Design Principles of Insect and Vertebrate Visual Systems

Neuron

Volumn 66, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 15-36

  Sanes, Joshua R ^a   Zipursky, S Lawrence ^b  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CADHERIN; CELL SURFACE PROTEIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; NERVE CELL ADHESION MOLECULE;

EYE DEVELOPMENT; FLY; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC CONSERVATION; GENICULATE NUCLEUS; INSECT; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; NEUROBIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; OPTIC TECTUM; PHYLOGENY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SUPERIOR COLLICULUS; VERTEBRATE; VISUAL DISCRIMINATION; VISUAL SYSTEM; ANIMAL; CYTOLOGY; EYE; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; PHOTORECEPTOR CELL; PHOTOTRANSDUCTION; PHYSIOLOGY; VISION; VISUAL SYSTEM FUNCTION;

ANIMALS; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; EYE; INSECTS; LIGHT SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; OCULAR PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS, INVERTEBRATE; RETINA; VERTEBRATES; VISION, OCULAR; VISUAL PATHWAYS; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 77951922228     PISSN: 08966273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.01.018     Document Type: Review

References (207)

1. Agathocleous M., Harris W.A. From progenitors to differentiated cells in the vertebrate retina. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 2009, 25:45-69.
2. Andreae L.C., Lumsden A., Gilthorpe J.D. Chick Lrrn2, a novel downstream effector of Hoxb1 and Shh, functions in the selective targeting of rhombomere 4 motor neurons. Neural Dev. 2009, 4:27.
3. Badea T.C., Cahill H., Ecker J., Hattar S., Nathans J. Distinct roles of transcription factors brn3a and brn3b in controlling the development, morphology, and function of retinal ganglion cells. Neuron 2009, 61:852-864.
4. Barlow H.B., Hill R.M., Levick W.R. Retinal ganglion cells responding selectively to direction and speed of image motion in the rabbit. J. Physiol. 1964, 173:377-407.
5. Bazigou E., Apitz H., Johansson J., Lorén C.E., Hirst E.M., Chen P.L., Palmer R.H., Salecker I. Anterograde Jelly belly and Alk receptor tyrosine kinase signaling mediates retinal axon targeting in Drosophila. Cell 2007, 128:961-975.
6. Bodnarenko S.R., Jeyarasasingam G., Chalupa L.M. Development and regulation of dendritic stratification in retinal ganglion cells by glutamate-mediated afferent activity. J. Neurosci. 1995, 15:7037-7045.
7. Borst A. Drosophila's view on insect vision. Curr. Biol. 2009, 19:R36-R47.
8. Braitenberg V. Patterns of projection in the visual system of the fly. I. Retina-lamina projections. Exp. Brain Res. 1967, 3:271-298.
9. Brickley S.G., Dawes E.A., Keating M.J., Grant S. Synchronizing retinal activity in both eyes disrupts binocular map development in the optic tectum. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:1491-1504.
10. Briscoe J., Novitch B.G. Regulatory pathways linking progenitor patterning, cell fates and neurogenesis in the ventral neural tube. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2008, 363:57-70.
11. Cagan R.L., Ready D.F. Notch is required for successive cell decisions in the developing Drosophila retina. Genes Dev. 1989, 3:1099-1112.
12. Cajal S.R. Recollections of My Life 1937, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
13. Cajal S.R., Sanchez D. Contribucion al conocimiento de los centros nerviosos del los insectos. Trab. Lab. Invest. Biol 1915, 13:1-167.
14. Cayouette M., Poggi L., Harris W.A. Lineage in the vertebrate retina. Trends Neurosci. 2006, 29:563-570.
15. Chalupa L.M. Retinal waves are unlikely to instruct the formation of eye-specific retinogeniculate projections. Neural Dev. 2009, 4:25.
16. Chen P.L., Clandinin T.R. The cadherin Flamingo mediates level-dependent interactions that guide photoreceptor target choice in Drosophila. Neuron 2008, 58:26-33.
17. Cheng H.J., Nakamoto M., Bergemann A.D., Flanagan J.G. Complementary gradients in expression and binding of ELF-1 and Mek4 in development of the topographic retinotectal projection map. Cell 1995, 82:371-381.
18. Cheng H., Khanna H., Oh E.C., Hicks D., Mitton K.P., Swaroop A. Photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor NR2E3 functions as a transcriptional activator in rod photoreceptors. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2004, 13:1563-1575.
19. Chou W.H., Hall K.J., Wilson D.B., Wideman C.L., Townson S.M., Chadwell L.V., Britt S.G. Identification of a novel Drosophila opsin reveals specific patterning of the R7 and R8 photoreceptor cells. Neuron 1996, 17:1101-1115.
20. Chou W.H., Huber A., Bentrop J., Schulz S., Schwab K., Chadwell L.V., Paulsen R., Britt S.G. Patterning of the R7 and R8 photoreceptor cells of Drosophila: evidence for induced and default cell-fate specification. Development 1999, 126:607-616.
21. Clandinin T.R., Zipursky S.L. Afferent growth cone interactions control synaptic specificity in the Drosophila visual system. Neuron 2000, 28:427-436.
22. Dacey D.M. Parallel pathways for spectral coding in primate retina. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2000, 23:743-775.
23. Dalla Torre di Sanguinetto S.A., Dasen J.S., Arber S. Transcriptional mechanisms controlling motor neuron diversity and connectivity. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2008, 18:36-43.
24. Demb J.B. Cellular mechanisms for direction selectivity in the retina. Neuron 2007, 55:179-186.
25. De Robertis E., Sasai Y. A common plan for dorsoventral patterning if Bilateria. Nature 1996, 380:37-40.
26. Devries S.H., Baylor D.A. Mosaic arrangement of ganglion cell receptive fields in rabbit retina. J. Neurophysiol. 1997, 78:2048-2060.
27. Doroquez D.B., Rebay I. Signal integration during development: mechanisms of EGFR and Notch pathway function and cross-talk. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2006, 41:339-385.
28. Douglass J.K., Strausfeld N.J. Visual motion detection circuits in flies: peripheral motion computation by identified small-field retinotopic neurons. J. Neurosci. 1995, 15:5596-5611.
29. Douglass J.K., Strausfeld N.J. Visual motion-detection circuits in flies: parallel direction- and non-direction-sensitive pathways between the medulla and lobula plate. J. Neurosci. 1996, 16:4551-4562.
30. Drescher U., Kremoser C., Handwerker C., Löschinger J., Noda M., Bonhoeffer F. In vitro guidance of retinal ganglion cell axons by RAGS, a 25 kDa tectal protein related to ligands for Eph receptor tyrosine kinases. Cell 1995, 82:359-370.
31. Eglen S.J. Development of regular cellular spacing in the retina: theoretical models. Math. Med. Biol. 2006, 23:79-99.
32. Erclik T., Hartenstein V., Lipshitz H.D., McInnes R.R. Conserved role of the Vsx genes supports a monophyletic origin for bilaterian visual systems. Curr. Biol. 2008, 18:1278-1287.
33. Erclik T., Hartenstein V., McInnes R.R., Lipshitz H.D. Eye evolution at high resolution: the neuron as a unit of homology. Dev. Biol. 2009, 332:70-79.
34. Famiglietti E.V., Kolb H. Structural basis for ON-and OFF-center responses in retinal ganglion cells. Science 1976, 194:193-195.
35. Feller M.B. Retinal waves are likely to instruct the formation of eye-specific retinogeniculate projections. Neural Dev. 2009, 4:24.
36. Ferguson K., Long H., Cameron S., Chang W.T., Rao Y. The conserved Ig superfamily member Turtle mediates axonal tiling in Drosophila. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:14151-14159.
37. Fischbach K.F., Dittrich A.P.M. The optic lobe of Drosophila Melanogaster. I. A Golgi analysis of wild-type structure. Cell Tissue Res. 1989, 258:441-475.
38. Fischer A.J., Stanke J.J., Aloisio G., Hoy H., Stell W.K. Heterogeneity of horizontal cells in the chicken retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 2007, 500:1154-1171.
39. Freeman M. Cell determination strategies in the Drosophila eye. Development 1997, 124:261-270.
40. Fryxell K.J., Meyerowitz E.M. An opsin gene that is expressed only in the R7 photoreceptor cell of Drosophila. EMBO J. 1987, 6:443-451.
41. Fuerst P.G., Koizumi A., Masland R.H., Burgess R.W. Neurite arborization and mosaic spacing in the mouse retina require DSCAM. Nature 2008, 451:470-474.
42. Fuerst P.G., Bruce F., Tian M., Wei W., Elstrott J., Feller M.B., Erskine L., Singer J.H., Burgess R.W. DSCAM and DSCAML1 function in self-avoidance in multiple cell types in the developing mouse retina. Neuron 2009, 64:484-497.
43. Galli L., Maffei L. Spontaneous impulse activity of rat retinal ganglion cells in prenatal life. Science 1988, 242:90-91.
44. Gao S., Takemura S.Y., Ting C.Y., Huang S., Lu Z., Luan H., Rister J., Thum A.S., Yang M., Hong S.T., et al. The neural substrate of spectral preference in Drosophila. Neuron 2008, 60:328-342.
45. Gehring W.J. Historical perspective on the development and evolution of eyes and photoreceptors. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 2004, 48:707-717.
46. Gilbert C., Penisten D.K., DeVoe R.D. Discrimination of visual motion from flicker by identified neurons in the medulla of the fleshfly Sarcophaga bullata. J. Comp. Physiol. [A] 1991, 168:653-673.
47. Godinho L., Mumm J.S., Williams P.R., Schroeter E.H., Koerber A., Park S.W., Leach S.D., Wong R.O. Targeting of amacrine cell neurites to appropriate synaptic laminae in the developing zebrafish retina. Development 2005, 132:5069-5079.
48. Gollisch T., Meister M. Eye smarter than scientists believed: neural computations in circuits of the retina. Neuron 2010, 65:150-164.
49. Halder G., Callaerts P., Gehring W.J. Induction of ectopic eyes by targeted expression of the eyeless gene in Drosophila. Science 1995, 267:1788-1792.
50. Harada T., Harada C., Parada L.F. Molecular regulation of visual system development: more than meets the eye. Genes Dev. 2007, 21:367-378.
51. Hardie R.C. Electrophysiological analysis of the fly retina. I: Comparative properties of R1-R6 and R7 and 8. J. Comp. Physiol. 1979, 129:19-33.
52. Hardie R.C. Is histamine a neurotransmitter in insect photoreceptors?. J. Comp. Physiol. [A] 1987, 161:201-213.
53. Hattori D., Millard S.S., Wojtowicz W.M., Zipursky S.L. Dscam-mediated cell recognition regulates neural circuit formation. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 2008, 24:597-620.
54. Haverkamp S., Specht D., Majumdar S., Zaidi N.F., Brandstätter J.H., Wasco W., Wässle H., Tom Dieck S. Type 4 OFF cone bipolar cells of the mouse retina express calsenilin and contact cones as well as rods. J. Comp. Neurol. 2008, 507:1087-1101.
55. Hennig A.K., Peng G.H., Chen S. Regulation of photoreceptor gene expression by Crx-associated transcription factor network. Brain Res. 2008, 1192:114-133.
56. Hofbauer A., Dräger U.C. Depth segregation of retinal ganglion cells projecting to mouse superior colliculus. J. Comp. Neurol. 1985, 234:465-474.
57. Hong W., Zhu H., Potter C.J., Barsh G., Kurusu M., Zinn K., Luo L. Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane proteins instruct discrete dendrite targeting in an olfactory map. Nat. Neurosci. 2009, 12:1542-1550.
58. Hooks B.M., Chen C. Critical periods in the visual system: changing views for a model of experience-dependent plasticity. Neuron 2007, 56:312-326.
59. Huang Z., Kunes S. Hedgehog, transmitted along retinal axons, triggers neurogenesis in the developing visual centers of the Drosophila brain. Cell 1996, 86:411-422.
60. Huang Z., Kunes S. Signals transmitted along retinal axons in Drosophila: Hedgehog signal reception and the cell circuitry of lamina cartridge assembly. Development 1998, 125:3753-3764.
61. Huang Z., Shilo B.Z., Kunes S. A retinal axon fascicle uses spitz, an EGF receptor ligand, to construct a synaptic cartridge in the brain of Drosophila. Cell 1998, 95:693-703.
62. Huberman A.D., Wang G.Y., Liets L.C., Collins O.A., Chapman B., Chalupa L.M. Eye-specific retinogeniculate segregation independent of normal neuronal activity. Science 2003, 300:994-998.
63. Huberman A.D., Feller M.B., Chapman B. Mechanisms underlying development of visual maps and receptive fields. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2008, 31:479-509.
64. Huberman A.D., Wei W., Elstrott J., Stafford B.K., Feller M.B., Barres B.A. Genetic identification of an On-Off direction-selective retinal ganglion cell subtype reveals a layer-specific subcortical map of posterior motion. Neuron 2009, 62:327-334.
65. Huckfeldt R.M., Schubert T., Morgan J.L., Godinho L., Di Cristo G., Huang Z.J., Wong R.O. Transient neurites of retinal horizontal cells exhibit columnar tiling via homotypic interactions. Nat. Neurosci. 2009, 12:35-43.
66. Inoue A., Sanes J.R. Lamina-specific connectivity in the brain: regulation by N-cadherin, neurotrophins, and glycoconjugates. Science 1997, 276:1428-1431.
67. Joesch M., Plett J., Borst A., Reiff D.F. Response properties of motion-sensitive visual interneurons in the lobula plate of Drosophila melanogaster. Curr. Biol. 2008, 18:368-374.
68. Kania A., Jessell T.M. Topographic motor projections in the limb imposed by LIM homeodomain protein regulation of ephrin-A:EphA interactions. Neuron 2003, 38:581-596.
69. Karten H.J., Brecha N. Localization of neuroactive substances in the vertebrate retina: evidence for lamination in the inner plexiform layer. Vision Res. 1983, 23:1197-1205.
70. Katsov A.Y., Clandinin T.R. Motion processing streams in Drosophila are behaviorally specialized. Neuron 2008, 59:322-335.
71. Kauffmann R.C., Li S., Gallagher P.A., Zhang J., Carthew R.W. Ras1 signaling and transcriptional competence in the R7 cell of Drosophila. Genes Dev. 1996, 10:2167-2178.
72. Kay J.N., Roeser T., Mumm J.S., Godinho L., Mrejeru A., Wong R.O., Baier H. Transient requirement for ganglion cells during assembly of retinal synaptic layers. Development 2004, 131:1331-1342.
73. Kerschensteiner D., Morgan J.L., Parker E.D., Lewis R.M., Wong R.O. Neurotransmission selectively regulates synapse formation in parallel circuits in vivo. Nature 2009, 460:1016-1020.
74. Kim I.J., Zhang Y., Yamagata M., Meister M., Sanes J.R. Molecular identification of a retinal cell type that responds to upward motion. Nature 2008, 452:478-482.
75. Kim I.-J., Zhang Y., Meister M., Sanes J.R. Laminar restriction of retinal ganglion cell dendrites and axons: subtype-specific developmental patterns revealed with transgenic markers. J. Neurosci. 2010, 30:1452-1462.
76. Kuffler S.W. Discharge patterns and functional organization of mammalian retina. J. Neurophysiol. 1953, 16:37-68.
77. Kuljis R.O., Karten H.J. Neuroactive peptides as markers of retinal ganglion cell populations that differ in anatomical organization and function. Vis. Neurosci. 1988, 1:73-81.
78. Kurusu M., Cording A., Taniguchi M., Menon K., Suzuki E., Zinn K. A screen of cell-surface molecules identifies leucine-rich repeat proteins as key mediators of synaptic target selection. Neuron 2008, 59:972-985.
79. Lamb T.D. Evolution of vertebrate retinal photoreception. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2009, 364:2911-2924.
80. Lee T., Luo L. Mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker for studies of gene function in neuronal morphogenesis. Neuron 1999, 22:451-461.
81. Lee C.H., Herman T., Clandinin T.R., Lee R., Zipursky S.L. N-cadherin regulates target specificity in the Drosophila visual system. Neuron 2001, 30:437-450.
82. Lee R.C., Clandinin T.R., Lee C.H., Chen P.L., Meinertzhagen I.A., Zipursky S.L. The protocadherin Flamingo is required for axon target selection in the Drosophila visual system. Nat. Neurosci. 2003, 6:557-563.
83. Lefebvre J.L., Zhang Y., Meister M., Wang X., Sanes J.R. gamma-Protocadherins regulate neuronal survival but are dispensable for circuit formation in retina. Development 2008, 135:4141-4151.
84. Li W., DeVries S.H. Bipolar cell pathways for color and luminance vision in a dichromatic mammalian retina. Nat. Neurosci. 2006, 9:669-675.
85. Li Y.N., Matsui J.I., Dowling J.E. Specificity of the horizontal cell-photoreceptor connections in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 2009, 516:442-453.
86. Lin B., Masland R.H. Populations of wide-field amacrine cells in the mouse retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 2006, 499:797-809.
87. Löschinger J., Weth F., Bonhoeffer F. Reading of concentration gradients by axonal growth cones. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2000, 355:971-982.
88. Luo L., Callaway E.M., Svoboda K. Genetic dissection of neural circuits. Neuron 2008, 57:634-660.
89. MacNeil M.A., Masland R.H. Extreme diversity among amacrine cells: implications for function. Neuron 1998, 20:971-982.
90. MacNeil M.A., Heussy J.K., Dacheux R.F., Raviola E., Masland R.H. The shapes and numbers of amacrine cells: matching of photofilled with Golgi-stained cells in the rabbit retina and comparison with other mammalian species. J. Comp. Neurol. 1999, 413:305-326.
91. Maffei L., Galli-Resta L. Correlation in the discharges of neighboring rat retinal ganglion cells during prenatal life. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1990, 87:2861-2864.
92. Masland R.H. The fundamental plan of the retina. Nat. Neurosci. 2001, 4:877-886.
93. Mazzoni E.O., Celik A., Wernet M.F., Vasiliauskas D., Johnston R.J., Cook T.A., Pichaud F., Desplan C. Iroquois complex genes induce co-expression of rhodopsins in Drosophila. PLoS Biology 2008, 6:825-835.
94. McLaughlin T., O'Leary D.D. Molecular gradients and development of retinotopic maps. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2005, 28:327-355.
95. Mears A.J., Kondo M., Swain P.K., Takada Y., Bush R.A., Saunders T.L., Sieving P.A., Swaroop A. Nrl is required for rod photoreceptor development. Nat. Genet. 2001, 29:447-452.
96. Meinertzhagen I.A. The synaptic populations of the fly's optic neuropil and their dynamic regulation: Parallels with the vertebrate retina. Prog. Retinal Res. 1993, 12:13-39.
97. Meinertzhagen I.A., Hanson T.E. The development of the optic lobe. The Development of Drosophila Melanogaster 1993, 1363-1941. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY. M. Bate, A. Martinez-Arias (Eds.).
98. Meinertzhagen I.A., O'Neil S.D. Synaptic organization of columnar elements in the lamina of the wild type in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Comp. Neurol. 1991, 305:232-263.
99. Meister M., Wong R.O., Baylor D.A., Shatz C.J. Synchronous bursts of action potentials in ganglion cells of the developing mammalian retina. Science 1991, 252:939-943.
100. Millard S.S., Flanagan J.J., Pappu K.S., Wu W., Zipursky S.L. Dscam2 mediates axonal tiling in the Drosophila visual system. Nature 2007, 447:720-724.
101. Miller A.C., Seymour H., King C., Herman T.G. Loss of seven-up from Drosophila R1/R6 photoreceptors reveals a stochastic fate choice that is normally biased by Notch. Development 2008, 135:707-715.
102. Miskevich F., Zhu Y., Ranscht B., Sanes J.R. Expression of multiple cadherins and catenins in the chick optic tectum. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 1998, 12:240-255.
103. Montell C., Jones K., Zuker C., Rubin G. A second opsin gene expressed in the ultraviolet-sensitive R7 photoreceptor cells of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Neurosci. 1987, 7:1558-1566.
104. Morante J., Desplan C. The color-vision circuit in the medulla of Drosophila. Curr. Biol. 2008, 18:553-565.
105. Morante J., Desplan C., Celik A. Generating patterned arrays of photoreceptors. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 2007, 17:314-319.
106. Morey M., Yee S.K., Herman T., Nern A., Blanco E., Zipursky S.L. Coordinate control of synaptic-layer specificity and rhodopsins in photoreceptor neurons. Nature 2008, 456:795-799.
107. Morgan J.L., Dhingra A., Vardi N., Wong R.O. Axons and dendrites originate from neuroepithelial-like processes of retinal bipolar cells. Nat. Neurosci. 2006, 9:85-92.
108. Mumm J.S., Williams P.R., Godinho L., Koerber A., Pittman A.J., Roeser T., Chien C.B., Baier H., Wong R.O. In vivo imaging reveals dendritic targeting of laminated afferents by zebrafish retinal ganglion cells. Neuron 2006, 52:609-621.
109. Nagaraj R., Banerjee U. The little R cell that could. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 2004, 48:755-760.
110. Nassi J.J., Callaway E.M. Parallel processing strategies of the primate visual system. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2009, 10:360-372.
111. Nathans J., Davenport C.M., Maumenee I.H., Lewis R.A., Hejtmancik J.F., Litt M., Lovrien E., Weleber R., Bachynski B., Zwas F., et al. Molecular genetics of human blue cone monochromacy. Science 1989, 245:831-838.
112. Nelson R., Famiglietti E.V., Kolb H. Intracellular staining reveals different levels of stratification for on- and off-center ganglion cells in cat retina. J. Neurophysiol. 1978, 41:472-483.
113. Nern A., Zhu Y., Zipursky S.L. Local N-cadherin interactions mediate distinct steps in the targeting of lamina neurons. Neuron 2008, 58:34-41.
114. Nikolaev A., Zheng L., Wardill T.J., O'Kane C.J., de Polavieja G.G., Juusola M. Network adaptation improves temporal representation of naturalistic stimuli in Drosophila eye: II mechanisms. PLoS ONE 2009, 4:e4306.
115. Nishiguchi K.M., Friedman J.S., Sandberg M.A., Swaroop A., Berson E.L., Dryja T.P. Recessive NRL mutations in patients with clumped pigmentary retinal degeneration and relative preservation of blue cone function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101:17819-17824.
116. Novelli E., Resta V., Galli-Resta L. Mechanisms controlling the formation of retinal mosaics. Prog. Brain Res. 2005, 147:141-153.
117. O'Tousa J.E., Baehr W., Martin R.L., Hirsh J., Pak W.L., Applebury M.L. The Drosophila ninaE gene encodes an opsin. Cell 1985, 40:839-850.
118. Oh E.C., Khan N., Novelli E., Khanna H., Strettoi E., Swaroop A. Transformation of cone precursors to functional rod photoreceptors by bZIP transcription factor NRL. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007, 104:1679-1684.
119. Ohsawa R., Kageyama R. Regulation of retinal cell fate specification by multiple transcription factors. Brain Res. 2008, 1192:90-98.
120. Onishi A., Peng G.H., Hsu C., Alexis U., Chen S., Blackshaw S. Pias3-dependent SUMOylation directs rod photoreceptor development. Neuron 2009, 61:234-246.
121. Otsuna H., Ito K. Systematic analysis of the visual projection neurons of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Lobula-specific pathways. J. Comp. Neurol. 2006, 497:928-958.
122. Oyster C.W., Barlow H.B. Direction-selective units in rabbit retina: distribution of preferred directions. Science 1967, 155:841-842.
123. Pang J.J., Gao F., Lem J., Bramblett D.E., Paul D.L., Wu S.M. Direct rod input to cone BCs and direct cone input to rod BCs challenge the traditional view of mammalian BC circuitry. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2010, 107:395-400.
124. Papatsenko D., Sheng G., Desplan C. A new rhodopsin in R8 photoreceptors of Drosophila: evidence for coordinate expression with Rh3 in R7 cells. Development 1997, 124:1665-1673.
125. Pasquale E.B. Eph-ephrin bidirectional signaling in physiology and disease. Cell 2008, 133:38-52.
126. Peng G.H., Ahmad O., Ahmad F., Liu J., Chen S. The photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor Nr2e3 interacts with Crx and exerts opposing effects on the transcription of rod versus cone genes. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2005, 14:747-764.
127. Penn A.A., Riquelme P.A., Feller M.B., Shatz C.J. Competition in retinogeniculate patterning driven by spontaneous activity. Science 1998, 279:2108-2112.
128. Péquignot M.O., Provost A.C., Sallé S., Taupin P., Sainton K.M., Marchant D., Martinou J.C., Ameisen J.C., Jais J.P., Abitbol M. Major role of BAX in apoptosis during retinal development and in establishment of a functional postnatal retina. Dev. Dyn. 2003, 228:231-238.
129. Petrovic M., Hummel T. Temporal identity in axonal target layer recognition. Nature 2008, 456:800-803.
130. Pichaud F., Desplan C. Pax genes and eye organogenesis. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 2002, 12:430-434.
131. Poeck B., Fischer S., Gunning D., Zipursky S.L., Salecker I. Glial cells mediate target layer selection of retinal axons in the developing visual system of Drosophila. Neuron 2001, 29:99-113.
132. Prakash S., Caldwell J.C., Eberl D.F., Clandinin T.R. Drosophila N-cadherin mediates an attractive interaction between photoreceptor axons and their targets. Nat. Neurosci. 2005, 8:443-450.
133. Quiring R., Walldorf U., Kloter U., Gehring W.J. Homology of the eyeless gene of Drosophila to the Small eye gene in mice and Aniridia in humans. Science 1994, 265:785-789.
134. Raghu S.V., Joesch M., Borst A., Reiff D.F. Synaptic organization of lobula plate tangential cells in Drosophila: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors and chemical release sites. J. Comp. Neurol. 2007, 502:598-610.
135. Raghu S.V., Joesch M., Sigrist S.J., Borst A., Reiff D.F. Synaptic organization of lobula plate tangential cells in Drosophila: Dalpha7 cholinergic receptors. J. Neurogenet. 2009, 23:200-209.
136. Rakic P. Prenatal genesis of connections subserving ocular dominance in the rhesus monkey. Nature 1976, 261:467-471.
137. Raven M.A., Eglen S.J., Ohab J.J., Reese B.E. Determinants of the exclusion zone in dopaminergic amacrine cell mosaics. J. Comp. Neurol. 2003, 461:123-136.
138. Ready D.F., Hanson T.E., Benzer S. Development of the Drosophila retina, a neurocrystalline lattice. Dev. Biol. 1976, 53:217-240.
139. Reese B.E., Raven M.A., Giannotti K.A., Johnson P.T. Development of cholinergic amacrine cell stratification in the ferret retina and the effects of early excitotoxic ablation. Vis. Neurosci. 2001, 18:559-570.
140. Reinke R., Zipursky S.L. Cell-cell interaction in the Drosophila retina: the bride of sevenless gene is required in photoreceptor cell R8 for R7 cell development. Cell 1988, 55:321-330.
141. Resta V., Novelli E., Di Virgilio F., Galli-Resta L. Neuronal death induced by endogenous extracellular ATP in retinal cholinergic neuron density control. Development 2005, 132:2873-2882.
142. Rister J., Pauls D., Schnell B., Ting C.Y., Lee C.H., Sinakevitch I., Morante J., Strausfeld N.J., Ito K., Heisenberg M. Dissection of the peripheral motion channel in the visual system of Drosophila melanogaster. Neuron 2007, 56:155-170.
143. Roberts M.R., Srinivas M., Forrest D., Morreale de Escobar G., Reh T.A. Making the gradient: thyroid hormone regulates cone opsin expression in the developing mouse retina. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103:6218-6223.
144. Rockhill R.L., Euler T., Masland R.H. Spatial order within but not between types of retinal neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97:2303-2307.
145. Roska B., Werblin F. Vertical interactions across ten parallel, stacked representations in the mammalian retina. Nature 2001, 410:583-587.
146. Sachs G.M., Schneider G.E. The morphology of optic tract axons arborizing in the superior colliculus of the hamster. J. Comp. Neurol. 1984, 230:155-167.
147. Sanes J.R., Yamagata M. Many paths to synaptic specificity. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 2009, 25:161-195.
148. Sarthy P.V. Histamine: a neurotransmitter candidate for Drosophila photoreceptors. J. Neurochem. 1991, 57:1757-1768.
149. Sato M., Umetsu D., Murakami S., Yasugi T., Tabata T. DWnt4 regulates the dorsoventral specificity of retinal projections in the Drosophila melanogaster visual system. Nat. Neurosci. 2006, 9:67-75.
150. Schroeter E.H., Wong R.O., Gregg R.G. In vivo development of retinal ON-bipolar cell axonal terminals visualized in nyx:MYFP transgenic zebrafish. Vis. Neurosci. 2006, 23:833-843.
151. Shapiro L., Love J., Colman D.R. Adhesion molecules in the nervous system: structural insights into function and diversity. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2007, 30:451-474.
152. Shatz C.J. Emergence of order in visual system development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1996, 93:602-608.
153. Shinza-Kameda M., Takasu E., Sakurai K., Hayashi S., Nose A. Regulation of layer-specific targeting by reciprocal expression of a cell adhesion molecule, capricious. Neuron 2006, 49:205-213.
154. Siegert S., Scherf B.G., Del Punta K., Didkovsky N., Heintz N., Roska B. Genetic address book for retinal cell types. Nat. Neurosci. 2009, 12:1197-1204.
155. Slaughter M.M., Miller R.F. 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: a new pharmacological tool for retina research. Science 1981, 211:182-185.
156. Soucy E., Wang Y., Nirenberg S., Nathans J., Meister M. A novel signaling pathway from rod photoreceptors to ganglion cells in mammalian retina. Neuron 1998, 21:481-493.
157. Sperry R.W. Chemoaffinity in the orderly growth of nerve fiber patterns and connections. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1963, 50:703-710.
158. Sretavan D.W., Shatz C.J., Stryker M.P. Modification of retinal ganglion cell axon morphology by prenatal infusion of tetrodotoxin. Nature 1988, 336:468-471.
159. Stacy R.C., Wong R.O. Developmental relationship between cholinergic amacrine cell processes and ganglion cell dendrites of the mouse retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 2003, 456:154-166.
160. Steinberg M.S. Differential adhesion in morphogenesis: a modern view. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 2007, 17:281-286.
161. Strausfeld N.J., Okamura J.Y. Visual system of calliphorid flies: organization of optic glomeruli and their lobula complex efferents. J. Comp. Neurol. 2007, 500:166-188.
162. Sun C., Warland D.K., Ballesteros J.M., van der List D., Chalupa L.M. Retinal waves in mice lacking the beta2 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105:13638-13643.
163. Szmajda B.A., Grünert U., Martin P.R. Retinal ganglion cell inputs to the koniocellular pathway. J. Comp. Neurol. 2008, 510:251-268.
164. Takeichi M. The cadherin superfamily in neuronal connections and interactions. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2007, 8:11-20.
165. Takemura S.Y., Lu Z., Meinertzhagen I.A. Synaptic circuits of the Drosophila optic lobe: the input terminals to the medulla. J. Comp. Neurol. 2008, 509:493-513.
166. Tanabe K., Takahashi Y., Sato Y., Kawakami K., Takeichi M., Nakagawa S. Cadherin is required for dendritic morphogenesis and synaptic terminal organization of retinal horizontal cells. Development 2006, 133:4085-4096.
167. Tian N., Copenhagen D.R. Visual deprivation alters development of synaptic function in inner retina after eye opening. Neuron 2001, 32:439-449.
168. Tian N., Copenhagen D.R. Visual stimulation is required for refinement of ON and OFF pathways in postnatal retina. Neuron 2003, 39:85-96.
169. Ting C.Y., Yonekura S., Chung P., Hsu S.N., Robertson H.M., Chiba A., Lee C.H. Drosophila N-cadherin functions in the first stage of the two-stage layer-selection process of R7 photoreceptor afferents. Development 2005, 132:953-963.
170. Ting C.Y., Herman T., Yonekura S., Gao S., Wang J., Serpe M., O'Connor M.B., Zipursky S.L., Lee C.H. Tiling of r7 axons in the Drosophila visual system is mediated both by transduction of an activin signal to the nucleus and by mutual repulsion. Neuron 2007, 56:793-806.
171. Tomasi T., Hakeda-Suzuki S., Ohler S., Schleiffer A., Suzuki T. The transmembrane protein Golden goal regulates R8 photoreceptor axon-axon and axon-target interactions. Neuron 2008, 57:691-704.
172. Trujillo-Cenóz O. Some aspects of the structural organization of the intermediate retina of dipterans. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 1965, 13:1-33.
173. Umetsu D., Murakami S., Sato M., Tabata T. The highly ordered assembly of retinal axons and their synaptic partners is regulated by Hedgehog/Single-minded in the Drosophila visual system. Development 2006, 133:791-800.
174. Van Essen D.C., Anderson C.H., Felleman D.J. Information processing in the primate visual system: an integrated systems perspective. Science 1992, 255:419-423.
175. Vigier P. Mcanisme de la synthse des impressions lumineuses recuillies par les yeux compos des Diptres. C.R. Acad. Sci 1909, 148:1221-1223.
176. Voinescu P., Emanuela P., Kay J.N., Sanes J.R. Birthdays of retinal amacrine cell subtypes are systematically related to their molecular identity and soma position. J. Comp. Neurol. 2009, 517:737-750.
177. Völgyi B., Chheda S., Bloomfield S.A. Tracer coupling patterns of the ganglion cell subtypes in the mouse retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 2009, 512:664-687.
178. Wahlin K.J., Moreira E.F., Huang H., Yu N., Adler R. Molecular dynamics of photoreceptor synapse formation in the developing chick retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 2008, 506:822-837.
179. Waid D.K., McLoon S.C. Ganglion cells influence the fate of dividing retinal cells in culture. Development 1998, 125:1059-1066.
180. Wang Y., Macke J.P., Merbs S.L., Zack D.J., Klaunberg B., Bennett J., Gearhart J., Nathans J. A locus control region adjacent to the human red and green visual pigment genes. Neuron 1992, 9:429-440.
181. Wässle H. Parallel processing in the mammalian retina. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2004, 5:747-757.
182. Wässle H. Decomposing a cone's output (Parallel processing). The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference, R.H.M.a 2008, 313-339. Elsevier, Amsterdam. T.D. Albright (Ed.).
183. Wässle H., Riemann H.J. The mosaic of nerve cells in the mammalian retina. Proc. R Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 1978, 200:441-461.
184. Wässle H., Puller C., Müller F., Haverkamp S. Cone contacts, mosaics, and territories of bipolar cells in the mouse retina. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:106-117.
185. Werblin F.S., Dowling J.E. Organization of the retina of the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus. II. Intracellular recording. J. Neurophysiol. 1969, 32:339-355.
186. Wernet M.N., Labhart T., Baumann F., Mazzoni E.O., Pichaud F., Desplan C. Homothorax switches function of Drosophila photoreceptors from color to polarized light sensors. Cell 2003, 115:267-279.
187. Wernet M.F., Mazzoni E.O., Celik A., Duncan D.M., Duncan I., Desplan C. Stochastic spineless expression creates the retinal mosaic for colour vision. Nature 2006, 440:174-180.
188. Wiederman S.D., Shoemaker P.A., O'Carroll D.C. A model for the detection of moving targets in visual clutter inspired by insect physiology. PLoS ONE 2008, 3:e2784.
189. Wöhrn J.C., Puelles L., Nakagawa S., Takeichi M., Redies C. Cadherin expression in the retina and retinofugal pathways of the chicken embryo. J. Comp. Neurol. 1998, 396:20-38.
190. Xiao T., Baier H. Lamina-specific axonal projections in the zebrafish tectum require the type IV collagen Dragnet. Nat. Neurosci. 2007, 10:1529-1537.
191. Xie B., Charlton-Perkins M., McDonald E., Gebelein B., Cook T. Senseless functions as a molecular switch for color photoreceptor differentiation in Drosophila. Development 2007, 134:4243-4253.
192. Xu H.P., Tian N. Retinal ganglion cell dendrites undergo a visual activity-dependent redistribution after eye opening. J. Comp. Neurol. 2007, 503:244-259.
193. Yamagata M., Sanes J.R. Target-independent diversification and target-specific projection of chemically defined retinal ganglion cell subsets. Development 1995, 121:3763-3776.
194. Yamagata M., Sanes J.R. Versican in the developing brain: lamina-specific expression in interneuronal subsets and role in presynaptic maturation. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25:8457-8467.
195. Yamagata M., Sanes J.R. Dscam and Sidekick proteins direct lamina-specific synaptic connections in vertebrate retina. Nature 2008, 451:465-469.
196. Yamagata M., Sanes J.R. Synaptic localization and function of Sidekick recognition molecules require MAGI scaffolding proteins. J. Neurosci. 2010, 30:3579-3588.
197. Yamagata M., Weiner J.A., Sanes J.R. Sidekicks: synaptic adhesion molecules that promote lamina-specific connectivity in the retina. Cell 2002, 110:649-660.
198. Yamagata M., Weiner J.A., Dulac C., Roth K.A., Sanes J.R. Labeled lines in the retinotectal system: markers for retinorecipient sublaminae and the retinal ganglion cell subsets that innervate them. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 2006, 33:296-310.
199. Yamaguchi S., Wolf R., Desplan C., Heisenberg M. Motion vision is independent of color in Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105:4910-4915.
200. Yates P.A., Holub A.D., McLaughlin T., Sejnowski T.J., O'Leary D.D. Computational modeling of retinotopic map development to define contributions of EphA-ephrinA gradients, axon-axon interactions, and patterned activity. J. Neurobiol. 2004, 59:95-113.
201. Yonehara K., Ishikane H., Sakuta H., Shintani T., Nakamura-Yonehara K., Kamiji N.L., Usui S., Noda M. Identification of retinal ganglion cells and their projections involved in central transmission of information about upward and downward image motion. PLoS ONE 2009, 4:e4320.
202. Zheng L., Nikolaev A., Wardill T.J., O'Kane C.J., de Polavieja G.G., Juusola M. Network adaptation improves temporal representation of naturalistic stimuli in Drosophila eye: I dynamics. PLoS ONE 2009, 4:e4307.
203. Zhou Z.J., Lee S. Synaptic physiology of direction selectivity in the retina. J. Physiol. 2008, 586:4371-4376.
204. Zhu Y., Nern A., Zipursky S.L., Frye M.A. Peripheral visual circuits functionally segregate motion and phototaxis behaviors in the fly. Curr. Biol. 2009, 19:613-619.
205. Zipursky S.L., Rubin G.M. Determination of neuronal cell fate: lessons from the R7 neuron of Drosophila. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 1994, 17:373-397.
206. Zuker C.S., Cowman A.F., Rubin G.M. Isolation and structure of a rhodopsin gene from D. melanogaster. Cell 1985, 40:851-858.
207. Zuker C.S., Montell C., Jones K., Laverty T., Rubin G.M. A rhodopsin gene expressed in photoreceptor cell R7 of the Drosophila eye: homologies with other signal-transducing molecules. J. Neurosci. 1987, 7:1550-1557.