메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 194-200

Thoracic empyema: Current opinions in medical and surgical management

Author keywords

Decortication; Drainage; Empyema; Fibrinolysis; Pleural effusion; Thoracocentesis; Videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; TUBERCULOSTATIC AGENT;

EID: 77951093824     PISSN: 10705287     EISSN: 15316971     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32833883f5     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (40)

References (115)
  • 1
    • 39149120266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empyemas' of the thoracic cavity in the Hippocratic Corpus
    • Christopoulou-Aletra H, Papavramidou N. 'Empyemas' of the thoracic cavity in the Hippocratic Corpus. Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 85:1132-1134.
    • (2008) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.85 , pp. 1132-1134
    • Christopoulou-Aletra, H.1    Papavramidou, N.2
  • 2
    • 70349119560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital-acquired thoracic empyema in adults: A 5-year study
    • Chen W, Lin Y, Liang S, et al. Hospital-acquired thoracic empyema in adults: a 5-year study. South Med J 2009; 102:909-914.
    • (2009) South Med J , vol.102 , pp. 909-914
    • Chen, W.1    Lin, Y.2    Liang, S.3
  • 3
    • 35948960333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired thoracic empyema in young adults
    • Liang SJ, Chen W, Lin Y, et al. Community-acquired thoracic empyema in young adults. South Med J 2007; 100:1075-1080.
    • (2007) South Med J , vol.100 , pp. 1075-1080
    • Liang, S.J.1    Chen, W.2    Lin, Y.3
  • 4
    • 0029979671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical course and management of thoracic empyema
    • Ferguson AD, Prescott RJ, Selkon JB, et al. The clinical course and management of thoracic empyema. Q J Med 1996; 89:285-289.
    • (1996) Q J Med , vol.89 , pp. 285-289
    • Ferguson, A.D.1    Prescott, R.J.2    Selkon, J.B.3
  • 5
  • 7
    • 58849132438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parapneumonic empyema deaths during past century,Utah
    • Bender JM, Ampofo K, Sheng X, et al. Parapneumonic empyema deaths during past century, Utah. Emerging Infect Dis 2009; 15:44-48.
    • (2009) Emerging Infect Dis , vol.15 , pp. 44-48
    • Bender, J.M.1    Ampofo, K.2    Sheng, X.3
  • 8
    • 74049156843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empyema hospitalizations increased in US children despite pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
    • Li ST, Tancredi DJ. Empyema hospitalizations increased in US children despite pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatrics 2010; 125:26-33.
    • (2010) Pediatrics , vol.125 , pp. 26-33
    • Li, S.T.1    Tancredi, D.J.2
  • 9
    • 44949108353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus conservative management in the treatment of adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema
    • CD002312
    • Cameron R, Davies HR. Intra-pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus conservative management in the treatment of adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008:CD002312.
    • (2008) Cochrane Database Syst Rev
    • Cameron, R.1    Davies, H.R.2
  • 10
    • 70350091437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventional management of pleural infections
    • Heffner JE, Klein JS, Hampson C. Interventional management of pleural infections. Chest 2009; 136:1148-1159.
    • (2009) Chest , vol.136 , pp. 1148-1159
    • Heffner, J.E.1    Klein, J.S.2    Hampson, C.3
  • 12
    • 33745019375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical presentation and management of empyema, lung abscess and pleural effusion
    • Schiza S, Siafakas NM. Clinical presentation and management of empyema, lung abscess and pleural effusion. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2006; 12:205-211.
    • (2006) Curr Opin Pulm Med , vol.12 , pp. 205-211
    • Schiza, S.1    Siafakas, N.M.2
  • 13
    • 33947398046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous pleural effusion in 2006
    • Gopi A, Madhavan SM, Sharma SK, Sahn SA. Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous pleural effusion in 2006. Chest 2007; 131:880-889.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.131 , pp. 880-889
    • Gopi, A.1    Madhavan, S.M.2    Sharma, S.K.3    Sahn, S.A.4
  • 14
    • 34547689020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current surgical treatment of thoracic empyema in adults
    • Molnar TF. Current surgical treatment of thoracic empyema in adults. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007; 32:422-430.
    • (2007) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.32 , pp. 422-430
    • Molnar, T.F.1
  • 16
    • 0033657181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonographic septation: A useful prognostic indicator of acute thoracic empyema
    • Chen KY, Liaw YS, Wang HC, et al. Sonographic septation: a useful prognostic indicator of acute thoracic empyema. J Ultrasound Med 2000; 19:837-843.
    • (2000) J Ultrasound Med , vol.19 , pp. 837-843
    • Chen, K.Y.1    Liaw, Y.S.2    Wang, H.C.3
  • 17
    • 33845408065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echo-guided management of complicated parapneumonic effusion in children
    • Chiu C, Wong K, Huang Y, et al. Echo-guided management of complicated parapneumonic effusion in children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2006; 41:1226-1232.
    • (2006) Pediatr Pulmonol , vol.41 , pp. 1226-1232
    • Chiu, C.1    Wong, K.2    Huang, Y.3
  • 18
    • 33646504872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and clinical significance of pleural microbubbles in computed tomography of thoracic empyema
    • Smolikov A, Smolyakov R, Riesenberg K, et al. Prevalence and clinical significance of pleural microbubbles in computed tomography of thoracic empyema. Clin Radiol 2006; 61:513-519.
    • (2006) Clin Radiol , vol.61 , pp. 513-519
    • Smolikov, A.1    Smolyakov, R.2    Riesenberg, K.3
  • 20
    • 53649110721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging of lung infections in children
    • Peltola V, Ruuskanen O, Svedström E. Magnetic resonance imaging of lung infections in children. Pediatr Radiol 2008; 38:1225-1231.
    • (2008) Pediatr Radiol , vol.38 , pp. 1225-1231
    • Peltola, V.1    Ruuskanen, O.2    Svedström, E.3
  • 21
    • 0027932908 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound findings following failed, clinically directed thoracenteses
    • Weingardt JP, Guico RR, Nemcek AAJ, et al. Ultrasound findings following failed, clinically directed thoracenteses. J Clin Ultrasound 1994; 22:419-426.
    • (1994) J Clin Ultrasound , vol.22 , pp. 419-426
    • Weingardt, J.P.1    Guico, R.R.2    Nemcek, A.A.J.3
  • 22
    • 0025306043 scopus 로고
    • Complications associated with thoracentesis. A prospective, randomized study comparing three different methods
    • Grogan DR, Irwin RS, Channick R, et al. Complications associated with thoracentesis. A prospective, randomized study comparing three different methods. Arch Intern Med 1990; 150:873-877.
    • (1990) Arch Intern Med , vol.150 , pp. 873-877
    • Grogan, D.R.1    Irwin, R.S.2    Channick, R.3
  • 23
    • 0025870046 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the development of pneumothorax associated with thoracentesis
    • Raptopoulos V, Davis LM, Lee G, et al. Factors affecting the development of pneumothorax associated with thoracentesis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1991; 156:917-920.
    • (1991) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.156 , pp. 917-920
    • Raptopoulos, V.1    Davis, L.M.2    Lee, G.3
  • 24
    • 0022614877 scopus 로고
    • Value of chest ultrasonography versus decubitus roentgenography for thoracentesis
    • Kohan JM, Poe RH, Israel RH, et al. Value of chest ultrasonography versus decubitus roentgenography for thoracentesis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986; 133:1124-1126.
    • (1986) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.133 , pp. 1124-1126
    • Kohan, J.M.1    Poe, R.H.2    Israel, R.H.3
  • 25
    • 28244484024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonographically guided thoracentesis and rate of pneumothorax
    • Barnes TW, Morgenthaler TI, Olson EJ, et al. Sonographically guided thoracentesis and rate of pneumothorax. J Clin Ultrasound 2005; 33: 442-446.
    • (2005) J Clin Ultrasound , vol.33 , pp. 442-446
    • Barnes, T.W.1    Morgenthaler, T.I.2    Olson, E.J.3
  • 26
    • 0037331170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of pleural puncture sites: A prospective comparison of clinical examination with ultrasound
    • Diacon AH, Brutsche MH, Solè r M. Accuracy of pleural puncture sites: a prospective comparison of clinical examination with ultrasound. Chest 2003; 123:436-441.
    • (2003) Chest , vol.123 , pp. 436-441
    • Diacon, A.H.1    Brutsche, M.H.2    Solè, R.M.3
  • 27
    • 0034057504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Image-guided percutaneous drainage of thoracic empyema: Can sonography predict the outcome?
    • Shankar S, Gulati M, Kang M, et al. Image-guided percutaneous drainage of thoracic empyema: can sonography predict the outcome? Eur Radiol 2000; 10:495-499.
    • (2000) Eur Radiol , vol.10 , pp. 495-499
    • Shankar, S.1    Gulati, M.2    Kang, M.3
  • 28
    • 68949140784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transthoracic ultrasonography in predicting the outcome of small-bore catheter drainage in empyemas or complicated parapneumonic effusions
    • Chen C, Chen W, Chen H, et al. Transthoracic ultrasonography in predicting the outcome of small-bore catheter drainage in empyemas or complicated parapneumonic effusions. Ultrasound Med Biol 2009; 35:1468-1474.
    • (2009) Ultrasound Med Biol , vol.35 , pp. 1468-1474
    • Chen, C.1    Chen, W.2    Chen, H.3
  • 29
    • 0033946392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computed tomography or ultrasonically guided pigtail catheter drainage in multiloculated pleural empyema: A recommended procedure?
    • Maier A, Domej W, Anegg U, et al. Computed tomography or ultrasonically guided pigtail catheter drainage in multiloculated pleural empyema: a recommended procedure? Respirology 2000; 5:119-124.
    • (2000) Respirology , vol.5 , pp. 119-124
    • Maier, A.1    Domej, W.2    Anegg, U.3
  • 30
    • 66649135840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound in peripheral pulmonary air-fluid lesions. Color Doppler imaging as an aid in differentiating empyema and abscess
    • Chen H, Yu Y, Tu C, et al. Ultrasound in peripheral pulmonary air-fluid lesions. Color Doppler imaging as an aid in differentiating empyema and abscess. Chest 2009; 135:1426-1432.
    • (2009) Chest , vol.135 , pp. 1426-1432
    • Chen, H.1    Yu, Y.2    Tu, C.3
  • 31
    • 13544255761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BTS guidelines for the management of pleural infection in children
    • Balfour-Lynn IM, Abrahamson E, Cohen G, et al. BTS guidelines for the management of pleural infection in children. Thorax 2005; 60 (Suppl 1):i1-i21.
    • (2005) Thorax , vol.60 , Issue.SUPPL 1
    • Balfour-Lynn, I.M.1    Abrahamson, E.2    Cohen, G.3
  • 32
    • 67349114879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging of parapneumonic pleural effusions and empyema in children
    • Calder A, Owens CM. Imaging of parapneumonic pleural effusions and empyema in children. Pediatr Radiol 2009; 39:527-537.
    • (2009) Pediatr Radiol , vol.39 , pp. 527-537
    • Calder, A.1    Owens, C.M.2
  • 33
    • 53749102317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of routine computed tomography in paediatric pleural empyema
    • Jaffe A, Calder AD, Owens CM, et al. Role of routine computed tomography in paediatric pleural empyema. Thorax 2008; 63:897-902.
    • (2008) Thorax , vol.63 , pp. 897-902
    • Jaffe, A.1    Calder, A.D.2    Owens, C.M.3
  • 34
    • 77951093480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications of tube thoracostomy placement in the emergency department
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Sethuraman KN, Duong D, Mehta S, et al. Complications of tube thoracostomy placement in the emergency department. J Emerg Med 2008 [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2008) J Emerg Med
    • Sethuraman, K.N.1    Duong, D.2    Mehta, S.3
  • 35
    • 44249098554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of the complications of small bore 'Seldinger' intercostal chest drains
    • Davies HE, Merchant S, McGown A. A study of the complications of small bore 'Seldinger' intercostal chest drains. Respirology 2008; 13:603-607.
    • (2008) Respirology , vol.13 , pp. 603-607
    • Davies, H.E.1    Merchant, S.2    McGown, A.3
  • 36
    • 33747484050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung penetration by thoracostomy tubes: Imaging findings on CT
    • LandayM, OliverQ, Estrera A, et al. Lung penetration by thoracostomy tubes: imaging findings on CT. J Thorac Imaging 2006; 21:197-204.
    • (2006) J Thorac Imaging , vol.21 , pp. 197-204
    • Oliverq, L.1    Estrera, A.2
  • 37
    • 44149094981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventional radiology treatment of empyema and lung abscesses
    • quiz 84
    • Hogan MJ, Coley BD. Interventional radiology treatment of empyema and lung abscesses. Paediatr Respir Rev 2008; 9:77-84; quiz 84.
    • (2008) Paediatr Respir Rev , vol.9 , pp. 77-84
    • Hogan, M.J.1    Coley, B.D.2
  • 38
    • 65949107304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing iatrogenic risk in thoracentesis: Establishing best practice via experiential training in a zero-risk environment
    • Duncan DR, Morgenthaler TI, Ryu JH, Daniels CE. Reducing iatrogenic risk in thoracentesis: establishing best practice via experiential training in a zero-risk environment. Chest 2009; 135:1315-1320.
    • (2009) Chest , vol.135 , pp. 1315-1320
    • Duncan, D.R.1    Morgenthaler, T.I.2    Ryu, J.H.3    Daniels, C.E.4
  • 39
    • 0037331153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound-guided thoracentesis: Is it a safer method?
    • Jones PW, Moyers JP, Rogers JT, et al. Ultrasound-guided thoracentesis: is it a safer method? Chest 2003; 123:418-423.
    • (2003) Chest , vol.123 , pp. 418-423
    • Jones, P.W.1    Moyers, J.P.2    Rogers, J.T.3
  • 40
    • 38049084787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic work-up of pleural effusions
    • Froudarakis ME. Diagnostic work-up of pleural effusions. Respiration 2008; 75:4-13.
    • (2008) Respiration , vol.75 , pp. 4-13
    • Froudarakis, M.E.1
  • 41
    • 38349036142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of pleural fluid analysis
    • Sahn SA. The value of pleural fluid analysis. Am J Med Sci 2008; 335:7-15.
    • (2008) Am J Med Sci , vol.335 , pp. 7-15
    • Sahn, S.A.1
  • 42
    • 34249796672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteriology of complicated parapneumonic effusions
    • Foster S, Maskell N. Bacteriology of complicated parapneumonic effusions. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2007; 13:319-323.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Pulm Med , vol.13 , pp. 319-323
    • Foster, S.1    Maskell, N.2
  • 43
    • 67449105921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the measurement of pleural fluid pH
    • Mishra EK, Rahman NM. Factors influencing the measurement of pleural fluid pH. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2009; 15:353-357.
    • (2009) Curr Opin Pulm Med , vol.15 , pp. 353-357
    • Mishra, E.K.1    Rahman, N.M.2
  • 44
    • 4544373120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of closed-tube thoracostomy and open thoracotomy procedures in the management of thoracic empyema in childhood
    • Karaman I, Erdog? an D, Karaman A, Cakmak O. Comparison of closed-tube thoracostomy and open thoracotomy procedures in the management of thoracic empyema in childhood. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2004; 14:250-254.
    • (2004) Eur J Pediatr Surg , vol.14 , pp. 250-254
    • Karaman, I.1    Erdogan, D.2    Karaman, A.3    Cakmak, O.4
  • 45
    • 0029070890 scopus 로고
    • Pleural fluid chemical analysis in parapneumonic effusions. A meta-analysis
    • Heffner JE, Brown LK, Barbieri C, DeLeo JM. Pleural fluid chemical analysis in parapneumonic effusions. A meta-analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:1700-1708.
    • (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.151 , pp. 1700-1708
    • Heffner, J.E.1    Brown, L.K.2    Barbieri, C.3    Deleo, J.M.4
  • 46
    • 64549110339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are the biochemical parameters of pleural fluid that best identify parapneumonic effusions?
    • Santotoribio JD, Leó n-Justel A, Delgado-Pecell?́n C, Guerrero JM. What are the biochemical parameters of pleural fluid that best identify parapneumonic effusions? Ann Clin Biochem 2009; 46:176-177.
    • (2009) Ann Clin Biochem , vol.46 , pp. 176-177
    • Santotoribio, J.D.1    León-Justel, A.2    Delgado-Pecelĺn, C.3    Guerrero, J.M.4
  • 47
    • 34547459111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a new inflammatory molecule (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1) in the diagnosis of pleural effusion
    • Chan M, Chang K, Chao W, et al. Evaluation of a new inflammatory molecule (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1) in the diagnosis of pleural effusion. Respirology 2007; 12:333-338.
    • (2007) Respirology , vol.12 , pp. 333-338
    • Chan, M.1    Chang, K.2    Chao, W.3
  • 48
    • 57749208921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 for diagnosing empyema
    • Bishara J, Goldberg E, Ashkenazi S, et al. Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 for diagnosing empyema. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 87:251-254.
    • (2009) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.87 , pp. 251-254
    • Bishara, J.1    Goldberg, E.2    Ashkenazi, S.3
  • 49
    • 33749368242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Routine use of pleural fluid cultures. Are they indicated? Limited yield, minimal impact on treatment decisions.
    • Jiménez D, D?́az G, Garc?́a-Rull S, et al. Routine use of pleural fluid cultures. Are they indicated? Limited yield, minimal impact on treatment decisions. Respir Med 2006; 100:2048-2052.
    • (2006) Respir Med , vol.100 , pp. 2048-2052
    • Jiménez, D.1    D́az, G.2    Garća-Rull, S.3
  • 50
    • 33751205368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumolysin polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia and empyema in children
    • Lahti E, Mertsola J, Kontiokari T, et al. Pneumolysin polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia and empyema in children. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 25:783-789.
    • (2006) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.25 , pp. 783-789
    • Lahti, E.1    Mertsola, J.2    Kontiokari, T.3
  • 51
    • 34347327120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct detection of Clostridium sordellii in pleural fluid of a patient with pneumonic empyema by a broadrange 16S rRNA PCR
    • Foroulis CN, Gerogianni I, Kouritas VK, et al. Direct detection of Clostridium sordellii in pleural fluid of a patient with pneumonic empyema by a broadrange 16S rRNA PCR. Scand J Infect Dis 2007; 39:617-619.
    • (2007) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.39 , pp. 617-619
    • Foroulis, C.N.1    Gerogianni, I.2    Kouritas, V.K.3
  • 52
    • 33749425514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular typing of pneumococci causing parapneumonic empyema in Spanish children using multilocus sequence typing directly on pleural fluid samples
    • Obando I, Arroyo LA, Sá nchez-Tatay D, et al. Molecular typing of pneumococci causing parapneumonic empyema in Spanish children using multilocus sequence typing directly on pleural fluid samples. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006; 25:962-963.
    • (2006) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.25 , pp. 962-963
    • Obando, I.1    Arroyo, L.A.2    Sánchez-Tatay, D.3
  • 53
    • 34248531240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of a pleural antigen assay (Binax NOW) to the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia
    • Porcel JM, Ruiz-Gonzá lez A, Falguera M, et al. Contribution of a pleural antigen assay (Binax NOW) to the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. Chest 2007; 131:1442-1447.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.131 , pp. 1442-1447
    • Porcel, J.M.1    Ruiz-González, A.2    Falguera, M.3
  • 54
    • 33751265265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae thoracic empyema in children: Rapid diagnosis by using the Binax NOW immunochromatographic membrane test in pleural fluids
    • Ploton C, Freydiere AM, Benito Y, et al. Streptococcus pneumoniae thoracic empyema in children: rapid diagnosis by using the Binax NOW immunochromatographic membrane test in pleural fluids. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2006; 54:498-501.
    • (2006) Pathol Biol (Paris) , vol.54 , pp. 498-501
    • Ploton, C.1    Freydiere, A.M.2    Benito, Y.3
  • 55
    • 73949146997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass spectrometry tools for the classification and identification of bacteria
    • Sauer S, Kliem M. Mass spectrometry tools for the classification and identification of bacteria. Nat Rev Microbiol 2010; 8:74-82.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.8 , pp. 74-82
    • Sauer, S.1    Kliem, M.2
  • 56
    • 33645787488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbiological diagnosis of empyema in children: Comparative evaluations by culture, polymerase chain reaction, and pneumococcal antigen detection in pleural fluids
    • Le Monnier A, Carbonnelle E, Zahar J, et al. Microbiological diagnosis of empyema in children: comparative evaluations by culture, polymerase chain reaction, and pneumococcal antigen detection in pleural fluids. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:1135-1140.
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , pp. 1135-1140
    • Le Monnier, A.1    Carbonnelle, E.2    Zahar, J.3
  • 57
    • 67449088586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-gamma release assays for the diagnosis of TB pleural effusions: Hype or real hope?
    • Hooper CE, Lee YCG, Maskell NA. Interferon-gamma release assays for the diagnosis of TB pleural effusions: hype or real hope? Curr Opin Pulm Med 2009; 15:358-365.
    • (2009) Curr Opin Pulm Med , vol.15 , pp. 358-365
    • Hooper, C.E.1    Lee, Y.C.G.2    Maskell, N.A.3
  • 58
    • 64549155663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pleural fluid adenosine deaminase and interferon gamma as diagnostic tools in tuberculosis pleurisy
    • Krenke R, Safianowska A, Paplinska M, et al. Pleural fluid adenosine deaminase and interferon gamma as diagnostic tools in tuberculosis pleurisy. J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 59 (Suppl 6):349-360.
    • (2008) J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.59 , Issue.SUPPL 6 , pp. 349-360
    • Krenke, R.1    Safianowska, A.2    Paplinska, M.3
  • 59
    • 33845254520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction and adenosine deaminase assay for the diagnosis of tuberculous effusions in children
    • Mishra OP, Kumar R, Ali Z, et al. Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction and adenosine deaminase assay for the diagnosis of tuberculous effusions in children. Arch Dis Child 2006; 91:985-989.
    • (2006) Arch Dis Child , vol.91 , pp. 985-989
    • Mishra, O.P.1    Kumar, R.2    Ali, Z.3
  • 60
    • 70349255534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuberculous pleural effusion
    • Porcel JM. Tuberculous pleural effusion. Lung 2009; 187:263-270.
    • (2009) Lung , vol.187 , pp. 263-270
    • Porcel, J.M.1
  • 61
    • 77951094178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A direct comparison of the diagnostic yield of ultrasound-assisted Abrams and Tru-cut needle biopsies for pleural tuberculosis
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Koegelenberg CF, Bolliger CT, Theron J, et al. A direct comparison of the diagnostic yield of ultrasound-assisted Abrams and Tru-cut needle biopsies for pleural tuberculosis. Thorax 2009 [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2009) Thorax
    • Koegelenberg, C.F.1    Bolliger, C.T.2    Theron, J.3
  • 62
    • 41949131301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of procalcitonin and CrP in the postoperative course after lung decortication
    • Carboni GL, Fahrner R, Gazdhar A, et al. Comparison of procalcitonin and CrP in the postoperative course after lung decortication. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008; 33:777-780.
    • (2008) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.33 , pp. 777-780
    • Carboni, G.L.1    Fahrner, R.2    Gazdhar, A.3
  • 63
    • 33747085956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of pleural fluid C-reactive protein concentration in discriminating uncomplicated parapneumonic pleural effusions from complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema
    • Chen SC, Chen W, Hsu WH, et al. Role of pleural fluid C-reactive protein concentration in discriminating uncomplicated parapneumonic pleural effusions from complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema. Lung 2006; 184:141-145.
    • (2006) Lung , vol.184 , pp. 141-145
    • Chen, S.C.1    Chen, W.2    Hsu, W.H.3
  • 64
    • 33845945854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and complications of smallbore, wire-guided chest drains
    • Horsley A, Jones L, White J, Henry M. Efficacy and complications of smallbore, wire-guided chest drains. Chest 2006; 130:1857-1863.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.130 , pp. 1857-1863
    • Horsley, A.1    Jones, L.2    White, J.3    Henry, M.4
  • 65
    • 38049145942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empyema and effusion: Outcome of image-guided small-bore catheter drainage
    • Keeling AN, Leong S, Logan PM, Lee MJ. Empyema and effusion: outcome of image-guided small-bore catheter drainage. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2008; 31:135-141.
    • (2008) Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol , vol.31 , pp. 135-141
    • Keeling, A.N.1    Leong, S.2    Logan, P.M.3    Lee, M.J.4
  • 66
    • 77951092242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between chest tube size and clinical outcome in pleural infection
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Rahman NM, Maskell NA, Davies et al. The relationship between chest tube size and clinical outcome in pleural infection. Chest 2009 [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2009) Chest
    • Rahman, N.M.1    Maskell, N.A.2    Davies3
  • 67
    • 39449131689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of indwelling pleural catheters for chronic pleural infection
    • Davies HE, Rahman NM, Parker RJ, Davies RJO. Use of indwelling pleural catheters for chronic pleural infection. Chest 2008; 133:546-549.
    • (2008) Chest , vol.133 , pp. 546-549
    • Davies, H.E.1    Rahman, N.M.2    Parker, R.J.3    Davies, R.J.O.4
  • 68
    • 33645116954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrapleural fibrinolytic agents for empyema and complicated parapneumonic effusions: A meta-analysis
    • Tokuda Y, Matsushima D, Stein GH, Miyagi S. Intrapleural fibrinolytic agents for empyema and complicated parapneumonic effusions: a meta-analysis. Chest 2006; 129:783-790.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.129 , pp. 783-790
    • Tokuda, Y.1    Matsushima, D.2    Stein, G.H.3    Miyagi, S.4
  • 70
    • 3843094049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus conservative management in the treatment of parapneumonic effusions and empyema
    • Cameron R, Davies HR. Intra-pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus conservative management in the treatment of parapneumonic effusions and empyema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004:CD002312.
    • (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev
    • Cameron, R.1    Davies, H.R.2
  • 71
    • 33846578740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Less is best? the impact of urokinase as the first line management of empyema thoracis
    • Khalil BA, Corbett PA, Jones MO, et al. Less is best? The impact of urokinase as the first line management of empyema thoracis. Pediatr Surg Int 2007; 23:129-133.
    • (2007) Pediatr Surg Int , vol.23 , pp. 129-133
    • Khalil, B.A.1    Corbett, P.A.2    Jones, M.O.3
  • 72
    • 33745738701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of urokinase and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for treatment of childhood empyema
    • Sonnappa S, Cohen G, Owens CM, et al. Comparison of urokinase and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for treatment of childhood empyema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174:221-227.
    • (2006) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.174 , pp. 221-227
    • Sonnappa, S.1    Cohen, G.2    Owens, C.M.3
  • 73
    • 44349173816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrapleural streptokinase treatment in children with empyema
    • Aydog? an M, Aydog? an A, Ozcan A, et al. Intrapleural streptokinase treatment in children with empyema. Eur J Pediatr 2008; 167:739-744.
    • (2008) Eur J Pediatr , vol.167 , pp. 739-744
    • Aydogan, M.1    Aydogan, A.2    Ozcan, A.3
  • 74
    • 20044365983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U. K. Controlled trial of intrapleural streptokinase for pleural infection
    • Maskell NA, Davies CWH, Nunn AJ, et al. U. K. Controlled trial of intrapleural streptokinase for pleural infection. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:865-874.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 865-874
    • Maskell, N.A.1    Davies, C.W.H.2    Nunn, A.J.3
  • 75
    • 25144443034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early use of intrapleural fibrinolytics in the management of postpneumonic empyema. A prospective study
    • Misthos P, Sepsas E, Konstantinou M, et al. Early use of intrapleural fibrinolytics in the management of postpneumonic empyema. A prospective study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005; 28:599-603.
    • (2005) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.28 , pp. 599-603
    • Misthos, P.1    Sepsas, E.2    Konstantinou, M.3
  • 76
    • 33745141933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue plasminogen activator combined with human recombinant deoxyribonuclease is effective therapy for empyema in a rabbit model
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.129.6.1577
    • Zhu Z, Hawthorne ML, Guo Y, et al. Tissue plasminogen activator combined with human recombinant deoxyribonuclease is effective therapy for empyema in a rabbit model. Chest 2006; 129:1577-1583. (Pubitemid 43894989)
    • (2006) Chest , vol.129 , Issue.6 , pp. 1577-1583
    • Zhu, Z.1    Hawthorne, M.L.2    Guo, Y.3    Drake, W.4    Bilaceroglu, S.5    Misra, H.L.6    Light, R.W.7
  • 77
    • 33750088975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrapleural heparin or heparin combined with human recombinant DNase is not effective in the treatment of empyema in a rabbit model
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2006.00934.x
    • Dikensoy O, Zhu Z, Na MJ, et al. Intrapleural heparin or heparin combined with human recombinant DNase is not effective in the treatment of empyema in a rabbit model. Respirology 2006; 11:755-760. (Pubitemid 44581440)
    • (2006) Respirology , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 755-760
    • Dikensoy, O.1    Zhu, Z.2    Na, M.J.3    Liao, H.4    Donnelly, E.5    Light, R.W.6
  • 78
    • 77951093250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary result of the second Multicentre Intrapleural Sepsis (MIST2) Trial; Randomised trial of intrapleural TPA and DNase in pleural infection
    • Rahman NM, Maskell N, Davies CWH, et al. Primary result of the second Multicentre Intrapleural Sepsis (MIST2) Trial; randomised trial of intrapleural TPA and DNase in pleural infection. Thorax 2009; 64 (Suppl 4):A1.
    • (2009) Thorax , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Rahman, N.M.1    Maskell, N.2    Davies, C.W.H.3
  • 79
    • 0038026000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BTS guidelines for the management of pleural infection
    • Davies CWH, Gleeson FV, Davies RJO. BTS guidelines for the management of pleural infection. Thorax 2003; 58 (Suppl 2):ii18-28.
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Davies, C.W.H.1    Gleeson, F.V.2    Davies, R.J.O.3
  • 80
    • 33745464336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal therapy for severe pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia
    • DOI 10.1007/s00134-006-0182-x
    • Luján M, Gallego M, Rello J. Optimal therapy for severe pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32:971-980. (Pubitemid 43952713)
    • (2006) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.32 , Issue.7 , pp. 971-980
    • Lujan, M.1    Gallego, M.2    Rello, J.3
  • 81
    • 43849087373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of postpneumonectomy empyema with debridement followed by continuous antibiotic irrigation
    • Ng T, Ryder BA, Maziak DE, Shamji FM. Treatment of postpneumonectomy empyema with debridement followed by continuous antibiotic irrigation. J Am Coll Surg 2008; 206:1178-1183.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Surg , vol.206 , pp. 1178-1183
    • Ng, T.1    Ryder, B.A.2    Maziak, D.E.3    Shamji, F.M.4
  • 82
    • 33747758764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postpneumonectomy empyema treated with a combination of antibiotic irrigation followed by videothoracoscopic debridement
    • Bagan P, Boissier F, Berna P, et al. Postpneumonectomy empyema treated with a combination of antibiotic irrigation followed by videothoracoscopic debridement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 132:708-710.
    • (2006) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.132 , pp. 708-710
    • Bagan, P.1    Boissier, F.2    Berna, P.3
  • 84
  • 85
    • 33746902353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Video-assisted thoracic surgery utilizing local anesthesia and sedation
    • Katlic MR. Video-assisted thoracic surgery utilizing local anesthesia and sedation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 30:529-532.
    • (2006) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.30 , pp. 529-532
    • Katlic, M.R.1
  • 86
    • 67650120098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery really superior to open decortication for empyema thoracis? [eComment]
    • Edwin F, Frimpong-Boateng K. Is video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery really superior to open decortication for empyema thoracis? [eComment]. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2009; 9:78.
    • (2009) Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg , vol.9 , pp. 78
    • Edwin, F.1    Frimpong-Boateng, K.2
  • 87
  • 88
    • 70350006680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic postpneumonic pleural empyema: Comparative merits of thoracoscopic versus open decortication
    • Cardillo G, Carleo F, Carbone L, et al. Chronic postpneumonic pleural empyema: comparative merits of thoracoscopic versus open decortication. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009; 36:914-918.
    • (2009) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.36 , pp. 914-918
    • Cardillo, G.1    Carleo, F.2    Carbone, L.3
  • 89
    • 34347406291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Definitive management of advanced empyema by two-window video-assisted surgery
    • Drain AJ, Ferguson JI, Sayeed R, et al. Definitive management of advanced empyema by two-window video-assisted surgery. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2007; 15:238-239.
    • (2007) Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann , vol.15 , pp. 238-239
    • Drain, A.J.1    Ferguson, J.I.2    Sayeed, R.3
  • 90
    • 34250331281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgical treatment for empyema thoracis: Is video-assisted thoracic surgery 'better' than thoracotomy?
    • Chan DTL, Sihoe ADL, Chan S, et al. Surgical treatment for empyema thoracis: is video-assisted thoracic surgery 'better' than thoracotomy? Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 84:225-231.
    • (2007) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.84 , pp. 225-231
    • Chan, D.T.L.1    Sihoe, A.D.L.2    Chan, S.3
  • 91
    • 58149527161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thoracoscopic decortication vs tube thoracostomy with fibrinolysis for empyema in children: A prospective, randomized trial
    • St Peter SD, Tsao K, Harrison C, et al. Thoracoscopic decortication vs tube thoracostomy with fibrinolysis for empyema in children: a prospective, randomized trial. J Pediatr Surg 2009; 44:106-111.
    • (2009) J Pediatr Surg , vol.44 , pp. 106-111
    • St Peter, S.D.1    Tsao, K.2    Harrison, C.3
  • 92
    • 60149099387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in managing childhood empyema: A large single-centre study
    • Bishay M, Short M, Shah K, et al. Efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in managing childhood empyema: a large single-centre study. J Pediatr Surg 2009; 44:337-342.
    • (2009) J Pediatr Surg , vol.44 , pp. 337-342
    • Bishay, M.1    Short, M.2    Shah, K.3
  • 93
    • 34250865095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How should we manage empyema: Antibiotics alone, fibrinolytics, or primary video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)?
    • Cremonesini D, Thomson AH. How should we manage empyema: antibiotics alone, fibrinolytics, or primary video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)? Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 28:322-332.
    • (2007) Semin Respir Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 322-332
    • Cremonesini, D.1    Thomson, A.H.2
  • 94
    • 34250166557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment approaches for empyema in children
    • Sonnappa S, Jaffe A. Treatment approaches for empyema in children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2007; 8:164-170.
    • (2007) Paediatr Respir Rev , vol.8 , pp. 164-170
    • Sonnappa, S.1    Jaffe, A.2
  • 96
    • 33749009052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of thoracoscopy in the treatment of pleural empyema in children
    • Dzielicki J, Korlacki W. The role of thoracoscopy in the treatment of pleural empyema in children. Surg Endosc 2006; 20:1402-1405.
    • (2006) Surg Endosc , vol.20 , pp. 1402-1405
    • Dzielicki, J.1    Korlacki, W.2
  • 97
    • 45749090522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative analysis of chest tube thoracostomy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in empyema and parapneumonic effusion associated with pneumonia in children
    • Aziz A, Healey JM, Qureshi F, et al. Comparative analysis of chest tube thoracostomy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in empyema and parapneumonic effusion associated with pneumonia in children. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2008; 9:317-323.
    • (2008) Surg Infect (Larchmt) , vol.9 , pp. 317-323
    • Aziz, A.1    Healey, J.M.2    Qureshi, F.3
  • 98
    • 44449168758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of competing strategies for the treatment of pediatric empyema
    • Cohen E, Weinstein M, Fisman DN. Cost-effectiveness of competing strategies for the treatment of pediatric empyema. Pediatrics 2008; 121: e1250-e1257.
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.121
    • Cohen, E.1    Weinstein, M.2    Fisman, D.N.3
  • 99
    • 46949084379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary early thoracoscopy and reduction in length of hospital stay and additional procedures among children with complicated pneumonia: Results of a multicenter retrospective cohort study
    • Shah SS, DiCristina CM, Bell LM, et al. Primary early thoracoscopy and reduction in length of hospital stay and additional procedures among children with complicated pneumonia: results of a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008; 162:675-681.
    • (2008) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.162 , pp. 675-681
    • Shah, S.S.1    Dicristina, C.M.2    Bell, L.M.3
  • 100
    • 77951092986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs of treating children with complicated pneumonia: A comparison of primary video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and chest tube placement
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Shah SS, Ten Have TR, Metlay JP. Costs of treating children with complicated pneumonia: a comparison of primary video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and chest tube placement. Pediatr Pulmonol 2009. [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2009) Pediatr Pulmonol
    • Shah, S.S.1    Ten Have, T.R.2    Metlay, J.P.3
  • 101
    • 42449140669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thoracoscopy in the treatment of pleural empyema in pediatric patients
    • Kang DWW, Campos JRMD, Andrade Filho LDO, et al. Thoracoscopy in the treatment of pleural empyema in pediatric patients. J Bras Pneumol 2008; 34:205-211.
    • (2008) J Bras Pneumol , vol.34 , pp. 205-211
    • Kang, D.W.W.1    Jrmd, C.2    Andrade Filho, L.D.O.3
  • 102
    • 38149015374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary operative management for pediatric empyema: Decreases in hospital length of stay and charges in a national sample
    • Li ST, Gates RL. Primary operative management for pediatric empyema: decreases in hospital length of stay and charges in a national sample. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008; 162:44-48.
    • (2008) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.162 , pp. 44-48
    • Li, S.T.1    Gates, R.L.2
  • 103
    • 74249114194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs of treating children with complicated pneumonia: A comparison of primary video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and chest tube placement
    • Shah SS, Ten Have TR, Metlay JP. Costs of treating children with complicated pneumonia: a comparison of primary video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and chest tube placement. Pediatr Pulmonol 2010; 45:71-77.
    • (2010) Pediatr Pulmonol , vol.45 , pp. 71-77
    • Shah, S.S.1    Ten Have, T.R.2    Metlay, J.P.3
  • 104
    • 64649107305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choice of first intervention is related to outcomes in the management of empyema
    • discussion 1530-1531
    • Wozniak CJ, Paull DE, Moezzi JE, et al. Choice of first intervention is related to outcomes in the management of empyema. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 87:1525-1530;discussion 1530-1531.
    • (2009) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.87 , pp. 1525-1530
    • Wozniak, C.J.1    Paull, D.E.2    Moezzi, J.E.3
  • 105
    • 33748980780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thoracoscopy in pediatric pleural empyema: A prospective study of prognostic factors
    • Kalfa N, Allal H, Lopez M, et al. Thoracoscopy in pediatric pleural empyema: a prospective study of prognostic factors. J Pediatr Surg 2006; 41:1732-1737.
    • (2006) J Pediatr Surg , vol.41 , pp. 1732-1737
    • Kalfa, N.1    Allal, H.2    Lopez, M.3
  • 106
    • 55049085937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and therapeutic performance of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in investigation and management of pleural exudates
    • Medford ARL, Awan YM, Marchbank A, et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic performance of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in investigation and management of pleural exudates. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2008; 90:597-600.
    • (2008) Ann R Coll Surg Engl , vol.90 , pp. 597-600
    • Medford, A.R.L.1    Awan, Y.M.2    Marchbank, A.3
  • 107
    • 61849168493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the management of tuberculous empyemas [eComment]
    • Barbetakis N, Paliouras D, Asteriou C, Tsilikas C. The role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the management of tuberculous empyemas [eComment]. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2009; 8:337-338.
    • (2009) Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg , vol.8 , pp. 337-338
    • Barbetakis, N.1    Paliouras, D.2    Asteriou, C.3    Tsilikas, C.4
  • 108
    • 61849168496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of surgery in the management of pleuropulmonary tuberculosis: Seven years' experience at a single institution
    • discussion 337
    • Kerti C, Miron I, Cozma GV, et al. The role of surgery in the management of pleuropulmonary tuberculosis: seven years' experience at a single institution. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2009; 8:334-337; discussion 337.
    • (2009) Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg , vol.8 , pp. 334-337
    • Kerti, C.1    Miron, I.2    Cozma, G.V.3
  • 109
  • 110
    • 34249059700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thoracic empyema, application of video-assisted thoracic surgery and its current management
    • Fuller MK, Helmrath MA. Thoracic empyema, application of video-assisted thoracic surgery and its current management. Curr Opin Pediatr 2007; 19:328-332.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Pediatr , vol.19 , pp. 328-332
    • Fuller, M.K.1    Helmrath, M.A.2
  • 111
    • 33747854166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ready for the frontline: Is early thoracoscopic decortication the new standard of care for advanced pneumonia with empyema?
    • discussion 692-693
    • Suchar AM, Zureikat AH, Glynn L, et al. Ready for the frontline: is early thoracoscopic decortication the new standard of care for advanced pneumonia with empyema? Am Surg 2006; 72:688-692; discussion 692-693.
    • (2006) Am Surg , vol.72 , pp. 688-692
    • Suchar, A.M.1    Zureikat, A.H.2    Glynn, L.3
  • 112
    • 33846320497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Video-assisted thoracic surgery in the treatment of pleural empyema
    • Solaini L, Prusciano F, Bagioni P. Video-assisted thoracic surgery in the treatment of pleural empyema. Surg Endosc 2007; 21:280-284.
    • (2007) Surg Endosc , vol.21 , pp. 280-284
    • Solaini, L.1    Prusciano, F.2    Bagioni, P.3
  • 113
    • 58149514148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Position paper on video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery as treatment of pediatric empyema
    • Kokoska ER, Chen MK. Position paper on video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery as treatment of pediatric empyema. J Pediatr Surg 2009; 44:289-293.
    • (2009) J Pediatr Surg , vol.44 , pp. 289-293
    • Kokoska, E.R.1    Chen, M.K.2
  • 114
    • 0035166570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated treatment for early and late postpneumonectomy empyema
    • Schneiter D, Cassina P, Korom S, et al. Accelerated treatment for early and late postpneumonectomy empyema. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72:1668-1672.
    • (2001) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.72 , pp. 1668-1672
    • Schneiter, D.1    Cassina, P.2    Korom, S.3
  • 115
    • 46049117486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated treatment of postpneumonectomy empyema: A binational long-term study
    • Schneiter D, Grodzki T, Lardinois D, et al. Accelerated treatment of postpneumonectomy empyema: a binational long-term study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 136:179-185.
    • (2008) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.136 , pp. 179-185
    • Schneiter, D.1    Grodzki, T.2    Lardinois, D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.