Electrochemical analysis of conducting polymer thin films

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 1956-1972

  Vyas, Ritesh N ^a   Wang, Bin ^a  

^a Lamar University   (United States)

Author keywords

Cyclic voltammetry; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Layer by layer deposition; Modified randle's circuit; Poly(p phenylene vinylene)

Indexed keywords

POLY(4 PHENYLENE VINYLENE); POLYELECTROLYTE; POLYMER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADSORPTION; ARTICLE; ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYCLIC POTENTIOMETRY; DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT; ELECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; FILM; ION CONDUCTANCE; LIQUID; POLYMERIZATION; SOLID; STATIC ELECTRICITY; SURFACE PROPERTY; TEMPERATURE; THICKNESS;

CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; LAYER-BY-LAYER DEPOSITION; MODIFIED RANDLE'S CIRCUIT; POLY(P-PHENYLENE VINYLENE);

ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES; ELECTRODES; ELECTROLYTES; MICROSCOPY, ATOMIC FORCE; OXIDATION-REDUCTION; POLYMERS; POLYVINYLS;

EID: 77951882918     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14220067     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijms11041956     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Bard, A.J.; Faulkner, L.R. Electrochemical Methods; Wiley: New York, NY, USA, 2000; Chapter 14.
2. Lyons, M.E.G. Electroactive Polymer Electrochemistry, Part I: Fundamentals; Plenum Press: New York, NY, USA, 1994; Chapter 1.
3. Decher, G.; Hong, J.D.; Schmitt, J. Buildup of Ultrathin Multilayer Films by a Self-Assembly Process: III. Consecutively Alternating Adsorption of Anionic and Cationic Polyelectrolytes on Charged Surfaces. Thin Solid Films 1992, 210, 831-835.
4. Lvov, Y.; Decher, G.; Mohwald, H. Assembly, Structural Characterization, and Thermal Behavior of Layer-by-Layer Deposited Ultrathin Films of Poly(vinyl sulfate) and Poly(allylamine). Langmuir 1993, 9, 481-486.
5. Fery, A.; Schöler, B.; Cassagneau, T.; Caruso, F. Nanoporous Thin Films Formed by Salt-Induced Structural Changes in Multilayers of Poly(acrylic acid) and Poly(allylamine). Langmuir 2001, 17, 3779-3783.
6. Dubas, S.T.; Schlenoff, J.B. Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Containing a Weak Polyacid: Construction and Deconstruction. Macromolecules 2001, 34, 3736-3740.
7. Kovacevic, D.; van der Burgh, S.; de Keizer, A.; Cohen Stuart, M.A. Kinetics of Formation and Dissolution of Weak Polyelectrolyte Multilayers: Role of Salt and Free Polyions. Langmuir 2002, 18, 5607-5612.
8. McAloney, R.A.; Dudnik, V.; Goh, M.C. Kinetics of Salt-Induced Annealing of a Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Film Morphology. Langmuir 2003, 19, 3947-3952.
9. Izumrudov, V.; Sukhishvili, S.A. Ionization-Controlled Stability of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers in Salt Solutions. Langmuir 2003, 19, 5188-5191.
10. Sui, Z.; Schlenoff, J.B. Phase Separations in pH-Responsive Polyelectrolyte Multilayers: Charge Extrusion versus Charge Expulsion. Langmuir 2004, 7, 6026-6031.
11. Morgan, S.E.; Jones, P.; Lamont, A.S.; Heidenreich, A.; McCormick, C.L. Layer-by-Layer Assembly of pH-Responsive, Compositionally Controlled (Co)polyelectrolytes Synthesized via RAFT. Langmuir 2007, 23, 230-240.
12. Sun, J.; Wu, T.; Sun, Y.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, X.; Shen, J.; Cao, W. Fabrication of a Covalently Attached Multilayer via Photolysis of Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Films Containing Diazo-Resins. Chem. Commun. 1998, 17, 1853-1854.
13. Sun, J.; Wu, T.; Liu, F.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, X.; Shen, J. Covalently Attached Multilayer Assemblies by Sequential Adsorption of Polycationic Diazo-Resins and Polyanionic Poly(acrylic acid). Langmuir 2000, 16, 4620-4624.
14. Shi, F.; Dong, B.; Qiu, D.; Sun, J.; Wu, T.; Zhang, X. Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Reactive Polyelectrolytes for Robust Multilayer Patterning. Adv. Mater. 2002, 14, 805-809.
15. Vuillaume, P.Y.; Joans, A.M.; Laschewsky, A. Ordered Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. 5. Photo-Cross-Linking of Hybrid Films Containing an Unsaturated and Hydrophobized Poly(diallylammonium) Salt and Exfoliated Clay. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 5004-5012.
16. Park, M.K.; Deng, S.; Advincula, R.C. pH-Sensitive Bipolar Ion-Permselective Ultrathin Films. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 13723-13731.
17. Olugebefola, S.C.; Ryu, S.W.; Nolte, A.J.; Rubner, M.F.; Mayes, A.M. Photo-cross-linkable Polyelectrolyte Multilayers for 2-D and 3-D Patterning. Langmuir 2006, 22, 5958-5962.
18. Harris, J.J.; DeRose, P.M.; Bruening, M.L. Synthesis of Passivating, Nylon-Like Coatings through Cross-Linking of Ultrathin Polyelectrolyte Films. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1978-1979.
19. Yang, S.Y.; Rubner, M.F. Micropatterning of Polymer Thin Films with pH-Sensitive and Cross-linkable Hydrogen-Bonded Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2100-2101.
20. Welsh, E.R.; Schauer, C.L.; Santos, J.P.; Price, R.R. In Situ Cross-Linking of Alternating Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films. Langmuir 2004, 20, 1807-1811.
21. Richert, L.; Boulmedais, F.; Lavalle, P.; Mutterer, J.; Ferreux, E.; Decher, G.; Schaaf, P.; Voegel, J.C.; Picart, C. Improvement of Stability and Cell Adhesion Properties of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films by Chemical Cross-Linking. Biomacromolecules 2004, 5, 284-294.
22. Niu, J.; Shi, F.; Liu, Z.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, X. Reversible Disulfide Cross-Linking in Layer-by-Layer Films: Preassembly Enhanced Loading and pH/Reductant Dually Controllable Release. Langmuir 2007, 23, 6377-6384.
23. Jang, S.Y.; Sotzing, G.A.; Marquez, M. Intrinsically Conducting Polymer Networks of Poly(thiophene) via Solid-State Oxidative Cross-Linking of a Poly(norbornylene) Containing Terthiophene Moieties. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 7293-7300.
24. Jang, S.Y.; Sotzing, G.A.; Marquez, M. Poly(thiophene)s Prepared via Electrochemical Solid-State Oxidative Cross-Linking. A Comparative Study. Macromolecules 2004, 37, 4351-4359.
25. Kim, Y.S.; Liao, K.S.; Jan, C.J.; Bergbreiter, D.E.; Grunlan, J.C. Conductive Thin Films on Functionalized Polyethylene Particles. Chem. Mater. 2006, 18, 2997-3004.
26. Friend, R.H.; Gymer, R.W.; Holmes, A.B.; Burroughes, J.H.; Marks, R.N.; Taliani, C.; Bradley, D.D.C.; Dos Santos, D.A.; Brédas, J.L.; Lögdlund, M.; Salaneck, W.R. Electroluminescence in Conjugated Polymers. Nature 1999, 397, 121-128.
27. Brabec, C.J.; Sariciftci, N.S.; Hummelen, J.C. Plastic Solar Cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2001, 11, 15-26.
28. McGehee, M.D.; Heeger, A.J. Semiconducting (Conjugated) Polymers as Materials for Solid-State Lasers. Adv. Mater. 2000, 12, 1655-1668.
29. Fou, A.C.; Onitsuka, O.; Ferreira, M.; Rubner, M.F.; Hsieh, B.R. Fabrication and Properties of Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Self-Assembled Multilayers of Poly(phenylene vinylene). J. Appl. Phys. 1996, 79, 7501-7509.
30. Onitsuka, O.; Fou, A.C.; Ferreira, M.; Hsieh, B.R.; Rubner, M.F. Enhancement of Light Emitting Diodes Based on Self-Assembled Heterostructures of Poly(p-phenylene vinylene). J. Appl. Phys. 1996, 80, 4067-4071.
31. Nelson, C.B.; Vyas, R.N.; Mou, Y.; Li, K.; Rabalais, J.W.; Irwin, G.M.; Wang, B. Doping Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) with Phosphomolybdate through Layer-by-Layer Fabrication for Optoelectronic Applications. J. Appl. Phys. 2007, 102, 094309:1-094309:6.
32. Brabec, C.J.; Cravino, A.; Zerza, G.; Padinger, F.; Sariciftci, N.S.; Kiebooms, R.; Vanderzande, D.; Hummelen, J.C. Investigation of Photoinduced Charge Transfer in Composites of a Novel Precursor PPV Polymer and Fullerenes. Mater. Res. Soc. Sympo. Proc. 1999, 598, BB3.25.
33. Bradley, D.D.C. Precursor-Route Poly(p-phenylenevinylene): Polymer Characterisation and Control of Electronic Properties. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 1987, 20, 1389-1410.
34. Wang, B.; Vyas, R.N.; Shaik, S. Preparation Parameter Development for Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Keggin-type Polyoxometalates. Langmuir 2007, 23, 11120-11126.
35. Bockris, J.O'M.; Conway, B.E.; White, R.E. Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry No 14; Plenum Press: New York, NY, USA, 1982; Chapter 2.
36. Barsoukov, E.; Macdonald, J.R. Impedance Spectroscopy: Theory, Experiment and Applications; John Wiley and Sons: New York, NY, USA, 2005; Chapter 1.
37. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Theory: A Primer. Gamry: Warminster, PA, USA. Available at: http://www.gamry.com/App_Notes/EIS_Primer/EIS_Primer.htm#About_The_EIS_Primer (Accessed on 5 April 2010).
38. Wallace, G.G.; Spinks, G.M.; Kane-Maguire, L.A.P.; Teasdale, P.R. Conductive Electroactive Polymers; CRC Press: Florida, USA, 2003; Chapter 1.
39. Wise D.L.; Wnek, G.E.; Trantolo, D.J.; Cooper, T.M.; Gresser, J.D. Electrical and Optical Polymer Systems; CRC Press: Coral Gables, FL, USA, 1998; Chapter 4.
40. Deslouis, C.; Musiani, M.M.; Tribollet, B. Free-Standing Membranes for the Study of Electrochemical Reactions Occurring at Conducting Polymer/Electrolyte Interfaces. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 8994-8999.
41. 4- at Polyaniline Film Electrodes. An Impedance Study. Synth. Met. 1997, 60, 269-278.
42. 63-/4- and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Electrochim. Acta 2002, 47, 2245-2251.
43. Jasinski, P.; Petrovsky, V.; Suzuki, T.; Anderson, H.U. Impedance Studies of Diffusion Phenomena and Ionic and Electronic Conductivity of Cerium Oxide. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2005, 152, J27-J32.
44. Wang, B.; Vyas, R.N. Ion Transfer in Layer-by-Layer Films. Polymer Thin Films (IN-TECH) 2010, in press.
45. Barreira, S.V.P.; García-Morales, V.; Pereira, C.M.; Manzanares, J.A.; Silva, F. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Modified Electrodes. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 17973-17982.
46. Silva, H.; Morales, G.V.; Moura, C.; Manzanares, A.; Silva, F. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Modified Gold Electrodes: Influence of Supporting Electrolyte and Temperature. Langmuir 2005, 21, 7461-7467.
47. Durstock, M.F.; Rubner, M.F. Dielectric Properties of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. Langmuir 2001, 17, 7865-7872.
48. Vyas, R.N.; Wang, B. Impedance Change Induced by Varying Polymerization Temperature of Conducting Polymer Thin Films. Electrochem. Commun. 2008, 10, 416-419.
49. Wéry, J.; Dulieu, B.; Baitoul, M.; Paniez, P.; Froyer, G.; Lefrant, S. Thermal Conversion of PPV Precursor: Characterization at Different Stages of the Process. Synth. Metals 1999, 101, 194-195.
50. Coronado, E.; Gómez-Garcia, C.J. Polyoxometalate-Based Molecular Materials. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 273-296.