메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 1 SPEC. ISS., 2004, Pages 1-18

Precautionary defaults - A new strategy for chemical risk management

Author keywords

Chemicals; Precautionary defaults; Precautionary Principle; Risk management

Indexed keywords


EID: 1642370560     PISSN: 10807039     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10807030490280909     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (18)

References (84)
  • 3
    • 0030939634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCBs, DDE, DDT, and TCDD-EQ in two species of albatross on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean
    • Auman HJ, Ludwig JP, Summer CL, et al. 1997. PCBs, DDE, DDT, and TCDD-EQ in two species of albatross on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean. Environ Toxicol Chem 16:498-504
    • (1997) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.16 , pp. 498-504
    • Auman, H.J.1    Ludwig, J.P.2    Summer, C.L.3
  • 4
    • 0033983301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent olfactory mucosal metaplasia and increased olfactory bulb glial fibrillary acidic protein levels following a single dose of methylsulfonyl-dichlorobenzene in mice: Comparison of the 2,5- and 2,6-dichlorinated isomers
    • Bahrami F, Bergman U, Brittebo E-B, et al. 2000. Persistent olfactory mucosal metaplasia and increased olfactory bulb glial fibrillary acidic protein levels following a single dose of methylsulfonyl-dichlorobenzene in mice: Comparison of the 2,5- and 2,6-dichlorinated isomers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 162:49-59
    • (2000) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.162 , pp. 49-59
    • Bahrami, F.1    Bergman, U.2    Brittebo, E.-B.3
  • 6
    • 0019972810 scopus 로고
    • The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction
    • Bartus RT, Dean III RL, Beer B, et al. 1982. The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction. Science 217:408-17
    • (1982) Science , vol.217 , pp. 408-417
    • Bartus, R.T.1    Dean III, R.L.2    Beer, B.3
  • 7
    • 0030778897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organochlorine in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard
    • Bernhoft A, Wiig Å, and Utne-Staare J. 1997. Organochlorine in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard. Environ Pollution 95:159-75
    • (1997) Environ Pollution , vol.95 , pp. 159-175
    • Bernhoft, A.1    Wiig, Å.2    Utne-Staare, J.3
  • 8
    • 0035670277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genomic revolution: What does it mean for risk assessment?
    • Bishop WE, Clarke DP, and Travis CC. 2001. The genomic revolution: What does it mean for risk assessment? Risk Anal 21:983-7
    • (2001) Risk Anal , vol.21 , pp. 983-987
    • Bishop, W.E.1    Clarke, D.P.2    Travis, C.C.3
  • 9
    • 50549214560 scopus 로고
    • The ontogeny of behaviour in the albino rat
    • Bolles RG and Woods PJ. 1964. The ontogeny of behaviour in the albino rat. Anim Behav 12:427-41
    • (1964) Anim Behav , vol.12 , pp. 427-441
    • Bolles, R.G.1    Woods, P.J.2
  • 10
    • 0034873154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic substances and reproductive disorders in Baltic fish and crustaceans
    • Breitholtz M, Hill C, and Bengtsson B-E. 2001. Toxic substances and reproductive disorders in Baltic fish and crustaceans. Ambio 30:210-6
    • (2001) Ambio , vol.30 , pp. 210-216
    • Breitholtz, M.1    Hill, C.2    Bengtsson, B.-E.3
  • 11
    • 0037430787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of four synthetic musks on the life-cycle of the harpacticoid copepod Nitocra spinpes
    • In press
    • Breitholtz M, Wollenberger L, and Dinari L. In press. Effects of four synthetic musks on the life-cycle of the harpacticoid copepod Nitocra spinpes. Aquatic Toxicol
    • Aquatic Toxicol
    • Breitholtz, M.1    Wollenberger, L.2    Dinari, L.3
  • 12
    • 0031983407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of persistent environmental organohalogens with the thyroid hormone system: Mechanisms and possible consequences for animal and human health
    • Brouwer A, Morse DC, Lans MC, et al. 1998. Interactions of persistent environmental organohalogens with the thyroid hormone system: Mechanisms and possible consequences for animal and human health. J Toxicol Industr Health 14:59-84
    • (1998) J Toxicol Industr Health , vol.14 , pp. 59-84
    • Brouwer, A.1    Morse, D.C.2    Lans, M.C.3
  • 13
    • 0014697589 scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of adrenergic arousal and cholinergic inhibitory mechanisms in the rat
    • Campbell BA, Lytle LD, and Fibiger HC. 1969. Ontogeny of adrenergic arousal and cholinergic inhibitory mechanisms in the rat. Science 166:635-7
    • (1969) Science , vol.166 , pp. 635-637
    • Campbell, B.A.1    Lytle, L.D.2    Fibiger, H.C.3
  • 14
    • 0035120212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic events associated with arsenic-induced malignant transformation: Applications of cDNA microarray technology
    • Chen H, Liu J, Merrick BA, et al. 2001. Genetic events associated with arsenic-induced malignant transformation: Applications of cDNA microarray technology. Mol Carcinog 30:79-87
    • (2001) Mol Carcinog , vol.30 , pp. 79-87
    • Chen, H.1    Liu, J.2    Merrick, B.A.3
  • 15
    • 0003188910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council Directive (EEC) 67/548 of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous substances
    • Council Directive (EEC) 67/548 of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous substances. Off Jour 196:1-5
    • Off Jour , vol.196 , pp. 1-5
  • 19
    • 0017652462 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive function in man. Does the cholinergic system have a special role?
    • Drachman DA. 1977. Cognitive function in man. Does the cholinergic system have a special role? Neurology 27:783-90
    • (1977) Neurology , vol.27 , pp. 783-790
    • Drachman, D.A.1
  • 20
    • 0003649067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White Paper COM (2001) 88 Final. Brussels, Belgium
    • EC (European Commission). 2001. Strategy for a future chemicals policy. White Paper COM (2001) 88 Final. Brussels, Belgium
    • (2001) Strategy for a Future Chemicals Policy
  • 22
    • 0029942119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental neurotoxicity of four ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in the neonatal mouse
    • Eriksson P and Fredriksson A. 1996a. Developmental neurotoxicity of four ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in the neonatal mouse. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 1:155-65
    • (1996) Environ Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.1 , pp. 155-165
    • Eriksson, P.1    Fredriksson, A.2
  • 23
    • 0029904363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal exposure to 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl causes increased susceptibility in the cholinergic transmitter system at adult age
    • Eriksson P and Fredriksson A. 1996b. Neonatal exposure to 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl causes increased susceptibility in the cholinergic transmitter system at adult age. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 1:217-20
    • (1996) Environ Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.1 , pp. 217-220
    • Eriksson, P.1    Fredriksson, A.2
  • 24
    • 0031887458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotoxic effects in adult mice neonatally exposed to 3,3′,4,4′5-pentachlorobiphenyl or 2,3,3′,4,4′- pentachlorobiphenyl. Changes in brain nicotinic receptors and behaviour
    • Eriksson P and Fredriksson A. 1998. Neurotoxic effects in adult mice neonatally exposed to 3,3′,4,4′5-pentachlorobiphenyl or 2,3,3′,4,4′-pentachlorobiphenyl. Changes in brain nicotinic receptors and behaviour. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 5:17-27
    • (1998) Environ Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.5 , pp. 17-27
    • Eriksson, P.1    Fredriksson, A.2
  • 25
    • 0034775561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brominated flame retardants: A novel class of developmental neurotoxicants in our environment
    • Eriksson P, Jakobsson E, and Fredriksson A. 2001. Brominated flame retardants: A novel class of developmental neurotoxicants in our environment. Environ Health Perspect 109:903-8
    • (2001) Environ Health Perspect , vol.109 , pp. 903-908
    • Eriksson, P.1    Jakobsson, E.2    Fredriksson, A.3
  • 26
    • 0036098450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A brominated flame retardant, 2,2′4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether: Uptake, retention and induction of neurobehavioural derangement in mice, during a critical phase of neonatal brain development
    • Eriksson P, Viberg H, Jakobsson E, et al. 2002. A brominated flame retardant, 2,2′4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether: Uptake, retention and induction of neurobehavioural derangement in mice, during a critical phase of neonatal brain development. Toxicol Sci 67:98-103
    • (2002) Toxicol Sci , vol.67 , pp. 98-103
    • Eriksson, P.1    Viberg, H.2    Jakobsson, E.3
  • 27
    • 0024669161 scopus 로고
    • Detection of unconjugated and conjugated steroids in the ovary, eggs, and haemolymph of the decapod crustacean Nephrops norvegicus
    • Fairs NJ, Evershed RP, Quinlan PT, et al. 1989. Detection of unconjugated and conjugated steroids in the ovary, eggs, and haemolymph of the decapod crustacean Nephrops norvegicus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 74:199-208
    • (1989) Gen Comp Endocrinol , vol.74 , pp. 199-208
    • Fairs, N.J.1    Evershed, R.P.2    Quinlan, P.T.3
  • 29
    • 0033966106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of methods for evaluating toxicity to freshwater ecosystems
    • Girling AE, Pascoe D, Janssen CR, et al. 2000. Development of methods for evaluating toxicity to freshwater ecosystems. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 45:148-76
    • (2000) Ecotoxicol Environ Saf , vol.45 , pp. 148-176
    • Girling, A.E.1    Pascoe, D.2    Janssen, C.R.3
  • 30
    • 0031466891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Be diverse, be predictable
    • Hanski I. 1997. Be diverse, be predictable. Nature 390:440-1
    • (1997) Nature , vol.390 , pp. 440-441
    • Hanski, I.1
  • 33
    • 0037202108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replacing the No Effect Level (NOEL) with Bounded Effect Levels (OBEL and LEBEL)
    • Hansson SO. 2002. Replacing the No Effect Level (NOEL) with Bounded Effect Levels (OBEL and LEBEL). Statistics in Medicine 21:3071-8
    • (2002) Statistics in Medicine , vol.21 , pp. 3071-3078
    • Hansson, S.O.1
  • 34
    • 0030780282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiological bases of behavioural development in the first year
    • Herschkowitz N, Kagan J, and Zilles K. 1997. Neurobiological bases of behavioural development in the first year. Neuropediatrics 28:296-306
    • (1997) Neuropediatrics , vol.28 , pp. 296-306
    • Herschkowitz, N.1    Kagan, J.2    Zilles, K.3
  • 35
    • 0036202383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of hydroxylated PCB metabolites and other phenolic pollutants in human blood plasma
    • Hovander L, Malmberg T, Athanasiadou M, et al. 2002. Identification of hydroxylated PCB metabolites and other phenolic pollutants in human blood plasma. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 42:105-17
    • (2002) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.42 , pp. 105-117
    • Hovander, L.1    Malmberg, T.2    Athanasiadou, M.3
  • 37
    • 0029892310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In defense of whole-community bioassays for risk assessment
    • Joern A and Hoagland KD. 1996. In defense of whole-community bioassays for risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 15:407-9
    • (1996) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.15 , pp. 407-409
    • Joern, A.1    Hoagland, K.D.2
  • 38
    • 0002219212 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic influences on behaviour
    • Waser PG (ed), Raven Press, New York, NY, USA
    • Karczmar AG. 1975. Cholinergic influences on behaviour. In: Waser PG (ed), Cholinergic Mechanisms, pp 501-29. Raven Press, New York, NY, USA
    • (1975) Cholinergic Mechanisms , pp. 501-529
    • Karczmar, A.G.1
  • 39
    • 0031876671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxylated and methylsulfonyl polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites in albatrosses from Midway atoll, North Pacific Ocean
    • Klasson Wehler E, Bergman Å, Athanasiadiou M, et al. 1998. Hydroxylated and methylsulfonyl polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites in albatrosses from Midway atoll, North Pacific Ocean. Environ Toxicol Chem 17:1620-5
    • (1998) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.17 , pp. 1620-1625
    • Klasson Wehler, E.1    Bergman, Å.2    Athanasiadiou, M.3
  • 40
    • 0035156490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infant exposure to chemicals in breast milk in the Unites States: What we need to learn from a breast milk monitoring program
    • LaKind JS, Berlin CM, and Naiman DQ. 2001. Infant exposure to chemicals in breast milk in the Unites States: What we need to learn from a breast milk monitoring program. Environ Health Perspect 109:75-88
    • (2001) Environ Health Perspect , vol.109 , pp. 75-88
    • Lakind, J.S.1    Berlin, C.M.2    Naiman, D.Q.3
  • 41
    • 0033836118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in pelagic systems
    • Larsson P, Andersson A, Broman D, et al. 2000. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in pelagic systems. Ambio 29:202-9
    • (2000) Ambio , vol.29 , pp. 202-209
    • Larsson, P.1    Andersson, A.2    Broman, D.3
  • 42
    • 0035105408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of atrazine and nicosulfuron on freshwater microalgae
    • Leboulanger C, Rimet F, de Lacotte MH, et al. 2001. Effects of atrazine and nicosulfuron on freshwater microalgae. Environ Internat 26(3):131-5
    • (2001) Environ Internat , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 131-135
    • Leboulanger, C.1    Rimet, F.2    De Lacotte, M.H.3
  • 43
    • 0032527826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement and modelling of the diurnal cycling of atmospheric PCBs and PAHs
    • Lee RGM, Hung H, Mackay D, et al. 1998. Measurement and modelling of the diurnal cycling of atmospheric PCBs and PAHs. Environ Sci Technol 32:2172-9
    • (1998) Environ Sci Technol , vol.32 , pp. 2172-2179
    • Lee, R.G.M.1    Hung, H.2    Mackay, D.3
  • 44
    • 0028977115 scopus 로고
    • Geographical distribution and identification of methyl sulphone PCB and DDE metabolites in pooled polar bear (Ursus maritimus) adipose tissue from western hemisphere arctic and subarctic regions
    • Letcher RJ, Norstrom RJ, and Bergman Å. 1995. Geographical distribution and identification of methyl sulphone PCB and DDE metabolites in pooled polar bear (Ursus maritimus) adipose tissue from western hemisphere arctic and subarctic regions. Sci Total Environ 160/161:409-20
    • (1995) Sci Total Environ , vol.160-161 , pp. 409-420
    • Letcher, R.J.1    Norstrom, R.J.2    Bergman, Å.3
  • 45
    • 0035061889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Irreversible binding and adrenocorticolytic activity of the DDT metabolite 3-methylsulfonyl-DDE examined in tissue slice culture
    • Lindhe Ö, Lund B-O, Bergman Å, et al. 2001. Irreversible binding and adrenocorticolytic activity of the DDT metabolite 3-methylsulfonyl-DDE examined in tissue slice culture. Environ Health Perspect 109:105-10
    • (2001) Environ Health Perspect , vol.109 , pp. 105-110
    • Lindhe, Ö.1    Lund, B.-O.2    Bergman, Å.3
  • 46
    • 0034928843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aromatic hydrocarbon receptor-driven Bax gene expression is required for premature ovarian failure caused by biohazardous environmental chemicals
    • Matikainen T, Perez GI, Jurisicova A, et al. 2001. Aromatic hydrocarbon receptor-driven Bax gene expression is required for premature ovarian failure caused by biohazardous environmental chemicals. Nat Genet Aug 28:355-60
    • (2001) Nat Genet Aug , vol.28 , pp. 355-360
    • Matikainen, T.1    Perez, G.I.2    Jurisicova, A.3
  • 47
    • 0026614481 scopus 로고
    • Organochlorine contaminants in narwhal (Monodon monoceros) from the Canadian Arctic
    • Muir DCG, Ford CA, Grift NP, et al. 1992. Organochlorine contaminants in narwhal (Monodon monoceros) from the Canadian Arctic. Environ Pollut 75:307-16
    • (1992) Environ Pollut , vol.75 , pp. 307-316
    • Muir, D.C.G.1    Ford, C.A.2    Grift, N.P.3
  • 48
    • 0028164077 scopus 로고
    • Consistency and sensitivity of community level endpoints in microcosm tests
    • Niederlehner BR and Cairns J. 1994. Consistency and sensitivity of community level endpoints in microcosm tests. J Aquat Ecosys Health 3:93-9
    • (1994) J Aquat Ecosys Health , vol.3 , pp. 93-99
    • Niederlehner, B.R.1    Cairns, J.2
  • 49
    • 0020613975 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of the determination of organochlorine contaminants in human milk
    • Norén K. 1983a. Some aspects of the determination of organochlorine contaminants in human milk. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 12:277-83
    • (1983) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.12 , pp. 277-283
    • Norén, K.1
  • 50
    • 0021082410 scopus 로고
    • Levels of organochlorine contaminants in human milk in relation to the dietary habits of the mothers
    • Norén K. 1983b. Levels of organochlorine contaminants in human milk in relation to the dietary habits of the mothers. Acta Paedr Scand 72:811-6
    • (1983) Acta Paedr Scand , vol.72 , pp. 811-816
    • Norén, K.1
  • 51
    • 0034002836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Certain organochlorine and organobromine contaminants in Swedish human milk in perspective of past 20-30 years
    • Norén K and Meironyté D. 2000. Certain organochlorine and organobromine contaminants in Swedish human milk in perspective of past 20-30 years. Chemospere 40:1111-23
    • (2000) Chemospere , vol.40 , pp. 1111-1123
    • Norén, K.1    Meironyté, D.2
  • 52
    • 0024200424 scopus 로고
    • Organochlorine contaminants in Arctic marine food chains: Identification, geographical distribution and temporal trends in polar bears
    • Norstrom RJ, Simon M, Muir DCG, et al. 1988. Organochlorine contaminants in Arctic marine food chains: Identification, geographical distribution and temporal trends in polar bears. Environ Sci Technol 22:1063-71
    • (1988) Environ Sci Technol , vol.22 , pp. 1063-1071
    • Norstrom, R.J.1    Simon, M.2    Muir, D.C.G.3
  • 53
    • 0025230575 scopus 로고
    • Pregnenolone and estradiol identification in the brine shrimp, Artemia sp., by means of gas chromatographical-mass spectrometrical analysis
    • Novak F, Van Beek E, Lambert J, et al. 1990. Pregnenolone and estradiol identification in the brine shrimp, Artemia sp., by means of gas chromatographical-mass spectrometrical analysis. Comp Biochem Physiol 95B:565-9
    • (1990) Comp Biochem Physiol , vol.95 B , pp. 565-569
    • Novak, F.1    Van Beek, E.2    Lambert, J.3
  • 55
    • 0032901303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microarrays and toxicology: The advent of toxicogenomics
    • Nuwaysir EF, Bittner M, Trent J, et al. 1999. Microarrays and toxicology: The advent of toxicogenomics. Mol Carcinog 24:153-9
    • (1999) Mol Carcinog , vol.24 , pp. 153-159
    • Nuwaysir, E.F.1    Bittner, M.2    Trent, J.3
  • 56
    • 0029990539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embryological origin for autism: Developmental anomalies of the cranial nerve motor nuclei
    • Rodier PM, Ingram JL, Tisdale B, et al. 1996. Embryological origin for autism: Developmental anomalies of the cranial nerve motor nuclei. J Comp Neurol 370:247-61
    • (1996) J Comp Neurol , vol.370 , pp. 247-261
    • Rodier, P.M.1    Ingram, J.L.2    Tisdale, B.3
  • 57
    • 0005034664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), Washington, DC, USA
    • Roe D, Pease W, Florini K, et al. 1997. Toxic Ignorance. Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), Washington, DC, USA
    • (1997) Toxic Ignorance
    • Roe, D.1    Pease, W.2    Florini, K.3
  • 59
    • 0034028830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High PCB concentrations in free ranging Pacific killer whales, Orcinus orca: Effects of age, sex and dietary preferences
    • Ross PS, Ellis GM, Ikonomu, MG, et al. 2000. High PCB concentrations in free ranging Pacific killer whales, Orcinus orca: Effects of age, sex and dietary preferences. Mar Pollut Bull 40:504-15
    • (2000) Mar Pollut Bull , vol.40 , pp. 504-515
    • Ross, P.S.1    Ellis, G.M.2    Ikonomu, M.G.3
  • 60
    • 0034665869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of 4-hydroxyheptachlorostyrene in polar bear plasma and its binding affinity to transthyretin: A metabolite of octachlorostyrene?
    • Sandau CD, Meerts IATM, Letcher RJ, et al. 2000a. Identification of 4-hydroxyheptachlorostyrene in polar bear plasma and its binding affinity to transthyretin: A metabolite of octachlorostyrene? Environ Sci Technol 34:3871-7
    • (2000) Environ Sci Technol , vol.34 , pp. 3871-3877
    • Sandau, C.D.1    Meerts, I.A.T.M.2    Letcher, R.J.3
  • 62
    • 22844453938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimensions of the precautionary principle
    • Sandin P. 1999. Dimensions of the precautionary principle. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 5:889-907
    • (1999) Hum Ecol Risk Assess , vol.5 , pp. 889-907
    • Sandin, P.1
  • 63
    • 0742298878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The default value approach to the precautionary principle
    • Sandin P and Hansson SO. 2002. The default value approach to the precautionary principle. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 8:463-71
    • (2002) Hum Ecol Risk Assess , vol.8 , pp. 463-471
    • Sandin, P.1    Hansson, S.O.2
  • 64
    • 85023970425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five charges against the precautionary principle
    • Sandin P, Peterson M, Hansson SO, et al. 2002. Five charges against the precautionary principle. J Risk Res 5:287-99
    • (2002) J Risk Res , vol.5 , pp. 287-299
    • Sandin, P.1    Peterson, M.2    Hansson, S.O.3
  • 65
    • 0035684801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic threats to neurologic development of children
    • Scheffler T. 2001. Toxic threats to neurologic development of children. Environ Health Perspect 109(suppl. 6):813-6
    • (2001) Environ Health Perspect , vol.109 , Issue.6 SUPPL. , pp. 813-816
    • Scheffler, T.1
  • 66
    • 0035000966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Atrazine and Nicosulfuron on phytoplankton in systems of increasing complexity
    • Seguin F, Leboulanger C, Rimet F, et al. 2001. Effects of Atrazine and Nicosulfuron on phytoplankton in systems of increasing complexity. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 40:198-208
    • (2001) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.40 , pp. 198-208
    • Seguin, F.1    Leboulanger, C.2    Rimet, F.3
  • 67
    • 0028970669 scopus 로고
    • Global distribution of persistent organic compounds
    • Simonich SL and Hites RA. 1995. Global distribution of persistent organic compounds. Science 269:1851-4
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 1851-1854
    • Simonich, S.L.1    Hites, R.A.2
  • 68
    • 0035369987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Key challenges for toxicologists in the 21st century
    • Smith LL. Key challenges for toxicologists in the 21st century. 2001. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 22:281-5
    • (2001) Trends Pharmacol Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 281-285
    • Smith, L.L.1
  • 69
    • 0036082912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical contaminants in breast milk: Time trends and regional variability
    • Solomon GM and Weiss PM. 2002. Chemical contaminants in breast milk: Time trends and regional variability. Environ Health Perspect 110:A339-A47
    • (2002) Environ Health Perspect , vol.110
    • Solomon, G.M.1    Weiss, P.M.2
  • 70
    • 0030910490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lessons of Bophal[toxic] MIC gas disaster: Scope for expanding global biomonitoring and environmental specimen banking
    • Sriramachari S and Chandra H. 1997. The lessons of Bophal[toxic] MIC gas disaster: Scope for expanding global biomonitoring and environmental specimen banking. Chemosphere 34:2237-50
    • (1997) Chemosphere , vol.34 , pp. 2237-2250
    • Sriramachari, S.1    Chandra, H.2
  • 71
    • 0022878922 scopus 로고
    • Bioacumulation of organochlorines (PCBs and P,P'DDE) in Antarctic Adelie Penguins Pygosceils adeliae collected during a breeding season
    • Subramanian A, Tanabe S, Hidaka, H, et al. 1986. Bioacumulation of organochlorines (PCBs and P,P'DDE) in Antarctic Adelie Penguins Pygosceils adeliae collected during a breeding season. Environ Pollution 40:173-89
    • (1986) Environ Pollution , vol.40 , pp. 173-189
    • Subramanian, A.1    Tanabe, S.2    Hidaka, H.3
  • 72
    • 0023267446 scopus 로고
    • Gain and loss rates and biological half-life of PCBs and DDE in the bodies of adelie penguins
    • Subramanian AN, Tanabe S, Tanaka H, et al. 1987. Gain and loss rates and biological half-life of PCBs and DDE in the bodies of adelie penguins. Environ Pollution 43:39-46
    • (1987) Environ Pollution , vol.43 , pp. 39-46
    • Subramanian, A.N.1    Tanabe, S.2    Tanaka, H.3
  • 73
    • 0002415903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unique information contribution by multispecies systems: Examples from the standardized aquatic microcosm
    • Taub FB. 1997. Unique information contribution by multispecies systems: Examples from the standardized aquatic microcosm. Ecol Appl 7:1103-10
    • (1997) Ecol Appl , vol.7 , pp. 1103-1110
    • Taub, F.B.1
  • 74
    • 0035213686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of toxicologically predictive gene sets using cDNA microarrays
    • Thomas RS, Rank DR, Penn SG, et al. 2001. Identification of toxicologically predictive gene sets using cDNA microarrays. Mol Pharmacol. 60:1189-94
    • (2001) Mol Pharmacol. , vol.60 , pp. 1189-1194
    • Thomas, R.S.1    Rank, D.R.2    Penn, S.G.3
  • 75
    • 0003662518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DRAFT NCEA-F-0644. Washington, DC, USA
    • USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment. DRAFT NCEA-F-0644. Washington, DC, USA
    • (1999) Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment
  • 77
    • 0036096938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal exposure to the brominated flame-retardant, 2,2′,4, 4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether, causes increased susceptibility in the cholinergic transmitter system at adult age
    • In press
    • Viberg H, Fredriksson A, and Eriksson P. In press. Neonatal exposure to the brominated flame-retardant, 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether, causes increased susceptibility in the cholinergic transmitter system at adult age. Toxicol Sci
    • Toxicol Sci
    • Viberg, H.1    Fredriksson, A.2    Eriksson, P.3
  • 79
    • 0027382661 scopus 로고
    • Global fractionation and cold condensation of low volatility organochlorine compounds in polar regions
    • Wania F and Mackay D. 1993. Global fractionation and cold condensation of low volatility organochlorine compounds in polar regions. Ambio 22:10-8
    • (1993) Ambio , vol.22 , pp. 10-18
    • Wania, F.1    Mackay, D.2
  • 80
    • 0029659543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking the distribution of persistent organic pollutants
    • Wania F and Mackay D. 1996. Tracking the distribution of persistent organic pollutants. Environ Sci Technol 30:390A-6A
    • (1996) Environ Sci Technol , vol.30
    • Wania, F.1    Mackay, D.2
  • 81
    • 17944366528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clustering of hepatotoxins based on mechanism of toxicity using gene expression profiles
    • Waring JF, Jolly RA, Ciurlionis R, et al. 2001. Clustering of hepatotoxins based on mechanism of toxicity using gene expression profiles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 175:28-42
    • (2001) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.175 , pp. 28-42
    • Waring, J.F.1    Jolly, R.A.2    Ciurlionis, R.3
  • 83
    • 84860919973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure of selected potential endocrine disrupting chemicals in humans and wildlife
    • Damstra T, Barlow S, Bergman Å, et al., eds, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Geneva, Switzerland
    • WHO (World Health Organization). 2002. Exposure of selected potential endocrine disrupting chemicals in humans and wildlife. In: Damstra T, Barlow S, Bergman Å, et al., eds, Global Assessment of the State-of-Science of Endocrine Disruptors. International Programme on Chemical Safety, Geneva, Switzerland
    • (2002) Global Assessment of the State-of-Science of Endocrine Disruptors


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.