Human resource management practices Affecting unit managers in franchise networks

Human Resource Management

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 225-239

  Castrogiovanni, Gary J ^a   Kidwell, Roland E ^a,b  

^a FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

Author keywords

Chains; Compensation; Development; Franchising; Human resource management; Staffng; Training

Indexed keywords

EID: 77952228929     PISSN: 00904848     EISSN: 1099050X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hrm.20345     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17, 88-120.
2. Becker, B. E., & Huselid, M. A. (1992). The incentive effects of tournament compensation systems. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37, 336-350.
3. Becker, B. E., & Huselid, M. A. (1998). High-performance work systems and firm performance: A synthesis of research and managerial implications. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 16, 53-101.
4. Becker, B. E., & Huselid, M. A. (2006). Strategic human resources management: Where do we go from here? Journal of Management, 32, 898-925.
5. Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital. New York: Bureau of Economic Research.
6. Bradach, J. (1995). Chains within chains: The role of multi-unit franchisees. Journal of Marketing Channels, 4, 65-81.
7. Bradach, J. (1997). Using the plural form in the management of restaurant chains. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 276-303.
8. Brickley, J., & Dark, F. (1987). The choice of organizational form: The case of franchising. Journal of Financial Economics, 18, 401-420.
9. Brown, W. (1998). Transaction costs, corporate hierarchies, and the theory of franchising. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 36, 319-329.
10. Brush, C., Duhaime, I., Gartner, W., Stewart, A., Katz, J., Hitt, M., et al. (2003). Doctoral education in the field of entrepreneurship. Journal of Management, 29, 309-331.
11. Carland, J. W., Hoy, F., Boulton, W., & Carland, J. C. (1984). Differentiating entrepreneurs from small business owners: A conceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 9, 354-359.
12. Carney, M., & Gedajlovic, E. (1991). Vertical integration in franchise systems: Agency theory and resource explanations. Strategic Management Journal, 12, 607-629.
13. Cascio, W. F. (2000). Costing human resources: The financial impact of behavior in organizations (4th ed.). Cincinnati: South-Western.
14. Castrogiovanni, G., Combs, J., & Justis, R. (2006a). Shifting imperatives: An integrative view of resource scarcity and agency reasons for franchising. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30, 23-40.
15. Castrogiovanni, G., Combs, J., & Justis, R. (2006b). Resource scarcity and agency theory predictions concerning the continued use of franchising in multi-outlet networks. Journal of Small Business Management, 44(1), 27-44.
16. Castrogiovanni, G., & Justis, R. (1998). Franchising configurations and transitions. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 15, 170-190.
17. Castrogiovanni, G., & Justis, R. (2007). Franchise failure: A reassessment of the Bates (1995) results. Service Business, 1, 247-256.
18. Caves, R., & Murphy, W. (1976). Franchising: Firms, markets, and intangible assets. Southern Economic Journal, 42, 572-586.
19. Child, J. (1987). Information technology, organization, and the response to strategic challenges. California Management Review, 30, 33-50.
20. Ciavarella, M. A. (2003). The adoption of high-involvement practices and processes in emergent and developing firms: A descriptive and prescriptive approach. Human Resource Management, 42(4), 337-356.
21. Combs, J., & Ketchen, D. (2003). Why do firms use franchising as an entrepreneurial strategy? A meta-analysis. Journal of Management, 29, 443-465.
22. Combs, J., Michael, S., & Castrogiovanni, G. (2004). Franchising: A review and avenues to greater theoretical diversity. Journal of Management, 30, 907-931.
23. Covin, J., & Slevin, D. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10, 57-75.
24. Delery, J. E. (1998). Issues of fit in strategic human resource management: Implications for research. Human Resource Management Review, 8, 289-309.
25. Delery, J. E., & Doty, D. H. (1996). Modes of theorizing in strategic human resource management: Tests of universalistic, contingency and configurational performance predictions. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 802-835.
26. del Valle, I., & Castillo, M. (2009). Human capital and sustainable competitive advantage: An analysis of the relationship between training and performance. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 5(2), 139-163.
27. DiPietro, R., Severt, D., Welsh, D., & Raven, P. (2008). Franchisee leadership traits vs. manager leadership traits: An exploratory study comparing hope, leadership, commitment and service quality delivery. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4, 63-78.
28. Dnes, A. (1996). The economic analysis of franchise contracts. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 152, 297-324.
29. Entrepreneur.com. (2006, December 4). McDonalds. Retrieved March 7, 2007, from http://www.entrepreneur.com/franchises/mcdonalds/282570-1.html
30. Evans, W. R., & Davis, W. D. (2005). High-performance work systems and organizational performance: The mediating role of internal social structure. Journal of Management, 31, 758-775.
31. Fenwick, L. (2001). Emerging markets: Defining global opportunities. Franchising World, 33(4), 54-55.
32. Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-140.
33. Frandata Corporation (2000). The profile of franchising: Vol. 3. A statistical abstract of 1998 UFOC data. Washington, DC: IFA Educational Foundation.
34. Grünhagen, M., Dorsch, M., & Wollan, M. (2008). Recall of autobiographical memory: A longitudinal analysis of franchisee experts. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4, 19-33.
35. Grünhagen, M., & Mittelstaedt, R. (2001). Franchising from the franchisee's perspective: A review of the multi-unit franchising paradox. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 2(1), 73-80.
36. Grünhagen, M., & Mittelstaedt, R. (2005). Entrepreneurs or investors: Do multi-unit franchisees have different philosophical orientations? Journal of Small Business Management, 43(3), 207-225.
37. Huselid, M. A. (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 635-672.
38. Huselid, M. A., Jackson, S. E., & Schuler, R. S. (1997). Technical and strategic human resource effectiveness as determinants of firm performance. Academy of Management Journal, 40, 171-188.
39. Jackson, S., Schuler, R., & Rivero, J. (1989). Organizational characteristics as predictors of personnel practices. Personnel Psychology, 42, 727-786.
40. Jambulingam, T., & Nevin, J. (1999). Influence of franchisee selection criteria on outcomes desired by the franchisor. Journal of Business Venturing, 14, 363-395.
41. Johnson, J., & Alon, I. (2006). How do international franchisors cluster? In I. Alon (Ed.), Service franchising: A global perspective (pp. 93-138), New York: Springer.
42. Julian, S., & Castrogiovanni, G. (1995). Franchisor geographic expansion. Journal of Small Business Management, 33(2), 1-11.
43. Justis, R., & Judd, R. (1998). Master franchising: A new look. Journal of Small Business Management, 24(3), 16-21.
44. Justis, R., & Judd, R. (2004). Franchising (3rd ed.). Cincinnati: Thomson Learning.
45. Kaufmann, P., & Dant, R. (1996). Multi-unit franchising: Growth and management issues. Journal of Business Venturing, 11, 343-358.
46. Kaufmann, P., & Dant, R. (1999). Franchising and the domain of entrepreneurship research. Journal of Business Venturing, 14, 5-16.
47. Kaufmann, P., & Eroglu, S. (1999). Standardization and adaptation in business format franchising. Journal of Business Venturing, 14, 69-85.
48. Kaufmann, P., & Stanworth, J. (1995). The decision to purchase a franchise: A study of prospective franchisees. Journal of Small Business Management, 33(4), 22-32.
49. Kidwell, R. E., & Bennett, N. (1993). Employee propensity to withhold effort: A conceptual model to intersect three avenues of research. Academy of Management Review, 18, 429-456.
50. Kidwell, R. E., & Nygaard, A. (2005). The logic of a plural system model: How evil can work for good. In Proceedings of the Southern Management Association, 43. Retrieved November 24, 2009, from http://southernmanagement.org/meetings/2005/proceedings/PaperID178.pdf.
51. Kidwell, R. E., Nygaard, A., & Silkoset, R. (2007). Antecedents and effects of free riding in the franchisor-franchisee relationship. Journal of Business Venturing, 22, 522-544.
52. Knight, R. (1984). The independence of the franchisee entrepreneur. Journal of Small Business Management, 22(2), 53-61.
53. Knight, R. (1986). Franchising from the franchisor and franchisee points of view. Journal of Small Business Management, 24(3), 8-15.
54. Krueger, A. (1991). Ownership, agency, and wages: An examination of franchising in the fast food industry. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 75-101.
55. Lafontaine, F. (1992). Agency theory and franchising: Some empirical results. RAND Journal of Economics, 23, 263-283.
56. LaVan, H., Coye, R. W., & Latona, J. C. (1988). Training and development in the franchisor-franchisee relationship. Journal of European Industrial Training, 12(3), 27-31.
57. Lazear, E. P., & Rosen, S. (1981). Rank-order tournaments as optimum labor contracts. Journal of Political Economy, 89, 841-864.
58. Lumpkin, G., & Dess, G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21, 35-172.
59. Martin, R. (1988). Franchising and risk management. American Economic Review, 78, 954-968.
60. Mescon, T. (1979). Entrepreneurship in the real estate industry: A comparative analysis of independent and franchised brokers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens.
61. Mescon, T., & Montanari, J. (1983). The personalities of independent and franchise entrepreneurs: An empirical analysis of concepts. Journal of Enterprise Management, 3(2), 149-159.
62. Michael, S. (1996). To franchise or not to franchise: An analysis of decision rights and organizational form shares. Journal of Business Venturing, 11, 57-71.
63. Michael, S. (2000). The effect of organizational form on quality: The case of franchising. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 43, 295-318.
64. Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29, 770-791.
65. Mintzberg, H. (1979). The structuring of organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
66. Mintzberg, H. (2004). Managers not MBAs. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
67. Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B., & Lampel, J. (1998). Strategy safari: A guided tour through the wilds of strategic management. New York: Free Press.
68. Noe, R. (1986). Trainees' attributes and attitudes: Neglected influences on training effectiveness. Academy of Management Review, 11, 736-749.
69. Norton, S. (1988). Franchising, brand name capital, and the entrepreneurial capacity problem. Strategic Management Journal, 9, 105-114.
70. O'Reilly, C. A., III, Main, B. G., & Crystal, G. S. (1988). CEO compensation as tournament and social comparison: A tale of two theories. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33, 257-274.
71. Pfeffer, J. (1994). Competitive advantage through people. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
72. Ployhart, R. E. (2006). Staffing in the 21st century: New challenges and strategic opportunities. Journal of Management, 32, 868-897.
73. Rubin, P. (1978). The theory of the firm and the structure of the franchise contract. Journal of Law and Economics, 21, 223-233.
74. Runyan, R., Droge, C., & Swinney, J. (2008). Entrepreneurial orientation versus small business orientation: What are their relationships to firm performance? Journal of Small Business Management, 46(4), 567-588.
75. Salancik, G. R., & Pfeffer, J. (1980). Effects of ownership and performance on executive tenure in U.S. corporations. Academy of Management Journal, 23, 653-664.
76. Sardy, M., & Alon, I. (2007). Exploring the differences between franchisee entrepreneurs and nascent entrepreneurs. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 3, 403-418.
77. Schuler, R. (1992). Strategic human resource management: Linking the people with the strategic needs of the business. Organizational Dynamics, 21(2), 18-32.
78. Schuler, R., & Jackson, S. (1987). Linking competitive strategies with human resource management practices. Academy of Management Executive, 3, 207-219.
79. Scott, F. (1995). Franchising vs. company ownership as a decision variable of the firm. Review of Industrial Organization, 10, 69-81.
80. Shane, S. (1996). Hybrid organizational arrangements and their implications for firm growth and survival: A study of new franchisors. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 216-234.
81. Shane, S. (1998a). Explaining the distribution of franchised and company-owned outlets in franchise systems. Journal of Management, 24, 717-739.
82. Shane, S. (1998b). Making new franchise systems work. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 697-707.
83. Stanworth, J. (1995). The franchise relationship: Entrepreneurship or dependence? In P. Kaufmann & R. Dant (Eds.), Franchising: Contemporary issues and research (pp. 161-176). New York: Haworth.
84. Staw, B. (1981). The escalation of commitment to a course of action. Academy of Management Review, 6, 577-587.
85. Steers, R. (1977). Antecedents and outcomes of organizational commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22, 46-56.
86. Stewart, W., & Roth, P. (2001). Risk propensity differ-ences between entrepreneurs and managers: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 145-153.
87. Stewart, W., Watson, W., Carland, J. C., & Carland, J. W. (1998). A proclivity for entrepreneurship: A comparison of entrepreneurs, small business owners, and corporate managers. Journal of Business Venturing, 14, 189-214.
88. Truss, C. (2004). Who's in the driving seat? Managing human resources in a franchise firm. Human Resource Management, 14(4), 57-75.
89. Watson, A., & Stanworth, J. (2006). Franchising and intellectual capital: A franchisee's perspective. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2, 337-349.
90. Welsh, D. (2002). Franchising: A 21st century perspective. In D. Welsh & I. Alon (Eds.), International franchising in industrialized markets: North America, the Pacific Rim, and other countries (pp. 5-12). Riverwoods, IL: CCH.
91. Welsh, D., & Alon, I. (2001). International franchising in emerging markets: Central and Eastern Europe and South America. Riverwoods, IL: CCH.
92. Wright, P., & McMahan, G. (1992). Theoretical perspectives for strategic human resource management. Journal of Management, 18, 295-320.
93. Wright, P., & Snell, S. (1998). Toward a unifying frame-work for exploring fit and flexibility in strategic human resources management. Academy of Management Review, 23, 756-772.
94. Yin, X., & Zajac, E. (2004). The strategy/governance structure fit relationship: Theory and evidence in franchising arrangements. Strategic Management Journal, 25, 365-383.