Structure and function of factor XI

Blood

Volumn 115, Issue 13, 2010, Pages 2569-2577

  Emsley, Jonas ^a   McEwan, Paul A ^a   Gailani, David ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 11; VITAMIN K GROUP;

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; HUMAN; LIGAND BINDING; MISSENSE MUTATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION; THROMBOSIS;

EID: 77950978248     PISSN: 00064971     EISSN: 15280020     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-09-199182     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. Furie B, Furie BC. Molecular basis of blood coagulation. In: Hoffman H, Benz EJ, Shattil SJ, et al, eds. Hematology, Basic Principles and Practice, 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone-Elsevier. 2009:1819-1836.
2. Seligsohn U. Factor XI in haemostasis and thrombosis: past, present and future. Thromb Haemost. 2007;98(1):84-89. (Pubitemid 47074182)
3. Gailani D, Smith SB. Structural and functional features of factor XI. J Thromb Haemost. 2009;7[suppl 1]:75-78.
4. Bouma BN, Griffin JH. Human blood coagulation factor XI: purification, properties, and mechanism of activation by activated factor XII. J Biol Chem. 1977;252(18):6432-6437.
5. Fujikawa K, Chung DW, Hendrickson LE, Davie EW. Amino acid sequence of human factor XI, a blood coagulation factor with four tandem repeats that are highly homologous with plasma prekallikrein. Biochemistry. 1986;25(9):2417-2424.
6. McMullen BA, Fujikawa K, Davie EW. Location of the disulfide bonds in human coagulation factor XI: the presence of tandem apple domains. Biochemistry. 1991;30(8):2056-2060.
7. Papagrigoriou E, McEwan PA, Walsh PN, Emsley J. Crystal structure of the factor XI zymogen reveals a pathway for transactivation. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2006;13(6):557-558. (Pubitemid 43848912)
8. Thompson RE, Mandle R Jr, KaplanAP. Association of factor XI and high molecular weight kininogen in human plasma. J Clin Invest. 1977;60(6):1376-1380. (Pubitemid 8238653)
9. McMullen BA, Fujikawa K, Davie EW. Location of the disulfide bonds in human plasma prekallikrein: the presence of four novel apple domains in the amino-terminal portion of the molecule. Biochemistry. 1991;30(8):2050-2056.
10. Hooley E, McEwan PA, Emsley J. Molecular modeling of the prekallikrein structure provides insights into high-molecular-weight kininogen binding and zymogen activation. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5(12):2461-2466. (Pubitemid 350154357)
11. Mandle RJ, Colman RW, Kaplan AP. Identification of prekallikrein and high-molecular-weight kininogen as a complex in human plasma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976;73(11):4179-4183.
12. Ponczek MB, Gailani D, Doolittle RF. Evolution of the contact phase of vertebrate blood coagulation. J Thromb Haemost. 2008;6(11):1876-1883.
13. Naito K, Fujikawa K. Activation of human blood coagulation factor XI independent of factor XII: factor XI is activated by thrombin and factor XIa in the presence of negatively charged surfaces. J Biol Chem. 1991;266(12):7353- 7358. (Pubitemid 21906372)
14. Gailani D, Broze GJ Jr. Factor XI activation in a revised model of blood coagulation. Science. 1991;253(5022):909-912. (Pubitemid 21917236)
15. von dem Borne PA, Meijers JC, Bouma BN. Feedback activation of factor XI by thrombin in plasma results in additional formation of thrombin that protects fibrin clots from fibrinolysis. Blood. 1995;86(8):3035-3042.
16. Asakai R, Chung DW, Davie EW, Seligsohn U. Factor XI deficiency in Ashkenazi Jews in Israel. N Engl J Med. 1991;325(3):153-158.
17. Seligsohn U. Factor XI deficiency in humans. J Thromb Haemost. 2009;7[suppl 1]:84-87.
18. Bouma BN, Meijers JC. New insights into factors affecting clot stability: a role for thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI; plasma procarboxypeptidase B, plasma procarboxypeptidase U, procarboxypeptidase R). Semin Hematol. 2004;41[suppl 1]:13-19.
19. Nesheim M, Bajzar L. The discovery of TAFI. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3(10):2139-2146.
20. Mosnier LO, Bouma BN. Regulation of fibrinolysis by thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, an unstable carboxypeptidase B that unites the pathways of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26(11):2445-2453.
21. Ragni MV, Sinha D, Seaman F, Lewis JH, Spero JA, Walsh PN. Comparison of bleeding tendency, factor XI coagulant activity, and factor XI antigen in 25 factor XI-deficient kindreds. Blood. 1985;65(3):719-724. (Pubitemid 15131483)
22. Bolton-Maggs PH, Young Wan-Yin B, McCraw AH, Slack J, Kernoff PB. Inheritance and bleeding in factor XI deficiency. Br J Haematol. 1988;69(4):521-528.
23. Bolton-Maggs PH, Patterson DA, Wensley RT, Tuddenham EG. Definition of the bleeding tendency in factor XI-deficient kindreds: a clinical and laboratory study. Thromb Haemost. 1995;73(2):194-202.
24. Peretz H, Mulai A, Usher S, et al. The two common mutations causing factor XI deficiency in Jews stem from distinct founders: one of ancient Middle Eastern origin and another of more recent European origin. Blood. 1997;90(7):2654-2659.
25. Asakai R, Chung DW, Ratnoff OD, Davie EW. Factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent) deficiency in Ashkenazi Jews is a bleeding disorder that can result from three types of point mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989;86:7667-7671.
26. Meijers JC, Davie EW, Chung DW. Expression of human blood coagulation factor XI: characterization of the defect in factor XI type III deficiency. Blood. 1992;79(6):1435-1440.
27. Kravtsov DV, Wu W, Meijers JC, et al. Dominant factor XI deficiency caused by mutations in the factor XI catalytic domain. Blood. 2004;104(1):128-134. (Pubitemid 38879848)
28. Riley PW, Cheng H, Samuel D, Roder H, Walsh PN. Dimer dissociation and unfolding mechanism of coagulation factor XI apple 4 domain: spectroscopic and mutational analysis. J Mol Biol. 2007;367(2):558-573. (Pubitemid 46295425)
29. Saunders RE, Shiltagh N, Gomez K, et al. Structural analysis of eight novel and 112 previously reported missense mutations in the interactive FXI mutation database reveals new insight on FXI deficiency. Thromb Haemost. 2009;102(2):287-301.
30. Gailani D, Neff AT. Rare coagulation factor deficiencies. In: Hoffman H, Benz EJ, Shattil SJ, et al, eds. Hematology, Basic Principles and Practice, 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone-Elsevier; 2009:1939-1952.
31. Saito H, Ratnoff OD, Bouma BN, Seligsohn U. Failure to detect variant (CRM+) plasma thromboplastin antecedent (factor XI) molecules in hereditary plasma thromboplastin antecedent deficiency: a study of 125 patients of several ethnic backgrounds. J Lab Clin Med. 1985;106(6):718-722. (Pubitemid 16032515)
32. Wang X, Cheng Q, Xu L, et al. Effects of factor IX or factor XI deficiency on ferric chloride-induced carotid artery occlusion in mice. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3(4):695-702.
33. Renné T, Pozgajová M, Grüner S, et al. Defective thrombus formation in mice lacking coagulation factor XII. J Exp Med. 2005;202(2):271-281. (Pubitemid 41043823)
34. Doggen CJ, Rosendaal FR, Meijers JC. Levels of intrinsic coagulation factors and the risk of myocardial infarction among men: opposite and synergistic effects of factors XI and XII. Blood. 2006;108(13):4045-4051.
35. Tucker EI, Marzec UM, White TC, et al. Prevention of vascular graft occlusion and thrombus-associated thrombin generation by inhibition of factor XI. Blood. 2009;113(4):936-944.
36. Salomon O, Steinberg DM, Koren-Morag N, Tanne D, Seligsohn U. Reduced incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with severe factor XI deficiency. Blood. 2008;111(8):4113-4117.
37. Meijers JC, Tekelenburg WL, Bouma BN, Bertina RM, Rosendaal FR. High levels of coagulation factor XI as a risk factor for venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(10):696-701. (Pubitemid 30131422)
38. Kleinschnitz C, Stoll G, Bendszus M, et al. Targeting coagulation factor XII provides protection from pathological thrombosis in cerebral ischemia without interfering with hemostasis. J Exp Med. 2006;203(3):513-518.
39. Tucker EI, Gailani D, Hurst S, Cheng Q, Hanson SR, Gruber A. Survival advantage of coagulation factor XI-deficient mice during peritoneal sepsis. J Infect Dis. 2008;198(2):271-274. (Pubitemid 352019293)
40. Jin L, Pandey P, Babine RE, et al. Crystal structures of the FXIa catalytic domain in complex with ecotin mutants reveal substrate-like interactions. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(6):4704-4712. (Pubitemid 40288640)
41. Navaneetham D, Jin L, Pandey P, et al. Structural and mutational analyses of the molecular interactions between the catalytic domain of factor XIa and the Kunitz protease inhibitor domain of protease nexin 2. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(43):36165-36175. (Pubitemid 41633889)
42. Jin L, Pandey P, Babine RE, Weaver DT, Abdel-Meguid SS, Strickler JE. Mutation of surface residues to promote crystallization of activated factor XI as a complex with benzamidine: an essential step for the iterative structure-based design of factor XI inhibitors. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2005;61(10):1418-1425. (Pubitemid 43943143)
43. Samuel D, Cheng H, Riley PW, et al. Solution structure of the A4 domain of factor XI sheds light on the mechanism of zymogen activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(10):15693-15698.
44. Tordai H, Bányai L, Patthy L. The PAN module: the N-terminal domains of plasminogen and hepatocyte growth factor are homologous with the apple domains of the prekallikrein family and with a novel domain found in numerous nematode proteins. FEBS Lett. 1999;461(1):63-67.
45. Huizinga EG, Schouten A, Connolly TM, Kroon J, Sixma JJ, Gros P. The structure of leech antiplatelet protein, an inhibitor of haemostasis. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2001;57(8):1071-1078.
46. Brown PJ, Gill AC, Nugent PG, McVey JH, Tomley FM. Domains of invasion organelle proteins from apicomplexan parasites are homologous with the Apple domains of blood coagulation factor XI and plasma pre-kallikrein and are members of the PAN module superfamily. FEBS Lett. 2001;497(1):31-38.
47. Meijers JC, Mulvihill ER, Davie EW, Chung DW. Apple four in human blood coagulation factor XI mediates dimer formation. Biochemistry. 1992; 31(19):4680-4684.
48. Dorfman R, Walsh PN. Noncovalent interactions of the Apple 4 domain that mediate coagulation factor XI homodimerization. J Biol Chem. 2001; 276(9):6429-6438.
49. Cheng Q, Sun MF, Kravtsov DV, Aktimur A, Gailani D. Factor XI apple domains and protein dimerization. J Thromb Haemost. 2003;1(11):2340-2347.
50. Wu W, Sinha D, Shikov S, et al. Factor XI homodimer structure is essential for normal proteolytic activation by factor XIIa, thrombin, and factor XIa. J Biol Chem. 2008;283(27):18655-18664.
51. Zucker M, Zivelin A, Landau M, Rosenberg N, Seligsohn U. Three residues at the interface of factor XI (FXI) monomers augment covalent dimerization of FXI. J Thromb Haemost. 2009;7(6):97097-97105.
52. Bodó I, Katsumi A, Tuley E, Eikenboom J, Dong Z, Sadler J. Type I von Willebrand disease mutation Cys1149Arg causes intracellular retention and degradation of heterodimers: a possible mechanism for dominant mutations in oligomeric proteins. Blood. 2001;98(10):2973-2979.
53. Brennan S, Wyatt J, Medicina D, Callea F, George P. Fibrinogen brescia: hepatic endoplasmic reticulum storage and hypofibrinogenemia because of gamma 284 Gly → Arg mutation. Am J Pathol. 2000;157(1):189-196.
54. Kravtsov DV, Monahan PE, Gailani D.A classification system for cross-reactive material-negative factor XI deficiency. Blood. 2005;105(12):4671-4673.
55. Renné T, Gailani D, Meijers JC, Müller-Esterl W. Characterization of the H-kininogen-binding site on factor XI: a comparison of factor XI and plasma prekallikrein. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(7):4892-4899.
56. Renné T, Sugiyama A, Gailani D, Jahnen-Dechent W, Walter U, Müller-Esterl W. Fine mapping of the H-kininogen binding site in plasma prekallikrein apple domain 2. Int Immunopharmacol. 2002;2(13):1867-1873.
57. Baglia FA, Walsh PN. A binding site for thrombin in the apple 1 domain of factor XI. J Biol Chem. 1996;271(7):3652-3658.
58. Ho DH, Badellino K, Baglia FA, Walsh PN. A binding site for heparin in the apple 3 domain of factor XI. J Biol Chem. 1998;273(26):16382-16390.
59. Zhao M, Abdel-Razek T, Sun MF, Gailani D. Characterization of a heparin-binding site on the heavy chain of factor XI. J Biol Chem. 1998;273(47):31153-31159.
60. Badellino KO,Walsh PN. Localization of a heparin-binding site in the catalytic domain of factor XIa. Biochemistry. 2001;40:7569-7580.
61. Yang L, Sun MF, Gailani D, Rezaie AR. Characterization of a heparin-binding site on the catalytic domain of factor XIa: mechanism of heparin acceleration of factor XIa inhibition by the serpins antithrombin and C1-inhibitor. Biochemistry. 2009;48:1517-1524.
62. Sun Y, Gailani D. Identification of a factor IX binding site on the third apple domain of activated factor XI. J Biol Chem. 1996;271(46):29023-29028.
63. Sun MF, Zhao M, Gailani D. Identification of amino acids in the factor XI apple 3 domain required for activation of factor IX. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(51):36373-36378.
64. Baglia FA, Gailani D, López JA, Walsh PN. Identification of a binding site for glycoprotein Ib-alpha in the Apple 3 domain of factor XI. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(44):45470-45476.
65. Sainz IM, Pixley RA, Colman RW. Fifty years of research on the plasma kallikrein-kinin system: from protein structure and function to cell biology and in-vivo pathophysiology. Thromb Haemost. 2007;98(1):77-83.
66. Scott CF, Colman RW. Function and immunochemistry of prekallikrein-high molecular weight kininogen complex in plasma. J Clin Invest. 1980; 65(2):413-421.
67. Greengard JS, Heeb MJ, Ersdal E, Walsh PN, Griffin JH. Binding of coagulation factor XI to washed human platelets. Biochemistry. 1986;25(13):3884-3890.
68. Baglia FA, Jameson BA, Walsh PN. Identification and characterization of a binding site for platelets in the Apple 3 domain of coagulation factor XI. J Biol Chem. 1995;270(12):6734-6740.
69. Baglia FA, Gailani D, Lopez JA, Walsh PN. Identification of a binding site for glycoprotein Ibα in the apple 3 domain of factor XI. J Biol Chem. 2004; 279(44):45470-45476.
70. White-Adams TC, Berny MA, Tucker EI, et al. Identification of coagulation factor XI as a ligand for platelet apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29(10):1602-1607.
71. Baglia FA, Jameson BA, Walsh PN. Fine mapping of the high molecular weight kininogen binding site on blood coagulation factor XI through the use of rationally designed synthetic analogs. J Biol Chem. 1992;267(6):4247-4252.
72. Mitchell M, Harrington P, Cutler J, Rangarajan S, Savidge G, Alhaq A. Eighteen unrelated patients with factor XI deficiency, four novel mutations and a 100% detection rate by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. Br J Haematol. 2003;121(3):500-502.
73. O'Connell NM, Saunders RE, Lee CA, Perry DJ, Perkins SJ. Structural interpretation of 42 mutations causing factor XI deficiency using homology modeling. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3(1):127-138.
74. Katsuda I, Maruyama F, Ezaki K, Sawamura T, Ichihara Y. A new type of plasma prekallikrein deficiency associated with homozygosity for Gly104Arg and Asn124Ser in apple domain 2 of the heavy-chain region. Eur J Haematol. 2007;79(1):59-68.
75. Kravtsov DV, Matafonov A, Tucker EI, et al. Factor XI contributes to thrombin generation in the absence of factor XII. Blood. 2009;114(2):452-458.
76. von dem Borne PA, Mosnier LO, Tans G, Meijers JC, Bouma BN. Factor XI activation by meizothrombin: stimulation by phospholipid vesicles containing both phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Thromb Haemost. 1997;78(2):834-839.
77. Spronk HMH, Wilhelm S, Heemskerk H, et al. Feedback activation of factor XI by thrombin is essential for haemostasis in vivo. J Thromb Haemost. 2009;7[suppl 2]:Abstract PL-TU-003.
78. Pawlinski R, Pedersen B, Erlich J, Mackman N. Role of tissue factor in haemostasis, thrombosis, angiogenesis and inflammation: lessons from low tissue factor mice. Thromb Haemost. 2004;92(3):444-450. (Pubitemid 39248000)
79. Crawley JT, Zanardelli S, Chion CK, Lane DA. The central role of thrombin in hemostasis. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5[suppl 1]:95-101.
80. Yun TH, Baglia FA, Myles T, et al. Thrombin activation of factor XI on activated platelets requires the interaction of factor XI and platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha with thrombin anion-binding exosites I and II, respectively. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(48):48112-48119.
81. Matafonov A, Kravtsov DV, Tucker EI, et al. Factor XI contributes to thrombin generation in the absence of factor XIIa. Blood. 2008;112(11):1058a- 1059a.
82. Baglia FA, Jameson BA, Walsh PN. Identification and characterization of a binding site for factor XIIa in the Apple 4 domain of coagulation factor XI. J Biol Chem. 1993;268(6):3838-3844.
83. Smith SB, Verhamme IM, Sun MF, Bock PE, Gailani D. Characterization of novel forms of coagulation factor XIa: independence of factor XIa subunits in factor IX activation. J Biol Chem. 2008;283(11):6696-6705.
84. Wuillemin WA, Hack CE, Bleeker WK, Biemond BJ, Levi M, ten Cate H. Inactivation of factor XIa in vivo: studies in chimpanzees and in humans. Thromb Haemost. 1996;76(4):549-555.
85. Knauer DJ, Majumdar D, Fong PC, Knauer MF. SERPIN regulation of factor XIa: the novel observation that protease nexin 1 in the presence of heparin is a more potent inhibitor of factor XIa than C1 inhibitor. J Biol Chem. 2000;275(48):37340-37346.
86. Rezaie AR, Sun MF, Gailani D. Contributions of basic amino acids in the autolysis loop of factor XIa to serpin specificity. Biochemistry. 2006; 45(31):9427-9433.
87. Zhang J, Tu Y, Lu L, Lasky N, Broze GJ. Protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor deficiency produces a more severe murine phenotype than protein Z deficiency. Blood. 2008;111(10):4973-4978.
88. Smith RP, Higuchi DA, Broze GJ. Platelet coagulation factor XIa-inhibitor, a form of Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein. Science. 1990;248(4959):1126-1128.
89. Scandura JM, Zhang Y, Van Nostrand WE, Walsh PN. Progress curve analysis of the kinetics with which blood coagulation factor XIa is inhibited by protease nexin-2. Biochemistry. 1997;36(2):412-420.
90. Schmidt AE, Bajaj SP. Structure-function relationships in factor IX and factor IXa. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2003;13(1):39-45.
91. Osterud B, Rapaport SI. Activation of factor IX by the reaction product of tissue factor and factor VII: additional pathway for initiating blood coagulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977;74(12):5260-5264.
92. Bajaj SP, Rapaport SI, Russell WA. Redetermination of the rate-limiting step in the activation of factor IX by factor XIa and by factor VIIa/tissue factor: explanation for different electrophoretic radioactivity profiles obtained on activation of 3Hand 125I-labeled factor IX. Biochemistry. 1983;22(17):4047-4053.
93. Lawson JH, Mann KG. Cooperative activation of human factor IX by the human extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. J Biol Chem. 1991;266(17):11317- 11327.
94. Osterud B, Bouma BN, Griffin JH. Human blood coagulation factor IX: purification, properties, and mechanism of activation by activated factor XI. J Biol Chem. 1978;253(17):5946-5951.
95. Wolberg AS, Morris DP, Stafford DW. Factor IX activation by factor XIa proceeds without release of a free intermediate. Biochemistry. 1997;36(14):4074-4079.
96. Sinha D, Marcinkiewicz M, Navaneetham D, Walsh PN. Macromolecular substrate-binding exosites on both the heavy and light chains of factor XIa mediate the formation of the Michaelis complex required for factor IX-activation. Biochemistry. 2007;46(34):9830-9839.
97. Ogawa T, Verhamme IM, Sun MF, Bock PE, Gailani D. Exosite-mediated substrate recognition of factor IX by factor XIa: the factor XIa heavy chain is required for initial recognition of factor IX. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(25):23523- 23530. (Pubitemid 40884830)
98. Sinha D, Seaman FS, Walsh PN. Role of calcium ions and the heavy chain of factor XIa in the activation of human coagulation factor IX. Biochemistry. 1987;26(13):3768-3775. (Pubitemid 17127449)
99. Aktimur A, Gabriel MA, Gailani D, Toomey JR. The factor IX gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain is involved in interactions between factor IX and factor XIa. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(10):7981-7987. (Pubitemid 36800536)
100. Guella I, Soldà G, Spena S, et al. Molecular characterization of two novel mutations causing factor XI deficiency: a splicing defect and a missense mutation responsible for a CRM+ defect. Thromb Haemost. 2008;99(3):523-530. (Pubitemid 351549288)
101. Gailani D, Smith SB, Agah S, Bajaj SP. An analysis of cleavage of the factor IX activation sites by factor XIa. Blood. 2008;112(11):1060a.
102. Baglia FA, Shrimpton CN, Emsley J, et al. Factor XI interacts with the leucine-rich repeats of glycoprotein Ibalpha on the activated platelet. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(47):49323-49329. (Pubitemid 39625819)
103. Sun MF, Baglia FA, Ho D, et al. Defective binding of factor XI-N248 to activated human platelets. Blood. 2001;98(1):125-129.
104. Ho DH, Badellino K, Baglia FA, et al. The role of high molecular weight kininogen and prothrombin as cofactors in the binding of factor XI A3 domain to the platelet surface. J Biol Chem. 2000;275(33):25139-25145.
105. Sinha D, Seaman FS, Koshy A, Knight LC, Walsh PN. Blood coagulation factor XIa binds specifi- cally to a site on activated human platelets distinct from that for factor XI. J Clin Invest. 1984;73(6):1550-1556 (Pubitemid 14084470)
106. Miller TN, Sinha D, Baird TR, Walsh PN. A catalytic domain exosite (Cys527-542) in factor XIa mediates binding to a site on activated platelets. Biochemistry. 2007;46(50):14450-14460. (Pubitemid 350276352)
107. Bergmeier W, Chauhan AK, Wagner DD. Glycoprotein Ibalpha and von Willebrand factor in primary platelet adhesion and thrombus formation: lessons from mutant mice. Thromb Haemost. 2008;99(2):264-270.
108. Pennings MT, Derksen RH, van Lummel M, et al. Platelet adhesion to dimeric beta-glycoprotein I under conditions of flow is mediated by at least two receptors: glycoprotein Ibalpha and apolipoprotein E receptor 2′. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5(2):369-377.
109. Brenner B, Laor A, Lupo H, Zivelin A, Lanir N, Seligsohn U. Bleeding predictors in factor XI deficient patients. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 1997; 8(8):511-515.
110. Allen GA, Wolberg AS, Oliver JA, Hoffman M, Roberts HR, Monroe DM. Impact of procoagulant concentration on rate, peak, and total thrombin generation in a model system. J Thromb Haemost. 2004;2(3):402-413.