Role of adjuvant therapy after resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases

Journal of Clinical Oncology

Volumn 28, Issue 13, 2010, Pages 2300-2309

  Power, Derek G ^a   Kemeny, Nancy E ^a  

^a MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BEVACIZUMAB; CAPECITABINE; CETUXIMAB; DEXAMETHASONE; FLOXURIDINE; FLUOROURACIL; FOLINIC ACID; IRINOTECAN; MITOMYCIN; OXALIPLATIN; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER MORTALITY; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); COLORECTAL CANCER; DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL; FATTY LIVER; HUMAN; KAPLAN MEIER METHOD; LIVER METASTASIS; LIVER RESECTION; MORBIDITY; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PREOPERATIVE TREATMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SYSTEMIC THERAPY; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; ADJUVANT THERAPY; COLORECTAL TUMOR; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; LIVER TUMOR; METASTASIS; MORTALITY; PATHOLOGY; PATIENT SELECTION; RECURRENT DISEASE; TIME; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS; CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HEPATECTOMY; HUMANS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; NEOADJUVANT THERAPY; PATIENT SELECTION; RECURRENCE; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 77952302964     PISSN: 0732183X     EISSN: 15277755     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2009.26.9340     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Ferlay J, Autier P, Boniol M, et al: Estimates of the cancer incidence and mortality in Europe in 2006. Ann Oncol 18:581-592, 2007
2. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al: Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin 59:225-249, 2009
3. Van Cutsem EJ, Oliveira J: Advanced colorectal cancer: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 19:ii33-34, 2008 (suppl 2)
4. Kemeny N: Presurgical chemotherapy in patients being considered for liver resection. Oncologist 12:825-839, 2007
5. Rees M, Tekkis PP, Welsh FK, et al: Evaluation of long-term survival after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: A multifactorial model of 929 patients. Ann Surg 247:125-135, 2008
6. Leonard GD, Brenner B, Kemeny NE: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before liver resection for patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 23:2038-2048, 2005 (Pubitemid 46211384)
7. Kopetz S, Chang GJ, Overman MJ, et al: Improved survival in metastatic colorectal cancer is associated with adoption of hepatic resection and improved chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 27:3677-3683, 2009
8. Abdalla EK, Vauthey JN, Ellis LM, et al: Recurrence and outcomes following hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation, and combined resection/ ablation for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 239:818-827, 2004 (Pubitemid 38669432)
9. Fernandez FG, Drebin JA, Linehan DC, et al: Five-year survival after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer in patients screened by positron emission tomography with F-18 fluorode-oxyglucose (FDG-PET). Ann Surg 240:438-450, 2004 (Pubitemid 39121338)
10. Tomlinson JS, Jarnagin WR, DeMatteo RP, et al: Actual 10-year survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases defines cure. J Clin Oncol 25:4575-4580, 2007 (Pubitemid 350035315)
11. Parks R, Gonen M, Kemeny N, et al: Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival after resection of hepatic colorectal metastases: Analysis of data from two continents. J Am Coll Surg 204:753-761, 2007; discussion 204:761-763, 2007
12. Mitry E, Fields AL, Bleiberg H, et al: Adjuvant chemotherapy after potentially curative resection of metastases from colorectal cancer: A pooled analysis of two randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 26:4906-4911, 2008
13. Alberts SR, Horvath WL, Sternfeld WC, et al: Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for patients with unresectable liver-only metastases from colorectal cancer: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group phase II study. J Clin Oncol 23:9243-9249, 2005
14. Pozzo C, Basso M, Cassano A, et al: Neoadjuvant treatment of unresectable liver disease with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil plus folinic acid in colorectal cancer patients. Ann Oncol 15:933-939, 2004 (Pubitemid 39004350)
15. Adam R, Wicherts DA, de Haas RJ, et al: Patients with initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases: Is there a possibility of cure? J Clin Oncol 27:1829-1835, 2009
16. Kemeny NE, Melendez FD, Capanu M, et al: Conversion to resectability using hepatic artery infusion plus systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of unresectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 27:3465-3471, 2009
17. Folprecht G, Gruenberger T, Bechstein WO, et al: Tumour response and secondary resectability of colorectal liver metastases following neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cetuximab: The CELIM randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 11:38-47, 2009
18. Andre T, Boni C, Navarro M, et al: Improved overall survival with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment in stage II or III colon cancer in the MOSAIC trial. J Clin Oncol 27:3109-3116, 2009
19. Kuebler JP, Wieand HS, O'Connell MJ, et al: Oxaliplatin combined with weekly bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin as surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III colon cancer: Results from NSABP C-07. J Clin Oncol 25:2198-2204, 2007 (Pubitemid 46954643)
20. Nordlinger B, Guiguet M, Vaillant JC, et al: Surgical resection of colorectal carcinoma metastases to the liver. A prognostic scoring system to improve case selection, based on 1568 patients: Association Francaise de Chirurgie. Cancer 77:1254-1262, 1996
21. Fong Y, Fortner J, Sun RL, et al: Clinical score for predicting recurrence after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: Analysis of 1001 consecutive cases. Ann Surg 230:309-318, 1999; discussion 230:318-321, 1999
22. Kattan MW, Gonen M, Jarnagin WR, et al: A nomogram for predicting disease-specific survival after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 247:282-287, 2008 (Pubitemid 351156771)
23. Cady B, Jenkins RL, Steele GD Jr, et al: Surgical margin in hepatic resection for colorectal metastasis: A critical and improvable determinant of outcome. Ann Surg 227:566-571, 1998 (Pubitemid 28363275)
24. Iwatsuki S, Dvorchik I, Madariaga JR, et al: Hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma: A proposal of a prognostic scoring system. J Am Coll Surg 189:291-299, 1999 (Pubitemid 29408866)
25. Schindl M, Wigmore SJ, Currie EJ, et al: Prognostic scoring in colorectal cancer liver metastases: Development and validation. Arch Surg 140:183-189, 2005 (Pubitemid 40229110)
26. Bertagnolli MM, Niedzwiecki D, Compton CC, et al: Microsatellite instability predicts improved response to adjuvant therapy with irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin in stage III colon cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B protocol 89803. J Clin Oncol 27:1814-1821, 2009
27. Souglakos J, Philips J, Wang R, et al: Prognostic and predictive value of common mutations for treatment response and survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 101:465-472, 2009
28. Lassmann S, Tang L, Capanu M, et al: Predictive molecular markers for colorectal cancer patients with resected liver metastasis and adjuvant chemotherapy. Gastroenterology 133:1831-1839, 2007
29. Lurje G, Manegold PC, Ning Y, et al: Thymidylate synthase gene variations: Predictive and prognostic markers. Mol Cancer Ther 8:1000-1007, 2009
30. Gonen M, Hummer A, Zervoudakis A, et al: Thymidylate synthase expression in hepatic tumors is a predictor of survival and progression in patients with resectable metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 21:406-412, 2003 (Pubitemid 46606467)
31. Fong Y, Cohen AM, Fortner JG, et al: Liver resection for colorectal metastases. J Clin Oncol 15:938-946, 1997 (Pubitemid 27106275)
32. Petrelli NJ: Perioperative or adjuvant therapy for resectable colorectal hepatic metastases. J Clin Oncol 26:4862-4863, 2008
33. Nakajima Y, Nagao M, Ko S, et al: Clinical predictors of recurrence site after hepatectomy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 48:1680-1684, 2001 (Pubitemid 34003503)
34. O'Connell MJ, Adson MA, Schett AJ, et al: Clinical trial of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical reseection of colorectal cancer metastatic to liver. Mayo Clin Proc 60:517-520, 1985 (Pubitemid 16241712)
35. Langer B, Bleiberg H, Labianca R, et al: Fluorouracil (FU) plus l-leucovorin (l-LV) versus observation after potentially curative resection of liver or lung metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC): Results of the ENG (EORTC/NCIC CTG/GIVIO) randomized trial. Proc Amer Soc Clin Oncol 21:149a, 2002 (suppl; abstr 592)
36. Lopez-Ladron A, Salvador J, Bernabe R, et al: Observation versus postoperative chemotherapy after resection of liver metastases in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Proc Amer Soc Clin Oncol 22:373, 2003 (suppl; abstr 1497)
37. Portier G, Elias D, Bouche O, et al: Multicenter randomized trial of adjuvant fluorouracil and folinic acid compared with surgery alone after resection of colorectal liver metastases: FFCD ACHBTH AURC 9002 trial. J Clin Oncol 24:4976-4982, 2006 (Pubitemid 46631399)
38. Ychou M, Hohenberger W, Thezenas S, et al: A randomized phase III study comparing adjuvant 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid with FOLFIRI in patients following complete resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 20:1964-1970, 2009
39. Figueras J, Torras J, Valls C, et al: Surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases in patients with expanded indications: A single-center experience with 501 patients. Dis Colon Rectum 50:478-488, 2007 (Pubitemid 46701611)
40. Wang X, Hershman DL, Abrams JA, et al: Predictors of survival after hepatic resection among patients with colorectal liver metastasis. Br J Cancer 97:1606-1612, 2007 (Pubitemid 350249362)
41. de Jong MC, Pulitano C, Ribero D, et al: Rates and patterns of recurrence following curative intent surgery for colorectal liver metastasis. Ann Surg 250:440-448, 2009
42. Kanemitsu Y, Kato T, Shimizu Y, et al: A randomized phase II/III trial comparing hepatectomy followed by mFOLFOX6 with hepatectomy alone as treatment for liver metastasis from colorectal cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group study JCOG0603. Jpn J Clin Oncol 39:406-409, 2009
43. Kim SY, Kim HJ, Hong YS, et al: Resected colorectal liver metastases: Does the survival differ according to postoperative chemotherapy regimen? J Surg Oncol 100:713-718, 2009
44. Breedis C, Young G: The blood supply of neoplasms in the liver. Am J Pathol 30:969-977, 1954
45. Ensminger WD, Gyves JW: Clinical pharmacology of hepatic arterial chemotherapy. Semin Oncol 10:176-182, 1983 (Pubitemid 13050371)
46. Ensminger WD, Rosowsky A, Raso V: A clinical-pharmacological evaluation of hepatic arterial infusions of 5-fluoro-2′ -deoxyuridine and 5- fluorouracil. Cancer Res 38:3784-3792, 1978 (Pubitemid 9045207)
47. Asahara T, Kikkawa M, Okajima M, et al: Studies of postoperative transarterial infusion chemotherapy for liver metastasis of colorectal carcinoma after hepatectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 45:805-811, 1998 (Pubitemid 28321062)
48. Kemeny MM, Adak S, Gray B, et al: Combined-modality treatment for resectable metastatic colorectal carcinoma to the liver: Surgical resection of hepatic metastases in combination with continuous infusion of chemotherapy-an intergroup study. J Clin Oncol 20:1499-1505, 2002 (Pubitemid 34260528)
49. Lorenz M, Muller HH, Schramm H, et al: Randomized trial of surgery versus surgery followed by adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid for liver metastases of colorectal cancer: German Cooperative on Liver Metastases (Arbeitsgruppe Lebermetastasen). Ann Surg 228:756-762, 1998 (Pubitemid 30191686)
50. Lygidakis NJ, Ziras N, Parissis J: Resection versus resection combined with adjuvant pre- and post-operative chemotherapy-immunotherapy for metastatic colorectal liver cancer. A new look at an old problem. Hepatogastroenterology 42:155-161, 1995
51. Rudroff C, Altendorf-Hoffmann A, Stangl R, et al: Prospective randomised trial on adjuvant hepatic-artery infusion chemotherapy after R0 resection of colorectal liver metastases. Langenbecks Arch Surg 384:243-249, 1999 (Pubitemid 29309067)
52. Kemeny N, Huang Y, Cohen AM, et al: Hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 341:2039-2048, 1999 (Pubitemid 30035952)
53. Kemeny NE, Gonen M: Hepatic arterial infusion after liver resection. N Engl J Med 352:734-735, 2005 (Pubitemid 40239230)
54. Lygidakis NJ, Sgourakis G, Vlachos L, et al: Metastatic liver disease of colorectal origin: The value of locoregional immunochemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy following liver resection: Results of a prospective randomized study. Hepatogastroenterology 48:1685-1691, 2001 (Pubitemid 34003504)
55. Yasuda S, Noto T, Ikeda M, et al: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using implantable reservoir in colorectal liver metastasis [in Japanese]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho17:1815-1819, 1990
56. Tono T, Hasuike Y, Ohzato H, et al: Limited but definite efficacy of prophylactic hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy after curative resection of colorectal liver metastases: A randomized study. Cancer 88:1549-1556, 2000 (Pubitemid 30183139)
57. Kemeny N, Capanu M, D'Angelica M, et al: Phase I trial of adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) with floxuridine (FUDR) and dexamethasone plus systemic oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with resected liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 20:1236-1241, 2009
58. Kemeny N, Jarnagin W, Gonen M, et al: Phase I/II study of hepatic arterial therapy with floxuridine and dexamethasone in combination with intravenous irinotecan as adjuvant treatment after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 21:3303-3309, 2003 (Pubitemid 46606264)
59. Reference deleted
60. Kemeny NE, Capanu M, Fong Y, et al: Survival after resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer with poor clinical risk factors using adjuvant systemic plus hepatic arterial therapy. J Clin Oncol 26:197s, 2008 (suppl; abstr 4076)
61. Alberts S, Mahoney MR, Donohue JH, et al: Systemic capecitabine and oxaliplatin administered with hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of floxuridine (FUDR) following complete resection of colorectal metastases (M-CRC) confined to the liver. J Clin Oncol 25:177s, 2007 (abstr 4057)
62. Ito H, Are C, Gonen M, et al: Effect of postoperative morbidity on long-term survival after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 247:994-1002, 2008 (Pubitemid 351770420)
63. House MG, Kemeny N, Jarnagin WR, et al: Comparison of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy with or without hepatic arterial infusional chemotherapy after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. The Gastrointestinal Cancer Symposium (American Society of Clinical Oncology), January 15-17, 2009, San Francisco, CA (abstr 383)
64. Mariani P, Des Guetz G, Uzzan B, et al: Systemic or hepatic arterial chemotherapy after curative resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Oncol 26:197s, 2008 (suppl; abstr 4077)
65. Cummings FJ, Varker K, Begossi G, et al: Hepatic artery infusion in surgical therapy of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 26:650s, 2008 (suppl; abstr 15077)
66. Kemeny N, Conti JA, Cohen A, et al: Phase II study of hepatic arterial floxuridine, leucovorin, and dexamethasone for unresectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 12:2288-2295, 1994 (Pubitemid 24346697)
67. Kemeny N, Seiter K, Niedzwiecki D, et al: A randomized trial of intrahepatic infusion of fluorode-oxyuridine with dexamethasone versus fluorode-oxyuridine alone in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer 69:327-334, 1992
68. Kemeny N, Fata F: Hepatic-arterial chemotherapy. Lancet Oncol 2:418-428, 2001 (Pubitemid 33585946)
69. Carlo WF, Hummer AJ, Schwartz L, et al: Extent of hepatic resection does not correlate with toxicity following adjuvant chemotherapy. J Surg Oncol 87:85-90, 2004 (Pubitemid 39079655)
70. Nordlinger B, Sorbye H, Glimelius B, et al: Perioperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC Intergroup trial 40983): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 371:1007-1016, 2008 (Pubitemid 351392040)
71. Taieb J, Artru P, Paye F, et al: Intensive systemic chemotherapy combined with surgery for metastatic colorectal cancer: Results of a phase II study. J Clin Oncol 23:502-509, 2005 (Pubitemid 46224226)
72. Van Cutsem E, Kohne CH, Hitre E, et al: Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 360:1408-1417, 2009
73. Gruenberger T, Kaczirek K, Bergmann M, et al: Progression-free survival in a phase II study of perioperative bevacizumab plus XELOX in patients with potentially curable metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 26:196s, 2008 (suppl; abstr 4073)
74. Gruenberger B, Tamandl D, Schueller J, et al: Bevacizumab, capecitabine, and oxaliplatin as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with potentially curable metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 26:1830-1835, 2008
75. Bouganim N, Ang C, Kavan P, et al: Perioperative bevacizumab (Bev) containing chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases. J Clin Oncol 26:650s, 2008 (suppl; abstr 15073)
76. Nordlinger B, Van Cutsem E, Gruenberger T, et al: Combination of surgery and chemotherapy and the role of targeted agents in the treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases: Recommendations from an expert panel. Ann Oncol 20: 985-992, 2009
77. Cunningham D, Allum WH, Stenning SP, et al: Perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal cancer. N Engl J Med 355:11-20, 2006
78. Khan AZ, Morris-Stiff G, Makuuchi M: Patterns of chemotherapy-induced hepatic injury and their implications for patients undergoing liver resection for colorectal liver metastases. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 16:137-144, 2009
79. Belghiti J, Hiramatsu K, Benoist S, et al: Seven hundred forty-seven hepatectomies in the 1990s: An update to evaluate the actual risk of liver resection. J Am Coll Surg 191:38-46, 2000 (Pubitemid 30439557)
80. Rubbia-Brandt L, Audard V, Sartoretti P, et al: Severe hepatic sinusoidal obstruction associated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 15:460-466, 2004 (Pubitemid 38444550)
81. Rubbia-Brandt L, Mentha G, Terris B: Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome is a major feature of hepatic lesions associated with oxaliplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy for liver colorectal metastases. J Am Coll Surg 202:199-200, 2006 (Pubitemid 41831492)
82. Vauthey JN, Pawlik TM, Ribero D, et al: Chemotherapy regimen predicts steatohepatitis and an increase in 90-day mortality after surgery for hepatic colorectal metastases. J Clin Oncol 24:2065-2072, 2006 (Pubitemid 46622116)
83. Aloia T, Sebagh M, Plasse M, et al: Liver histology and surgical outcomes after preoperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer liver metastases. J Clin Oncol 24:4983-4990, 2006 (Pubitemid 46631400)
84. Kooby DA, Fong Y, Suriawinata A, et al: Impact of steatosis on perioperative outcome following hepatic resection. J Gastrointest Surg 7:1034-1044, 2003 (Pubitemid 37524071)
85. Karoui M, Penna C, Amin-Hashem M, et al: Influence of preoperative chemotherapy on the risk of major hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 243:1-7, 2006 (Pubitemid 43054046)
86. Nakano H, Oussoultzoglou E, Rosso E, et al: Sinusoidal injury increases morbidity after major hepatectomy in patients with colorectal liver metastases receiving preoperative chemotherapy. Ann Surg 247:118-124, 2008
87. Chun YS, Laurent A, Maru D, et al: Management of chemotherapy-associated hepatotoxicity in colorectal liver metastases. Lancet Oncol 10:278-286, 2009
88. Folprecht G, Grothey A, Alberts S, et al: Neoadjuvant treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastases: Correlation between tumour response and resection rates. Ann Oncol 16:1311-1319, 2005 (Pubitemid 41158476)
89. Gallagher DJ, Zheng J, Capanu M, et al: Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not predict overall survival for patients with synchronous colorectal hepatic metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 16:1844-1851, 2009
90. Kemeny NE, Capanu M, Huitzil-Melendez D, et al: Is neoadjuvant (neoadj) treatment necessary prior to liver resection in patients with resectable liver metastases (mets) from colorectal carcinoma (CRC) treated with post-resection hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) plus systemic (SYS) chemotherapy? J Clin Oncol 25:625s, 2007 (suppl; abstr 14503)
91. Gruenberger B, Scheithauer W, Punzengruber R, et al: Importance of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in potentially curable colorectal cancer liver metastases. BMC Cancer 8:120, 2008
92. Adam R, Pascal G, Castaing D, et al: Tumor progression while on chemotherapy: A contraindication to liver resection for multiple colorectal metastases? Ann Surg 240:1052-1064, 2004
93. Adam R, Wicherts DA, de Haas RJ, et al: Complete pathologic response after preoperative chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases: Myth or reality? J Clin Oncol 26:1635-1641, 2008
94. Kornprat P, Jarnagin WR, Gonen M, et al: Outcome after hepatectomy for multiple (four or more) colorectal metastases in the era of effective chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 14:1151-1160, 2007
95. Blazer III DG, Kishi Y, Maru DM, et al: Pathologic response to preoperative chemotherapy: A new outcome end point after resection of hepatic colorectal metastases. J Clin Oncol 26:5344-5351, 2008
96. Benoist S, Brouquet A, Penna C, et al: Complete response of colorectal liver metastases after chemotherapy: Does it mean cure? J Clin Oncol 24:3939-3945, 2006 (Pubitemid 46630742)
97. Auer RC, White RR, Kemeny N, et al: Predictors of a true complete response among disappearing liver metastases from colorectal cancer following chemotherapy. Cancer 116:1502-1509, 2010
98. Elias D, Goere D, Boige V, et al: Outcome of posthepatectomy-missing colorectal liver metastases after complete response to chemotherapy: Impact of adjuvant intra-arterial hepatic oxaliplatin. Ann Surg Oncol 14:3188-3194, 2007 (Pubitemid 47594272)
99. Downs SH, Black N: The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. J Epidemiol Community Health 52:377-384, 1998 (Pubitemid 28438523)