CMOS phased array transceiver technology for 60 GHz wireless applications

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

Volumn 58, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 1093-1104

  Fakharzadeh, Mohammad ^a   Nezhad Ahmadi, Mohammad Reza ^a   Biglarbegian, Behzad ^a   Ahmadi Shokouh, Javad ^b   Safavi Naeini, Safieddin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SISTAN AND BALUCHESTAN   (Iran)

Author keywords

60 GHz; Beam forming; CMOS; Millimeter wave; Phased array antenna

Indexed keywords

60 GHZ; ANALOG PHASE SHIFTER; BEAMFORMING METHODS; BEAMFORMING TECHNIQUE; CMOS TECHNOLOGY; FUNDAMENTAL LIMITS; HIGH-GAIN; INDOOR RADIO; KEY COMPONENT; LINE-OF-SIGHT; LINE-OF-SIGHT LINKS; LINEAR PHASE; LOW INSERTION LOSS; MULTIPATH SIGNALS; PHASE-SHIFTING; PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS; PHASED ARRAY RECEIVER; PHASED ARRAYS; PHYSICAL LAYERS; RECEIVER ARRAY; TWO STAGE; WIRELESS APPLICATION;

ANTENNAS; BEAMFORMING; CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; LOW NOISE AMPLIFIERS; MILLIMETER WAVE DEVICES; MILLIMETER WAVES; POWER CONVERTERS; TECHNOLOGY; WIRELESS NETWORKS;

ANTENNA PHASED ARRAYS;

EID: 77950807840     PISSN: 0018926X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2010.2041140     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. K. Ohata et al., "Sixty-GHz-band ultra-miniature monolithic T/R modules for multimedia wireless communication systems," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol.44, no.12, pp. 2354-2360, Dec. 1996.
2. S. Reynolds et al., "A silicon 60 GHz receiver and transmitter chipset for broadband communications," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.41, no.12, pp. 2820-2830, Dec. 2006.
3. S. E. Gunnarsson et al., "60 GHz single-chip front-end MMICs and systems for multi-Gb/s wireless communication," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.42, no.5, pp. 1143-1157, May 2007.
4. T. Mitomo et al., "A 60-GHz CMOS receiver front-end with frequency synthesizer," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.43, no.4, pp. 1030-1037, Apr. 2008.
5. C. H. Doan, S. Emami, A. M. Niknejad, and R. W. Brodersen, "Millimeter- wave CMOS design," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.40, no.1, pp. 144-155, Jan. 2005.
6. A. Babakhani et al., "A 77-GHz phased-array transceiver with on-chip antennas in silicon: Receiver and antennas," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.41, no.12, pp. 2795-2806, Dec. 2006.
7. B. Razavi, "Gadgets gab at 60 GHz," IEEE Spectrum, vol.45, no.2, pp. 46-58, Feb. 2008.
8. P. Smulders, "Exploiting the 60 GHz band for local wireless multimedia access: Prospects and future directions," Commun. Mag., IEEE, vol.40, no.1, pp. 140-147, Jan. 2002.
9. C. Park and T. Rappaport, "Short-range wireless communications for next-generation networks: UWB, 60 GHz millimeter-waveWPAN, and ZigBee," IEEE Wireless Commun., vol.14, no.4, pp. 70-78, Aug. 2007.
10. Wirelesshd Specification Version 1.0 Overview 2007 [Online]. Available: http://www.wirelesshd.org/WirelessHD-Full-Overview- 071009.pdf
11. B. Razavi, "A 60-GHz CMOS receiver front-end," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.41, no.1, pp. 17-22, Jan. 2006. (Pubitemid 43145958)
12. K. Scheir, S. Bronckers, J. Borremans, P.Wambacq, and Y. Rolain, "A 52 GHz phased-array receiver front-end in 90 nm digital CMOS," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.43, no.12, pp. 2651-2659, Dec. 2008.
13. S. R. Alberto Valdes-Garcia and J.-O. Plouchart, "60 GHz transmitter circuits in 65 nm CMOS," in Proc. IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symp., Jun. 2008, pp. 641-644.
14. A. P. M. Boers and N. Weste, "A 60 GHz transmitter in 0.18 μ silicon germanium," in Proc. Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications, Aug. 27-30, 2007, p. 36.
15. B. Razavi, "CMOS transceivers for the 60-GHz band," presented at the IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symp., Jun. 2006.
16. T. Manabe, Y. Miura, and T. Ihara, "Effects of antenna directivity and polarization on indoor multipath propagation characteristics at 60 GHz," IEEE J. Selec. Area Commun., vol.14, no.3, pp. 1441-1448, Apr. 1996. (Pubitemid 126561519)
17. C.-P. Lim, M. Lee, R. J. Burkholder, J. L. Volakis, and R. J. Marhefka, "60 GHz indoor propagation studies for wireless communications based on a Ray-tracing method," EURASIP J. Wireless Commun. Net., 2007, article ID 73928. (Pubitemid 46203018)
18. P. F. M. Smulders, C. F. Li, H. Yang, E. F. T. Martijn, and M. H. A. J. Herben, "60 GHz indoor radio propagation-Comparison of simulation and measurement results," presented at the IEEE 11th Symp. on Commun. and Veh. Technol., 2004.
19. B. Langen, G. Lober, and W. Herzig, "Reflection and transmission behaviour of building materials at 60 GHZ," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Commun., 1994, pp. 505-509.
20. L. M. Correia and P. O. Frances, "Estimation of materials characteristics from power measurements at 60 GHz," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Commun., 1994, pp. 510-513.
21. C. M. Alabaster, "Permittivity of human skin in millimetre wave band," Electron. Lett., vol.39, no.21, pp. 1521-1522, Oct. 2003, article ID 73928.
22. R. J. Mailloux, Phased Array Antenna Handbook-Chapter 1, 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Artech House, 2005.
23. H. Hashemi, X. Guan, A. Komijani, and A. Hajimiri, "A 24-GHz SiGe phased-array receiver LO phase-shifting approach," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol.53, no.2, pp. 614-626, Feb. 2005. (Pubitemid 40296461)
24. S. Raman, N. Barker, and G. Rebeiz, "A w-band dielectric-lens-based integrated monopulse radar receiver," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol.46, no.12, pp. 2308-2316, Dec. 1998. (Pubitemid 128738969)
25. R. Miura, T. Tanaka, I. Chiba, A. Horie, and Y. Karasawa, "Beamforming experiment with a DBF multibeam antenna in a mobile satellite environment," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.45, no.4, pp. 707-714, Apr. 1997. (Pubitemid 127770826)
26. M. Fakharzadeh, P. Mousavi, S. Safavi-Naeini, and S. H. Jamali, "The effects of imbalanced phase shifters loss on phased array gain," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol.7, pp. 192-196.
27. T. Zwick, D. Liu, and B. P. Gaucher, "Broadband planar superstrate antenna for integrated millimeterwave transceivers," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.54, no.10, pp. 2790-2796, Oct. 2006. (Pubitemid 44603858)
28. E. Ojefors, H. Kratz, K. Grenier, R. Plana, and A. Rydberg, "Micromachined loop antennas on low resistivity silicon substrates," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.54, no.12, pp. 3593-3601, Dec. 2006.
29. C. Karnfelt, P. Hallbjorner, H. Zirath, and A. Alping, "High gain active microstrip antenna for 60-GHz WLAN/WPANapplications," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol.54, no.6, pt. 2, pp. 2593-2603, Jun. 2006. (Pubitemid 46444923)
30. A. Lamminen, J. Saily, and A. R. Vimpari, "60-GHz patch antennas and arrays on LTCC with embedded-cavity substrates," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.56, no.9, pp. 2865-2874, Sep. 2006.
31. R. C. Johnson and H. Jasik, Antenna Engineering Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961.
32. J. R. James and P. S. Hall, Handbook of Microstrip Antennas. London, U.K.: Inst. Elec. Eng., 1989.
33. R. A. Alhalabi and G. M. Rebeiz, "High-efficiency angled-dipole antennas for millimeter-wave phased array applications," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.56, no.10, pp. 3136-3142, Oct. 2008.
34. B. Razavi, "A 60-GHz direct-conversion CMOS receiver," in IEEE ISSCC. Proc., Feb. 2005, pp. 400-401.
35. B. Heydari, P. Reynaert, E. Adabi, M. Bohsali, B. Afshar, M. A. Arbabian, and A. M. Niknejad, "A 60-GHz 90-nm CMOS cascode amplifier with interstage matching," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.42, no.12, pp. 2893-2904, Dec. 2007.
36. C.-M. Lo, C.-S. Lin, and H. Wang, "A miniature V-band 3-stage cascode LNA in 0.13 μCMOS," in IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2006, pp. 322-323.
37. M. R. Nezhad Ahmadi, B. Biglarbegian, H. Mirzaei, and S. Safavi- Naeini, "An optimum cascode topology for high gain micro/millimeter wave CMOS amplifier design," in Proc. Eur. Microwave Integrated Circuit Conf. (EuMIC), Netherlands, Oct. 2008, pp. 394-397.
38. B.-W. Min and G. M. Rebeiz, "Ka-band BiCMOS 4-bit phase shifter with integrated LNA for phased array T/R modules," in Proc. IEEE/ MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp., Jun. 2007, pp. 479-482.
39. S. Alalusi and R. Brodersen, "A 60 GHz phased array in CMOS," in Proc. IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conf., Sep. 2006, pp. 393-396.
40. K.-J. Koh and G. M. Rebeiz, "An X- and Ku-band 8-element linear phased array receiver," in Proc. IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conf., Sep. 2007, pp. 761-764.
41. R. V. F. Ellinger and W. Bächtold, "Ultracompact reflective-type phase shifter MMIC at C-band with 360? Phase-control range for smart antenna combining," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.37, no.4, pp. 481-486, Apr. 2002.
42. B. Biglarbegian, M. R. Nezhad-Ahmadi, M. Fakharzadeh, and S. Safavi-Naeini, "Millimeter-wave reflective-type phase shifter in CMOS technology," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol.19, no.9, pp. 560-562, Sep. 2009.
43. H. Zarei and D. J. Allstot, "A low-loss phase shifter in 180 nm CMOS for multiple-antenna receivers," in Proc. IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf., Feb. 2004, pp. 382-534.
44. C. S. Lin, S. F. Chang, C. C. Chang, and Y. H. Shu, "Design of a reflection-type phase shifter with wide relative phase shift and constant insertion loss," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol.55, no.9, pp. 1862-1868, Sep. 2007.
45. M. Fakharzadeh, S. H. Jamali, P. Mousavi, and S. Safavi-Naeini, "Fast beamforming for mobile satellite receiver phased arrays: Theory and experiment," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.57, no.6, pp. 1645-1654, Jun. 2009.
46. P. Mousavi, M. Fakharzadeh, S. H. Jamali, K. Narimani, M. Hossu, H. Bolandhemmat, and S. Safavi-Naeini, "A low-cost ultra low profile phased array system for mobile satellite reception using zero-knowledge beam-forming algorithm," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.56, no.12, pp. 3667-3679, Dec. 2008.
47. H. Bolandhemmat, M. Fakharzadeh, P. Mousavi, S. H. Jamali, G. Rafi, and S. Safavi-Naeini, "Active stabilization of vehicle-mounted phased-array antennas," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol.58, no.6, pp. 2638-2650, Jul. 2009.