessed February 10, 2006)
4. Lombard I, Vincent-Salomon A, Validire P, Zafrani B, de la Rochefordiere A, Clough K, Favre M, Pouillart P, Sastre-Garau X. Human papillomavirus genotype as a major determinant of the course of cervical cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:2613-9.
5. Kodner CM, Nasraty S. Management of genital warts. Am Fam Physician. 2004;70:2335-42.
6. Coleman N, Birley HD, Renton AM, Hanna NF, Ryait BK, Byrne M, Taylor-Robinson D, Stanley MA. Immunological events in regressing genital warts. Am J Clin Pathol. 1994;102:768-74.
7. Chuang TY, Brashear R. Genital Warts. Emedicine. Dermatology Chapter. http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic454.htm (accessed February 10, 2006).
8. Baken LA, Koutsky LA, Kuypers J, Kosorok MR, Lee SK, Kiviat NB. Genital human papillomavirus infection among male and female sex partners: prevalence and type-specific concordance. J Infect Dis. 1995;171:429-432.
9. Ho GY, Bierman R, Beardsley L, Chang CJ, Burk RD. Natural history of cervicovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women. N Engl J Med. 1998; 338:423-8.
10. Douglas JM Jr, Eron LJ, Judson FN, Rogers M, Alder MB, Taylor E, Tanner D, Peets E. A randomized trial of combination therapy with intralesional interferon alpha 2b and podophyllin versus podophyllin alone for the therapy of anogenital warts. J Infect Dis. 1990;162:52-9.
11. Khawaja HT. Podophyllin versus scissor excision in the treatment of perianal condylomata acuminata: a prospective study. Br J Surg. 1989;76:1067-8.
12. Jensen SL, Comparison of podophyllin application with simple surgical excision in clearance and recurrence of perianal condylomata acuminata. Lancet. 1985;2(8465):1146-8.
13. Lacey CJN, Goodall R, Tennvall GT, Maw R, Kinghorn GR, Fisk PG, et al. Randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of podophyllotoxin solution, podophyllotoxin cream, and podophyllin in the treatment of genital warts. Sex Transm Infect. 2003;79:270-5.
14. Claesson U, Lassus A, Happonen H, Hogstrom L, Siboulet A. Topical treatment of venereal warts: a comparative open study of podophyllotoxin cream versus solution. Int J STD AIDS. 1996;7:429-34.
15. Tyring S, Edwards L, Cherry LK, Ramsdell WM, Kotner S, Greenberg MD, Vance JC, Barnum G, Dromgoole SH, Killey FP, Toter T. Safety and efficacy of 0.5% podofilox gel in the treatment of anogenital warts. Arch Dermatol. 1998;134:33-8.
16. Claesson U, Lassus A, Happonen H, Hogstrom L, Siboulet A. Topical treatment of venereal warts: a comparative open study of podophyllotoxin cream versus solution. Int J STD AIDS. 1996;7:429-34.
17. Bonnez W, Elswick RK Jr, Bailey-Farchione A, Hallahan D, Bell R, Isenberg R, Stoler MH, Reichman RC. Efficacy and safety of 0.5% podofilox solution in the treatment and suppression of anogenital warts. Am Med. 1994;96:420-5.
18. Arany I, Tyring SK, Brysk MM, Stanley MA, Tomai MA, Miller RL, Smith MH, McDermott DJ, Correlation between pretreatment levels of interferon response genes and clinical responses to an immune response modifier (Imiquimod) in genital warts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;44:1869-73.
19. Fife KH, Ferenczy A, Douglas JM Jr, Brown DR, Smith M, Owens ML; Treatment of external genital warts in men using 5% imiquimod cream applied three times a week, once daily, twice daily, or three times a day. Sex Transm Dis. 2001;28:226-31
20. Moore RA, Edwards JE, Hopwood J, Hicks D., Imiquimod for the treatment of genital warts: a quantitative systematic review. BMC Infect Dis. 2001;1(1):3.
21. Tyring SK, Arany I, Stanley MA, Tomai MA, Miller RL, Smith MH, McDermott DJ, Slade HB., A randomized, controlled, molecular study of condylomata acuminata clearance during treatment with imiquimod. J Infect Dis. 1998;178:551-5.
22. Edwards L, Ferenczy A, Eron L, Baker D, Owens ML, Fox TL, Hougham AJ, Schmitt KA. Self-administered topical 5% imiquimod cream for external anogenital warts. Arch Dermatol, 1998;134:25-30.
23. Beutner KR, Spruance SL, Hougham AJ, Fox TL, Owens ML, Douglas JM Jr.., Treatment of genital warts with an immune-response modifier (imiquimod) J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38:230-9.
24. Beutner KR, Wiley DJ, Douglas JM, Tyring SK, Fife K, Trofatter K, Stone KM. Genital warts and their treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;28 Suppl 1:S37-56.
25. Ferenczy A, Bergeron C, Richart RM. Human papillomavirus DNA in CO2 laser-generated plume of smoke and its consequences to the surgeon. Obstet Gynecol. 1990;75:114-8.
26. Wiley DJ, Douglas J, Beutner K, Cox T, Fife K, Moscicki AB, Fukumoto L., External Genital Warts: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35(Suppl 2):S210-24.
27. Berman B, Stacy F. Anogential warts in Treatment of Skin Disease ed Lebwohl M, Heymann WR, Berth-Jones J, Coulson I. Mosby London 2002.
28. Stone KM, Becker TM, Hadgu A, Kraus SJ. Treatment of external genital warts: a randomised clinical trial comparing podophyllin, cryotherapy, and electrodesiccation. Genitourin Med. 1990;66:16-9.
29. Simmons PD, Langlet F, Thin RN. Cryotherapy versus electrocautery in the treatment of genital warts. Br J Vener Dis. 1981;57:273-4.
30. Schoenfeld A, Ziv E, Levavi H, Samra Z, Ovadia J., Laser versus loop electrosurgical excision in vulvar condyloma for eradication of subclinical reservoir demonstrated by assay for 2′5′ oligosynthetase human papillomavirus. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1995;40:46-51.
31. Handley JM, Horner T, Maw RD, Lawther H, Dinsmore WW. Subcutaneous interferon alpha 2a combined with cryotherapy vs cryotherapy alone in the treatment of primary anogenital warts: a randomised observer blind placebo controlled study. Genitourin Med. 1991;67:297-302.
32. Eron LJ, Alder MB, JM OR, Rittweger K, DePamphilis J, Pizzuti DJ, Recurrence of condylomata acuminata following cryotherapy is not prevented by systemically administered interferon. Genitourin Med. 1993;69:91-3.
33. Abdullah AN, Walzman M, Wade A. Treatment of external genital warts comparing cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen) and trichloroacetic acid. Sex Transm Dis. 199;20:344-5.
34. Damstra RJ, van Vloten WA.Cryotherapy in the treatment of condylomata acuminata: a controlled study of 64 patients. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1991;17:273-6.
35. Godley MJ, Bradbeer CS, Gellan M, Thin RN. Cryotherapy compared with trichloroacetic acid in treating genital warts. Genitourin Med. 1987;63:390-2.
36. Garden JM, O'Banion MK, Shelnitz LS, Pinski KS, Bakus AD, Reichmann ME, Sundberg JP.: Papillomavirus in the vapor of carbon dioxide laser-treated verrucae. JAMA. 1988;259:1199-202.
37. Ferenczy A, Behelak Y, Haber G, Wright TC Jr, Richart RM. Treating vaginal and external anogenital condylomas with electrosurgery vs CO2 laser ablation. J Gynecol Surg. 1995;11:41-50.
38. Scheinfeld NS. Legal and health issues surrounding laser plumes. Skin & Aging. 2005;13(8):31-35.
39. Duus BR, Philipsen T, Christensen JD, Lundvall F, Sondergaard J. Refractory condylomata acuminata: a controlled clinical trial of carbon dioxide laser versus conventional surgical treatment. Genitourin Med. 1985;61:59-61.
40. Petersen CS, Bjerring P, Larsen J, Blaakaer J, Hagdrup H, From E, Obergaard L. Systemic interferon alpha-2b increases the cure rate in laser treated patients with multiple persistent genital warts: a placebo-controlled study. Genitourin Med. 1991;67:99-102.
41. Davis BE, Noble MJ: Initial experience with combined interferonalfa2b and carbon dioxide laser for the treatment of condylomata acuminata. J Urol. 1992;147:627-9.
42. Carrozza PM, Merlani GM, Burg G, Hafner J.CO(2) laser surgery for extensive, cauliflower-like anogenital condylomata acuminata: retrospective long-term study on 19 HIV-positive and 45 HIV-negative men. Dermatology. 2002;205:255-9.
43. Schwartz DB, Greenberg MD, Daoud Y, Reid R. Genital condylomas in pregnancy: use of trichloroacetic acid and laser therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;158:1407-16.
44. Tseng CJ, Lin CY, Wang RL, Chen LJ, Chang YL, Hsieh TT, Pao CC, Possible transplacental transmission of human papillomaviruses. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;166:35-40.
45. Cohen, B A; Honig, P; Androphy, E Anogenital warts in children. Clinical and virologic evaluation for sexual abuse. Arch Dermatol 126;1990:1575-1580.
46. Eron LJ, Judson F, Tucker S, Prawer S, Mills J, Murphy K, Hickey M, Rogers M, Flannigan S, Hien N, et al. Interferon therapy for condylomata acuminata. N Engl J Med. 1986;315:1059-64.
47. Reichman RC, Oakes D, Bonnez W, Greisberger C, Tyring S, Miller L, Whitley R, Carveth H, Weidner M, Krueger G, et al. Treatment of condyloma acuminatum with three different interferons administered intralesionally. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:675-9.
48. Benedetti Panici P, Scambia G, Baiocchi G, Perrone L, Pintus C, Mancuso S. Randomized clinical trial comparing systemic interferon with diathermocoagulation in primary multiple and widespread anogenital condyloma. Obstet Gynecol. 1989;74:393-7.
49. Recurrent condylomata acuminata treated with recombinant interferon alpha-2a. A multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Condylomata International Collaborative Study Group. Acta Derm Venereol. 1993;73:223-6.
50. Armstrong DK, Maw RD, Dinsmore WW, Morrison GD, Pattman RS, Watson PG, Nathan PM, Moss T, Nayagam A, Wade A. A randomised, double-blind, parallel group study to compare subcutaneous interferon alpha-2a plus podophyllin with placebo plus podophyllin in the treatment of primary condylomata acuminata. Genitourin Med. 1994;70:389-93.
51. Bornstein J, Pascal B, Zarfati D, Goldshmid N, Abramovici H. Recombinant human interferon-beta for condylomata acuminata: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intralesional therapy. Int J STD AIDS. 1997;8:614-21.
52. Petersen CS, Bjerring P, Larsen J, Blaakaer J, Hagdrup H, From E, Obergaard L. Systemic interferon alpha-2b increases the cure rate in laser treated patients with multiple persistent genital warts: a placebo-controlled study. Genitourin Med. 1991;67:99-102.
53. Syed TA, Ahmadpour OA. Human leukocyte derived interferon-alpha in a hydrophilic gel for the treatment of intravaginal warts in women: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Int J STD AIDS. 1998;9:769-72.
54. Mohanty KC. The cost effectiveness of treatment of genital warts with podophyllotoxin. Int J STD AIDS. 1994;5:253-6.
55. Alam M, Stiller M. Direct medical costs for surgical and medical treatment of condylomata acuminata. Arch Dermatol. 2001;137:337-41.
56. Beutner KR, Ferenczy A. Therapeutic approaches to genital warts. Am J Med. 1997;102:28-37.
57. von Krough G, Longstaff E. Podophyllin office therapy against condyloma should be abandoned. Sex Transm Infect. 2001;77:409-12.
58. Fox PA, Tung MY. Human papillomavirus: burden of illness and treatment cost considerations. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6:365-81.