The precautionary principle and environmental persistence: prioritizing the decision-making process

Environmental Science and Policy

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 175-184

  Gouin, Todd ^a  

^a UNILEVER RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bioaccumulative; Decamethylpentasiloxane; Persistent; Precautionary principle; REACH; Toxic substances

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL COMPOUND;

AIR POLLUTION; ARTICLE; DECISION MAKING; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; EUROPEAN UNION; FALSE NEGATIVE RESULT; FALSE POSITIVE RESULT; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; HEALTH HAZARD; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOIL POLLUTION;

EID: 77952422477     PISSN: 14629011     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2010.01.005     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Ambrose R., Clement T., 2006. Plan for the assessment and management of certain substances on the Domestic Substances List. Canada Gazette, Part I 140[49], 4109-4116 http://www.gazette.gc.ca/archives/p1/2006/2006-12-09/pdf/g1-14049.pdf.
2. Applegate J.S. Synthesizing TSCA and REACH: practical principles for chemical regulation reform. Ecology Law Quarterly 2008, 35(4):721-769.
3. Arnot J.A., Mackay D. Policies for chemical hazard and risk priority setting: can persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and quantity information be combined?. Environmental Science & Technology 2008, 42(13):4648-4654.
4. Berg M., Scheringer M. Problems in environmental risk assessment and the need for proxy measures. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 1994, 3(8):487-492.
5. Beyer A., Wania F., Gouin T., Mackay D., Matthies M. Selecting internally consistent physicochemical properties of organic compounds. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2002, 21(5):941-953.
6. Beyer A., Mackay D., Matthies M., Wania F., Webster E. Assessing long-range transport potential of persistent organic pollutants. Environmental Science & Technology 2000, 34(4):699-703.
7. Boethling R., Fenner K., Howard P., Klecka G.M., Madsen T., Snape J.R., Whelan M.J. Environmental persistence of organic pollutants: guidance for development and review of POP risk profiles. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 2009, 5(4):539-556.
8. Breivik K., Vestreng V., Rozovskaya O., Pacyna J.M. Atmospheric emissions of some POPs in Europe: a discussion of existing inventories and data needs. Environmental Science & Policy 2006, 9(7-8):663-674.
9. Brooke D.N., Crookes M.J., Gray D., Robertson S. Environmental Risk Assessment Report: Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane 2009, Environment Agency, Bristol, UK.
10. Brown T.N., Wania F. Screening chemicals for the potential to be persistent organic pollutants: a case study of Arctic contaminants. Environmental Science & Technology 2008, 42(14):5202-5209.
11. Council EU, 2006. Council of the European Union, Common position adopted by the Council (REACH) http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/06/st07/st07524.en06.pdf (7524/06) Luxembourg.
12. Cowan-Ellsberry C.E., McLachlan M.S., Arnot J.A., Macleod M., Mckone T., Wania F. Modeling exposure to persistent chemicals in hazard and risk assessment. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 2009, 5(4):662-679.
13. Czub G., Wania F., McLachlan M.S. Combining long-range transport and bioaccumulation considerations to identify potential Arctic contaminants. Environmental Science & Technology 2008, 42(10):3704-3709.
14. Davies K. Strategies for eliminating and reducing persistent bioaccumulative toxic substances: common approaches, emerging trends, and level of success. Journal of Environmental Health 2006, 69(5):9-15.
15. ECETOC, 1-12-2005. Risk assessment of PBT chemicals. Technical Report No. 98. Brussels, ECETOC.
16. Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for Authorisation 2010, ECHA, http://echa.europa.eu/chem_data/authorisation_process/candidate_list_table_en.asp (18-1-2010).
17. Fenner K., Canonica S., Escher B.I., Gasser L., Spycher S., Tulp H.C. Developing methods to predict chemical fate and effect endpoints for use within REACH. Chimia 2006, 60(10):683-690.
18. Feo M.L., Eljarrat E., Barcelo D. Occurrence, fate and analysis of polychlorinated n-alkanes in the environment. Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry 2009, 28(6):778-791.
19. Godduhn A., Duffy L.K. Multi-generation health risks of persistent organic pollution in the far north: use of the precautionary approach in the Stockholm Convention. Environmental Science & Policy 2003, 6(4):341-353.
20. Gouin T., Wania F. Time trends of arctic contamination in relation to emission history and chemical persistence and partitioning properties. Environmental Science & Technology 2007, 41(17):5986-5992.
21. Holm S., Harris J. Precautionary principle stifles discovery. Nature 1999, 400(6743):398.
22. Karlsson M. Science and norms in policies for sustainable development: assessing and managing risks of chemical substances and genetically modified organisms in the European Union. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 2006, 44(1):49-56.
23. Klecka G.M., Muir D.C.G., Dohmen P., Eisenreich S., Gobas F.A.P.C., Jones K.C., Mackay D., Tarazona J.V., van Wijk D. Introduction to special series: science-based guidance and framework for the evaluation and identification of PBTs and POPs. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 2009, 5(4):535-538.
24. Mackay D., Reid L. Local and distant residence times of contaminants in multi-compartment models. Part I. A review of the theoretical basis. Environmental Pollution 2008, 156(3):1196-1203.
25. Mackay D., Shiu W.Y., Ma K.C., Lee S.C. Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals 2006, CRC Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton. 2nd ed.
26. Macleod M., Mackay D. Modeling transport and deposition of contaminants to ecosystems of concern: a case study for the Laurentian Great Lakes. Environmental Pollution 2004, 128(1-2):241-250.
27. Maguire S., Ellis J. Redistributing the burden of scientific uncertainty: implications of the precautionary principle for state and nonstate actors. Global Governance 2005, 11(4):505-526.
28. Morris J. The relationship between risk analysis and the precautionary principle. Toxicology 2002, 181:127-130.
29. Muir D.C.G., Howard P.H. Are there other persistent organic pollutants? A challenge for environmental chemists. Environmental Science & Technology 2006, 40(23):7157-7166.
30. Müller-Herold U., Morosini M., Schucht O. Choosing chemicals for precautionary regulation: a filter series approach. Environmental Science & Technology 2005, 39(3):683-691.
31. Pelley J. Canada moves closer to adopting precautionary principle. Environmental Science & Technology 2001, 35(17):355A-356A.
32. Sandin P., Bengtsson B.E., Bergman A., Brandt I., Dencker L., Eriksson P., Forlin L., Larsson P., Oskarsson A., Ruden C., Sodergren A., Woin P., Hansson S.O. Precautionary defaults-a new strategy for chemical risk management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 2004, 10(1):1-18.
33. Scheringer M., Boschen S., Hungerbuhler K. Will we know more or less about chemical risks under REACH?. Chimia 2006, 60(10):699-706.
34. Scheringer M., Jones K.C., Matthies M., Simonich S., Van De Meent D. Multimedia partitioning, overall persistence, and long-range transport potential in the context of POPs and PBT chemical assessments. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 2009, 5(4):557-576.
35. Shen L., Wania F. Compilation, evaluation, and selection of physical-chemical property data for organochlorine pesticides. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 2005, 50(3):742-768.
36. Stroebe M., Scheringer M., Hungerbuhler K. Measures of overall persistence and the temporal remote state. Environmental Science & Technology 2004, 38(21):5665-5673.
37. Swackhammer D.L., Needham L.L., Powell D.E., Muir D.C.G. Use of measurement data in evaluating exposure of humans and wildlife to POPs/PBTs. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 2009, 5(4):638-661.
38. Tas J.W., Balk F., Ford R.A., vandePlassche E.J. Environmental risk assessment of musk ketone and musk xylene in the Netherlands in accordance with the EU-TGD. Chemosphere 1997, 35(12):2973-3002.
39. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 2001, UNEP, http://www.pops.int/documents/convtext/convtext_en.pdf.
40. van Wijk D., Chenier R., Henry T., Hernando M.D., Schulte C. Integrated approach to PBT and POP prioritization and risk assessment. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 2009, 5(4):697-711.
41. Wania F. Assessing the potential of persistent organic chemicals for long-range transport and accumulation in polar regions. Environmental Science & Technology 2003, 37(7):1344-1351.
42. Wania F. Potential of degradable organic chemicals for absolute and relative enrichment in the arctic. Environmental Science & Technology 2006, 40(2):569-577.
43. Wania F., Mackay D. A global distribution model for persistent organic-chemicals. Science of the Total Environment 1995, 161:211-232.
44. Wania F., Mackay D., Li Y.F., Bidleman T.F., Strand A. Global chemical fate of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane. 1. Evaluation of a global distribution model. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 1999, 18(7):1390-1399.
45. Webster E., Mackay D., Wania F. Evaluating environmental persistence. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 1998, 17(11):2148-2158.
46. Wegmann F., Cavin L., Macleod M., Scheringer M., Hungerbuhler K. The OECD software tool for screening chemicals for persistence and long-range transport potential. Environmental Modelling & Software 2009, 24(2):228-237.
47. Zachary M., Greenway G.M. Comparative PBT screening using (Q)SAR tools within REACH legislation. Sar and Qsar in Environmental Research 2009, 20(1-2):145-157.