Preclinical studies with IRX-2 and thymosin α1 in combination therapy

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 1194, Issue , 2010, Pages 162-168

  Naylor, Paul H ^a   Hadden, John W ^a  

^a IRX Therapeutics Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

IRX 2; IRX 3; Thymosin

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; HYDROCORTISONE; INTERLEUKIN 2; IRX 2; IRX 3; THYMOSIN ALPHA1; THYMOSIN ALPHA1 PLUS INTERLEUKIN 2; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG POTENTIATION; DRUG SCREENING; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; LEWIS CARCINOMA; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; LYMPHOCYTOPENIA; MALE; MONOTHERAPY; MOUSE; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NONHUMAN; ORGAN SIZE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPLEEN CELL; SPLEEN WEIGHT; T LYMPHOCYTE; TARGET CELL; THYMOCYTE; THYMUS; TREATMENT DURATION; TUMOR VOLUME;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 77951834543     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: 17496632     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05475.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (25)

1. McIntire, K.R., S. Sell & J.F. Miller. 1964. Pathogenesis of the post-neonatal thymectomy wasting syndrome. Nature 204: 151-163.
2. Ribatti, D. 2006. The fundamental contribution of Robert A. Good to the discovery of the crucial role of thymus in mammalian immunity. Immunology 119: 291-298.
3. Hadden, J.W. 1996. Thymic endocrinology and prospect for treating thymic involution. In Immunopharmacology Reviews, Vol.II. J.W. Hadden & A. Szentivanyl, Eds.: 353-375. Plenum Press. New York.
4. Hadden, J.W. 1998. Thymic endocrinology Neuroimmunomudulation: Molecular aspects, integrative systems and clinical advances. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 830: 352-1258
5. Hadden, J.W., H. Chen, Y. Wang & E.M. Hadden. 1989. strategies of immune reconstitution: Effects of lymphokines on murine T cell development in vitro and in vivo. Life Sci. 44: 5-17.
6. Hadden, J., E. Verastegui, J.L. Barrera, et al. 2003. A trial of IRX-2 in patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Int. Immunopharmacol. 3: 1073-1081.
7. Low, T.L., G.B. Thurman, M. McAdoo, et al. 1979. The chemistry and biology of thymosin. I. Isolation, characterization, and biological activities of thymosin alpha1 and polypeptide beTα1 from calf thymus. J. Biol. Chem. 254: 981-986.
8. Naylor, P.H. & A.L. Goldstein. 1988. Thymosin modulates immune and endocrine events. Prog. Clin.Biol. Res. 256: 489-502.
9. Goldstein, A.L., R.S. Schulof, P.H. Naylor & N.R. Hall. 1986. Thymosins and anti-thymosins: Properties and clinical applications. Med. Oncol. Tumor Pharmacother. 3: 211-221.
10. Hadden, J.W. 2001. Aspects of the immunopharmacology of thymosin α1. Clin. Appl. Immunol. Rev. 1: 187-191.
11. Naylor, P.H., K. Quadrini, E. Garaci, et al. 2007. Immunopharmacology of Thymosin α1 and cytokine synergy. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1112: 235-244.
12. Hadden J.W., E. Verastegui & E. Hadden. 2007. IRX-2 and Thymosin α1(Zadaxin) increase T lymphocytes in T lymphocytopenic mice and humans. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1112: 245-255.
13. Hadden, J.W., A.R. Saha,M. Sosa & E.M. Hadden. 1995. Immunotherapy with natural interleukins and/or Thymosin α1 potently augments T lymphocyte responses of hydrocortisone-treated aged mice. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 17: 821-828.
14. Sztein, M.B. & S.A. Serrate. 1989. Characterization of the immunoregulatory properties of thymosin α 1 on interleukin-2 production and interleukin-2 receptor expression in normal human lymphocytes. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 11: 789-800.
15. Sztein, M.B., S.A. Serrate & A.L. Goldstein. 1986. Modulation of interleukin 2 receptor expression on normal human lymphocytes by thymic hormones. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 6107-6111.
16. Coto, J.A., E.M. Hadden, M. Sauro, et al. 1992. Interleukin 1 regulates secretion of zinc-thymulin by human thymic epithelial cells and its action on T-lymphocyte proliferation and nuclear protein kinase C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 7752-7756.
17. Romani, L., F. Bistoni, R. Gaziano, et al. 2004. Thymosin alpha 1 activates dendritic cells for antifungal Th1 resistance through toll-like receptor signaling. Blood 103: 4232-4239.
18. Romani, L., F. Bistoni, K. Perruccio, et al. 2006. Thymosin α1 activates dendritic cell tryptophan catabolism and establishes a regulatory environment for balance of inflammation and tolerance. Blood 108: 2265-2274.
19. Giuliani, C., G. Napolitano, A. Mastino, et al. 2000. Thymosin-alpha1 regulates MHC class I expression in FRTL-5 cells at transcriptional level. Eur. J. Immunol. 30: 778-786.
20. Baumann, C.A.,M. Badamchian & A.L. Goldstein. 2000. Thymosin α1 is a time and dose-dependent antagonist of dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of murine thymocytes in vitro. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 22: 1057-1066.
21. Zhang, P., J. Chan, A.M. Dragoi, et al. 2005. Activation of IKK by thymosin alpha1 requires the TRAF6 signalling pathway. EMBO Rep. 6: 531-537.
22. Egan, J., K. Quadrini, F. Santiago-Schwarz, et al. 2007. IRX-2, a novel in vivo immunotherapeutic, induces maturation and activation of human dendritic cells in vitro. J. Immunother. 6: 624-633.
23. Mastino,A., C. Favalli, S.Grelli, et al. 1992.Combination therapy with thymosin α1 potentiates the anti-tumor activity of interleukin-2 with cyclophosphamide in the treatment of the Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. Int. J. Cancer 50: 493-499.
24. Garaci, E., F. Pica, P. Sinibaldi-Vallebona, et al. 2003. Thymosin α1 in combination with cytokines and chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer. Int. Immunopharmacol. 3: 1145-1150
25. Machiels, J.P., R.T. Reilly, L.A. Emens, et al. 2001. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel enhance the antitumor immune response of granulocyte/ macrophage-colony stimulating factor-secreting wholecell vaccines in HER-2/neu tolerized mice. Cancer Res. 61: 3689-3697.