메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 42, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 9-19

Management and monitoring of anticoagulation for children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery

Author keywords

Anticoagulation; Cardiopulmonary bypass; Homeostasis; Pediatrics

Indexed keywords

ANTITHROMBIN; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 8; HEPARIN; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; PROTAMINE; PROTEIN C; PROTEIN S; THROMBIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR;

EID: 77950802426     PISSN: 00221058     EISSN: 29698960     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (42)

References (129)
  • 1
    • 28944443663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombosis in children with BT shunts, Glenns and Fontans
    • Monagle P. Thrombosis in children with BT shunts, Glenns and Fontans. Prog Pediatr Cardiol. 2005;21:17-21.
    • (2005) Prog Pediatr Cardiol , vol.21 , pp. 17-21
    • Monagle, P.1
  • 2
    • 34548688930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated risk of thrombosis in neonates undergoing initial palliative cardiac surgery
    • Cholette JM, Rubenstein JS, Alfieris GM, et al. Elevated risk of thrombosis in neonates undergoing initial palliative cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;84:1320-1325.
    • (2007) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.84 , pp. 1320-1325
    • Cholette, J.M.1    Rubenstein, J.S.2    Alfieris, G.M.3
  • 3
    • 33645579620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental haemostasis. Impact for clinical haemostasis laboratories
    • Monagle P, Barnes C, Ignjatovic V, et al. Developmental haemostasis. Impact for clinical haemostasis laboratories. Thromb Haemost. 2006;95:362-372.
    • (2006) Thromb Haemost , vol.95 , pp. 362-372
    • Monagle, P.1    Barnes, C.2    Ignjatovic, V.3
  • 5
    • 5444229752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the activated clotting time during cardiopulmonary bypass: Differences between HemoTec ACT and Hemochron Jr apparatus
    • Svenmarker S, Appelblad M, Jansson E, Haggmark S. Measurement of the activated clotting time during cardiopulmonary bypass: Differences between HemoTec ACT and Hemochron Jr apparatus. Perfusion. 2004;19:289-294.
    • (2004) Perfusion , vol.19 , pp. 289-294
    • Svenmarker, S.1    Appelblad, M.2    Jansson, E.3    Haggmark, S.4
  • 7
    • 15444341280 scopus 로고
    • A reappraisal of anticoagulation and heparin neutralization for cardiopulmonary bypass in pediatrics
    • Eisenkraft JB, ed. San Antonio, TX: Dannemiller Memorial Education Foundation
    • Shayevitz JR, O'Kelley SW. A reappraisal of anticoagulation and heparin neutralization for cardiopulmonary bypass in pediatrics. In: Eisenkraft JB, ed. Progress in Anesthesiology. San Antonio, TX: Dannemiller Memorial Education Foundation; 1995:275-296.
    • (1995) Progress in Anesthesiology , pp. 275-296
    • Shayevitz, J.R.1    O'Kelley, S.W.2
  • 8
    • 0032954238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Platelet hyporeactivity in young infants during cardiopulmonary bypass
    • Ichinose F, Uezono S, Muto R, et al. Platelet hyporeactivity in young infants during cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg. 1999;88: 258-262.
    • (1999) Anesth Analg , vol.88 , pp. 258-262
    • Ichinose, F.1    Uezono, S.2    Muto, R.3
  • 10
    • 0031425530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring and management of anticoagulation in children requiring extracorporeal circulation
    • Malviya S. Monitoring and management of anticoagulation in children requiring extracorporeal circulation. Semin Thromb Hemost. 1997;23:563-567.
    • (1997) Semin Thromb Hemost , vol.23 , pp. 563-567
    • Malviya, S.1
  • 11
    • 0026785646 scopus 로고
    • Coagulation defects in neonates during cardiopulmonary bypass
    • Kern FH, Morana NJ, Sears JJ, Hickey PR. Coagulation defects in neonates during cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg. 1992;54:541-546.
    • (1992) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.54 , pp. 541-546
    • Kern, F.H.1    Morana, N.J.2    Sears, J.J.3    Hickey, P.R.4
  • 12
    • 0025301753 scopus 로고
    • Loss of membrane phospholipid asymmetry in platelets and red cells may be associated with calcium-induced shedding of plasma membrane and inhibition of aminophospholipid translocase
    • Comfurius P, Senden JM, Tilly RH, Schroit AJ, Bevers EM, Zwaal RF. Loss of membrane phospholipid asymmetry in platelets and red cells may be associated with calcium-induced shedding of plasma membrane and inhibition of aminophospholipid translocase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990;1026:153-160.
    • (1990) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1026 , pp. 153-160
    • Comfurius, P.1    Senden, J.M.2    Tilly, R.H.3    Schroit, A.J.4    Bevers, E.M.5    Zwaal, R.F.6
  • 13
    • 0024325249 scopus 로고
    • Assembly of the platelet prothrombinase complex is linked to vesiculation of the platelet plasma membrane. Studies in Scott syndrome: An isolated defect in platelet procoagulant activity
    • Sims PJ, Wiedmer T, Esmon CT, Weiss HJ, Shattil SJ. Assembly of the platelet prothrombinase complex is linked to vesiculation of the platelet plasma membrane. Studies in Scott syndrome: An isolated defect in platelet procoagulant activity. J Biol Chem. 1989;264: 17049-17057.
    • (1989) J Biol Chem , vol.264 , pp. 17049-17057
    • Sims, P.J.1    Wiedmer, T.2    Esmon, C.T.3    Weiss, H.J.4    Shattil, S.J.5
  • 14
    • 0031057652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coagulation and fibrinolytic profile of paediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass
    • Chan AK, Leaker M, Burrows FA, et al. Coagulation and fibrinolytic profile of paediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Thromb Haemost. 1997;77:270-277.
    • (1997) Thromb Haemost , vol.77 , pp. 270-277
    • Chan, A.K.1    Leaker, M.2    Burrows, F.A.3
  • 15
    • 0342953146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of hemostasis during cardiopulmonary bypass and pediatric aprotinin dosage
    • discussion S1, S74-6
    • Mossinger H, Dietrich W. Activation of hemostasis during cardiopulmonary bypass and pediatric aprotinin dosage. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;65:S45-50; discussion S1, S74-6.
    • (1998) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.65
    • Mossinger, H.1    Dietrich, W.2
  • 16
    • 0028897194 scopus 로고
    • Complement activation and release of tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-2, interleukin- 6 and soluble tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-2 receptors during and after cardiopulmonary bypass in children
    • Saatvedt K, Lindberg H, Geiran OR, et al. Complement activation and release of tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-2, interleukin- 6 and soluble tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-2 receptors during and after cardiopulmonary bypass in children. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1995;55:79-86.
    • (1995) Scand J Clin Lab Invest , vol.55 , pp. 79-86
    • Saatvedt, K.1    Lindberg, H.2    Geiran, O.R.3
  • 17
    • 0033818293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticoagulation of children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass is overestimated by current monitoring techniques
    • Owings JT, Pollock ME, Gosselin RC, Ireland K, Jahr JS, Larkin EC. Anticoagulation of children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass is overestimated by current monitoring techniques. Arch Surg. 2000;135:1042-1047.
    • (2000) Arch Surg , vol.135 , pp. 1042-1047
    • Owings, J.T.1    Pollock, M.E.2    Gosselin, R.C.3    Ireland, K.4    Jahr, J.S.5    Larkin, E.C.6
  • 18
    • 34249750010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased thrombogenesity in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease
    • Kajimoto H, Nakazawa M, Murasaki K, et al. Increased thrombogenesity in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Circ J. 2007;71:948-953.
    • (2007) Circ J , vol.71 , pp. 948-953
    • Kajimoto, H.1    Nakazawa, M.2    Murasaki, K.3
  • 19
    • 0037961259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unexpected persistence of platelet hyporeactivity beyond the neonatal period: A flow cytometric study in neonates, infants and older children
    • Hezard N, Potron G, Schlegel N, Amory C, Leroux B, Nguyen P. Unexpected persistence of platelet hyporeactivity beyond the neonatal period: A flow cytometric study in neonates, infants and older children. Thromb Haemost. 2003;90:116-123.
    • (2003) Thromb Haemost , vol.90 , pp. 116-123
    • Hezard, N.1    Potron, G.2    Schlegel, N.3    Amory, C.4    Leroux, B.5    Nguyen, P.6
  • 20
    • 0019180607 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of abnormal bleeding in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: Acquired transient platelet dysfunction associated with selective alpha-granule release
    • Harker LA, Malpass TW, Branson HE, Hessel EA II, Slichter SJ. Mechanism of abnormal bleeding in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: Acquired transient platelet dysfunction associated with selective alpha-granule release. Blood. 1980;56:824-834.
    • (1980) Blood , vol.56 , pp. 824-834
    • Harker, L.A.1    Malpass, T.W.2    Branson, H.E.3    Hessel II, E.A.4    Slichter, S.J.5
  • 21
    • 0028029042 scopus 로고
    • Platelet-leukocyte activation and modulation of adhesion receptors in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass
    • Rinder CS, Gaal D, Student LA, Smith BR. Platelet-leukocyte activation and modulation of adhesion receptors in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994;107:280-288.
    • (1994) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.107 , pp. 280-288
    • Rinder, C.S.1    Gaal, D.2    Student, L.A.3    Smith, B.R.4
  • 23
    • 5344266145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary bypass after 50 years
    • Edmunds LH. Cardiopulmonary bypass after 50 years. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1603-1606.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 1603-1606
    • Edmunds, L.H.1
  • 24
    • 0037312501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass
    • Levy JH, Tanaka KA. Inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:S715-20.
    • (2003) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.75
    • Levy, J.H.1    Tanaka, K.A.2
  • 25
    • 0035004605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue injury and the inflammatory response to pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: A descriptive study
    • discussion 5A
    • Chew MS, Brandslund I, Brix-Christensen V, et al. Tissue injury and the inflammatory response to pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: A descriptive study. Anesthesiology 2001;94:745- 53; discussion 5A.
    • (2001) Anesthesiology , vol.94 , pp. 745-753
    • Chew, M.S.1    Brandslund, I.2    Brix-Christensen, V.3
  • 27
    • 0029958171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory reaction and capillary leak syndrome related to cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates undergoing cardiac operations
    • Seghaye MC, Grabitz RG, Duchateau J, et al. Inflammatory reaction and capillary leak syndrome related to cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates undergoing cardiac operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1996;112:687-697.
    • (1996) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.112 , pp. 687-697
    • Seghaye, M.C.1    Grabitz, R.G.2    Duchateau, J.3
  • 29
    • 1442275654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in hemostasis during pediatric heart surgery: Impact of a biocompatible heparincoated perfusion system
    • Jensen E, Andreasson S, Bengtsson A, et al. Changes in hemostasis during pediatric heart surgery: Impact of a biocompatible heparincoated perfusion system. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;77:962-967.
    • (2004) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.77 , pp. 962-967
    • Jensen, E.1    Andreasson, S.2    Bengtsson, A.3
  • 30
    • 0026347988 scopus 로고
    • The contribution of fibrinolysis to postbypass bleeding
    • Spiess BD. The contribution of fibrinolysis to postbypass bleeding. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1991;5:13-17.
    • (1991) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth , vol.5 , pp. 13-17
    • Spiess, B.D.1
  • 31
    • 0032169605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between age and blood loss in children undergoing open heart operations
    • discussion 5-6
    • Williams GD, Bratton SL, Riley EC, Ramamoorthy C. Association between age and blood loss in children undergoing open heart operations. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;66:870-5, discussion 5-6.
    • (1998) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.66 , pp. 870-875
    • Williams, G.D.1    Bratton, S.L.2    Riley, E.C.3    Ramamoorthy, C.4
  • 32
    • 0023179188 scopus 로고
    • Development of the human coagulation system in the full-term infant
    • Andrew M, Paes B, Milner R, et al. Development of the human coagulation system in the full-term infant. Blood. 1987;70:165-172.
    • (1987) Blood , vol.70 , pp. 165-172
    • Andrew, M.1    Paes, B.2    Milner, R.3
  • 33
    • 0025266246 scopus 로고
    • Development of the hemostatic system in the neonate and young infant
    • Andrew M, Paes B, Johnston M. Development of the hemostatic system in the neonate and young infant. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1990;12:95-104.
    • (1990) Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol , vol.12 , pp. 95-104
    • Andrew, M.1    Paes, B.2    Johnston, M.3
  • 34
    • 0023787137 scopus 로고
    • Development of the human coagulation system in the healthy premature infant
    • Andrew M, Paes B, Milner R, et al. Development of the human coagulation system in the healthy premature infant. Blood. 1988;72: 1651-1657.
    • (1988) Blood , vol.72 , pp. 1651-1657
    • Andrew, M.1    Paes, B.2    Milner, R.3
  • 35
    • 0025941122 scopus 로고
    • Alpha-2-macroglobulin may provide protection from thromboembolic events in antithrombin III-deficient children
    • Mitchell L, Piovella F, Ofosu F, Andrew M. Alpha-2-macroglobulin may provide protection from thromboembolic events in antithrombin III-deficient children. Blood. 1991;78:2299-2304.
    • (1991) Blood , vol.78 , pp. 2299-2304
    • Mitchell, L.1    Piovella, F.2    Ofosu, F.3    Andrew, M.4
  • 36
    • 0025279780 scopus 로고
    • Neonatal plasminogen displays altered cell surface binding and activation kinetics. Correlation with increased glycosylation of the protein
    • Edelberg JM, Enghild JJ, Pizzo SV, Gonzalez-Gronow M. Neonatal plasminogen displays altered cell surface binding and activation kinetics. Correlation with increased glycosylation of the protein. J Clin Invest. 1990;86:107-112.
    • (1990) J Clin Invest , vol.86 , pp. 107-112
    • Edelberg, J.M.1    Enghild, J.J.2    Pizzo, S.V.3    Gonzalez-Gronow, M.4
  • 37
    • 0028625312 scopus 로고
    • Thrombin regulation in children differs from adults in the absence and presence of heparin
    • Andrew M, Mitchell L, Vegh P, Ofosu F. Thrombin regulation in children differs from adults in the absence and presence of heparin. Thromb Haemost. 1994;72:836-842.
    • (1994) Thromb Haemost , vol.72 , pp. 836-842
    • Andrew, M.1    Mitchell, L.2    Vegh, P.3    Ofosu, F.4
  • 38
    • 47949110672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbances of coagulation in neonates with functionally univentricular physiology prior to the first stage of surgical reconstruction
    • Hakacova N, Laluhova-Striezencova Z, Zahorec M. Disturbances of coagulation in neonates with functionally univentricular physiology prior to the first stage of surgical reconstruction. Cardiol Young. 2008;18:397-401.
    • (2008) Cardiol Young , vol.18 , pp. 397-401
    • Hakacova, N.1    Laluhova-Striezencova, Z.2    Zahorec, M.3
  • 39
    • 35848959489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspects of bleeding after cardiac surgery in children
    • McEwan A. Aspects of bleeding after cardiac surgery in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2007;17:1126-1133.
    • (2007) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.17 , pp. 1126-1133
    • McEwan, A.1
  • 40
    • 0030030218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfusion patterns in pediatric open heart surgery
    • Chambers LA, Cohen DM, Davis JT. Transfusion patterns in pediatric open heart surgery. Transfusion. 1996;36:150-154.
    • (1996) Transfusion , vol.36 , pp. 150-154
    • Chambers, L.A.1    Cohen, D.M.2    Davis, J.T.3
  • 41
    • 37549005191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood transfusions in children: A multi-institutional analysis of practices and complications
    • Slonim AD, Joseph JG, Turenne WM, Sharangpani A, Luban NL. Blood transfusions in children: A multi-institutional analysis of practices and complications. Transfusion. 2008;48:73-80.
    • (2008) Transfusion , vol.48 , pp. 73-80
    • Slonim, A.D.1    Joseph, J.G.2    Turenne, W.M.3    Sharangpani, A.4    Luban, N.L.5
  • 42
    • 0033014430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with blood loss and blood product transfusions: A multivariate analysis in children after open-heart surgery
    • Williams GD, Bratton SL, Ramamoorthy C. Factors associated with blood loss and blood product transfusions: A multivariate analysis in children after open-heart surgery. Anesth Analg. 1999;89:57-64.
    • (1999) Anesth Analg , vol.89 , pp. 57-64
    • Williams, G.D.1    Bratton, S.L.2    Ramamoorthy, C.3
  • 43
    • 0025972274 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the hemostatic effects of fresh whole blood, stored whole blood, and components after open heart surgery in children
    • Manno CS, Hedberg KW, Kim HC, et al. Comparison of the hemostatic effects of fresh whole blood, stored whole blood, and components after open heart surgery in children. Blood. 1991;77:930-936.
    • (1991) Blood , vol.77 , pp. 930-936
    • Manno, C.S.1    Hedberg, K.W.2    Kim, H.C.3
  • 44
    • 57949104572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstituted fresh whole blood improves clinical outcomes compared to stored component blood therapy for neonates undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial
    • Gruenwald C, McCrindle BW, Crawford LE, et al. Reconstituted fresh whole blood improves clinical outcomes compared to stored component blood therapy for neonates undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery. 2008;136:1442-1449.
    • (2008) Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery , vol.136 , pp. 1442-1449
    • Gruenwald, C.1    McCrindle, B.W.2    Crawford, L.E.3
  • 46
    • 40949102607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration of red-cell storage and complications after cardiac surgery
    • Koch CG, Li L, Sessler DI, et al. Duration of red-cell storage and complications after cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1229-1239.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 1229-1239
    • Koch, C.G.1    Li, L.2    Sessler, D.I.3
  • 47
    • 0033983135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemostatic parameters and platelet activation marker expression in cyanotic and acyanotic pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the presence of tranexamic acid
    • Levin E, Wu J, Devine DV, et al. Hemostatic parameters and platelet activation marker expression in cyanotic and acyanotic pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the presence of tranexamic acid. Thromb Haemost. 2000;83:54-59.
    • (2000) Thromb Haemost , vol.83 , pp. 54-59
    • Levin, E.1    Wu, J.2    Devine, D.V.3
  • 49
    • 0028008663 scopus 로고
    • Venous thromboembolic complications (VTE) in children: First analyses of the Canadian Registry of VTE
    • Andrew M, David M, Adams M, et al. Venous thromboembolic complications (VTE) in children: First analyses of the Canadian Registry of VTE. Blood. 1994;83:1251-1257.
    • (1994) Blood , vol.83 , pp. 1251-1257
    • Andrew, M.1    David, M.2    Adams, M.3
  • 50
    • 0028805001 scopus 로고
    • Neonatal thrombosis: Report of a prospective Canadian and international registry
    • Schmidt B, Andrew M. Neonatal thrombosis: Report of a prospective Canadian and international registry. Pediatrics. 1995;96:939-943.
    • (1995) Pediatrics , vol.96 , pp. 939-943
    • Schmidt, B.1    Andrew, M.2
  • 53
    • 70349729990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dramatic increase in venous thromboembolism in children's hospitals in the United States from 2001 to 2007
    • Raffini L, Huang YS, Witmer C, Feudtner C. Dramatic increase in venous thromboembolism in children's hospitals in the United States from 2001 to 2007. Pediatrics. 2009;124:1001-1008.
    • (2009) Pediatrics , vol.124 , pp. 1001-1008
    • Raffini, L.1    Huang, Y.S.2    Witmer, C.3    Feudtner, C.4
  • 54
    • 43449129478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombosis in children with cardiac pathology: Analysis of acquired and inherited risk factors
    • Alioglu B, Avci Z, Tokel K, Atac FB, Ozbek N. Thrombosis in children with cardiac pathology: Analysis of acquired and inherited risk factors. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2008;19:294-304.
    • (2008) Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis , vol.19 , pp. 294-304
    • Alioglu, B.1    Avci, Z.2    Tokel, K.3    Atac, F.B.4    Ozbek, N.5
  • 55
    • 61649091832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of and risk factors for childhood thrombosis: A single-center experience in Ankara, Turkey
    • Ozbek N, Alioglu B, Avci Z, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for childhood thrombosis: A single-center experience in Ankara, Turkey. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2009;26:11-29.
    • (2009) Pediatr Hematol Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 11-29
    • Ozbek, N.1    Alioglu, B.2    Avci, Z.3
  • 57
    • 0037704209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history of venous thromboembolism
    • Kearon C. Natural history of venous thromboembolism. Circulation. 2003;107:I22-30.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107
    • Kearon, C.1
  • 62
    • 0041363285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of venous thromboembolism in children
    • Male C, Kuhle S, Mitchell L. Diagnosis of venous thromboembolism in children. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2003;29:377-390.
    • (2003) Semin Thromb Hemost , vol.29 , pp. 377-390
    • Male, C.1    Kuhle, S.2    Mitchell, L.3
  • 63
    • 0033162692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis
    • Prandoni P, Bernardi E. Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 1999;5:222-226.
    • (1999) Curr Opin Pulm Med , vol.5 , pp. 222-226
    • Prandoni, P.1    Bernardi, E.2
  • 64
    • 34250336361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for recurrent venous thromboembolism in the European collaborative paediatric database on cerebral venous thrombosis: A multicentre cohort study
    • Kenet G, Kirkham F, Niederstadt T, et al. Risk factors for recurrent venous thromboembolism in the European collaborative paediatric database on cerebral venous thrombosis: A multicentre cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:595-603.
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 595-603
    • Kenet, G.1    Kirkham, F.2    Niederstadt, T.3
  • 65
    • 0347361457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombosis in pediatric cardiac patients
    • Monagle P. Thrombosis in pediatric cardiac patients. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2003;29:547-555.
    • (2003) Semin Thromb Hemost , vol.29 , pp. 547-555
    • Monagle, P.1
  • 67
    • 0035833493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children
    • deVeber G, Andrew M, Adams C, et al. Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:417-423.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 417-423
    • DeVeber, G.1    Andrew, M.2    Adams, C.3
  • 68
    • 0034084410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurologic outcome in survivors of childhood arterial ischemic stroke and sinovenous thrombosis
    • deVeber GA, MacGregor D, Curtis R, Mayank S. Neurologic outcome in survivors of childhood arterial ischemic stroke and sinovenous thrombosis. J Child Neurol. 2000;15:316-324.
    • (2000) J Child Neurol , vol.15 , pp. 316-324
    • DeVeber, G.A.1    MacGregor, D.2    Curtis, R.3    Mayank, S.4
  • 69
    • 4444351161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated plasma factor VIII and D-dimer levels as predictors of poor outcomes of thrombosis in children
    • DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa040161
    • Goldenberg NA, Knapp-Clevenger R, Manco-Johnson MJ. Elevated plasma factor VIII and D-dimer levels as predictors of poor outcomes of thrombosis in children. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1081-1088. (Pubitemid 39167512)
    • (2004) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.351 , Issue.11 , pp. 1081-1088
    • Goldenberg, N.A.1    Knapp-Clevenger, R.2    Manco-Johnson, M.J.3
  • 70
    • 44949154523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of risk factors for deep venous thrombosis in hospitalized children
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.02.036, PII S0022346808001735
    • Vu LT, Nobuhara KK, Lee H, Farmer DL. Determination of risk factors for deep venous thrombosis in hospitalized children. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43:1095-1099. (Pubitemid 351814911)
    • (2008) Journal of Pediatric Surgery , vol.43 , Issue.6 , pp. 1095-1099
    • Vu, L.T.1    Nobuhara, K.K.2    Lee, H.3    Farmer, D.L.4
  • 71
    • 34548231665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Significant Negative Impact of In-Hospital Venous Thromboembolism after Cardiovascular Procedures
    • DOI 10.1016/j.avsg.2007.03.027, PII S0890509607001896
    • Henke P, Froehlich J, Upchurch G Jr, Wakefield T. The significant negative impact of in-hospital venous thromboembolism after cardiovascular procedures. Ann Vasc Surg. 2007;21:545-550. (Pubitemid 47333057)
    • (2007) Annals of Vascular Surgery , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 545-550
    • Henke, P.1    Froehlich, J.2    Upchurch Jr., G.3    Wakefield, T.4
  • 72
    • 0037250721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for long intensive care unit stay after cardiopulmonary bypass in children
    • DOI 10.1097/00003246-200301000-00004
    • Brown KL, Ridout DA, Goldman AP, Hoskote A, Penny DJ. Risk factors for long intensive care unit stay after cardiopulmonary bypass in children. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:28-33. (Pubitemid 36151145)
    • (2003) Critical Care Medicine , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 28-33
    • Brown, K.L.1    Ridout, D.A.2    Goldman, A.P.3    Hoskote, A.4    Penny, D.J.5
  • 74
    • 0013156684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Venous thromboembolism in pediatrics
    • Anton N, Massicotte MP. Venous thromboembolism in pediatrics. Semin Vasc Med. 2001;1:111-122.
    • (2001) Semin Vasc Med , vol.1 , pp. 111-122
    • Anton, N.1    Massicotte, M.P.2
  • 75
    • 0034049880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of pediatric thromboembolic disease: A report from the Canadian Childhood Thrombophilia Registry
    • Monagle P, Adams M, Mahoney M, et al. Outcome of pediatric thromboembolic disease: A report from the Canadian Childhood Thrombophilia Registry. Pediatr Res. 2000;47:763-766.
    • (2000) Pediatr Res , vol.47 , pp. 763-766
    • Monagle, P.1    Adams, M.2    Mahoney, M.3
  • 78
    • 34447645672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children undergoing cardiac surgery for complex cardiac defects show imbalance between pro- and anti-thrombotic activity
    • Heying R, van Oeveren W, Wilhelm S, et al. Children undergoing cardiac surgery for complex cardiac defects show imbalance between pro- and anti-thrombotic activity. Crit Care. 2006;10:R165.
    • (2006) Crit Care , vol.10
    • Heying, R.1    Van Oeveren, W.2    Wilhelm, S.3
  • 79
    • 67349230795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extra-corporeal life support following cardiac surgery in children: Analysis of risk factors and survival in a single institution
    • discussion 11
    • Alsoufi B, Al-Radi OO, Gruenwald C, et al. Extra-corporeal life support following cardiac surgery in children: Analysis of risk factors and survival in a single institution. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2009;35:1004-1011, discussion 11.
    • (2009) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.35 , pp. 1004-1011
    • Alsoufi, B.1    Al-Radi, O.O.2    Gruenwald, C.3
  • 80
    • 0002806921 scopus 로고
    • Preparation of heparin and its use in the first clinical cases
    • Best CH. Preparation of heparin and its use in the first clinical cases. Circulation. 1959;19:79-86.
    • (1959) Circulation , vol.19 , pp. 79-86
    • Best, C.H.1
  • 81
    • 70449312968 scopus 로고
    • The physiological aspects of extracorporeal circulation
    • Hudson WA. The physiological aspects of extracorporeal circulation. Br J Anaesth. 1959;31:378-392.
    • (1959) Br J Anaesth , vol.31 , pp. 378-392
    • Hudson, W.A.1
  • 82
    • 0002530711 scopus 로고
    • The discovery of heparin
    • Mclean J. The discovery of heparin. Circulation. 1959;19:75-78.
    • (1959) Circulation , vol.19 , pp. 75-78
    • Mclean, J.1
  • 83
    • 4344662850 scopus 로고
    • Bleeding after perfusion for open heart surgery. Importance of unneutralized heparin and its proper correction
    • Rothnie NG, Kinmonth JB. Bleeding after perfusion for open heart surgery. Importance of unneutralized heparin and its proper correction. BMJ. 1960;1:73-78.
    • (1960) BMJ , vol.1 , pp. 73-78
    • Rothnie, N.G.1    Kinmonth, J.B.2
  • 84
    • 33751288115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombin during cardiopulmonary bypass
    • Edmunds LH Jr, Colman RW. Thrombin during cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;82:2315-2322.
    • (2006) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.82 , pp. 2315-2322
    • Edmunds Jr., L.H.1    Colman, R.W.2
  • 86
    • 0013970423 scopus 로고
    • Must heparin be neutralized following open-heart operations?
    • Castaneda AR. Must heparin be neutralized following open-heart operations? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1966;52:716-724.
    • (1966) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.52 , pp. 716-724
    • Castaneda, A.R.1
  • 87
    • 73849165114 scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates
    • Roberts KD. Cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates. BMJ. 1962;1: 1183-1185.
    • (1962) BMJ , vol.1 , pp. 1183-1185
    • Roberts, K.D.1
  • 88
    • 0014273778 scopus 로고
    • Reduced protamine dosage for heparin neutralization in open-heart operations
    • Berger RL, Ramaswamy K, Ryan TJ. Reduced protamine dosage for heparin neutralization in open-heart operations. Circulation. 1968;37:II154-7.
    • (1968) Circulation , vol.37
    • Berger, R.L.1    Ramaswamy, K.2    Ryan, T.J.3
  • 90
    • 0017327631 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of intraoperative heparinization and blood loss following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
    • Babka R, Colby C, El-Etr A, Pifarre R. Monitoring of intraoperative heparinization and blood loss following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1977;73:780-782. (Pubitemid 8088441)
    • (1977) Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery , vol.73 , Issue.5 , pp. 780-782
    • Babka, R.1    Colby, C.2    El Etr, A.3    Pifarre, R.4
  • 91
    • 0014004037 scopus 로고
    • Activated coagulation time of whole blood
    • Hattersley PG. Activated coagulation time of whole blood. JAMA. 1966;196:436-440.
    • (1966) JAMA , vol.196 , pp. 436-440
    • Hattersley, P.G.1
  • 92
    • 0016808488 scopus 로고
    • Heparin therapy during extracorporeal circulation. I. Problems inherent in existing heparin protocols
    • Bull BS, Korpman RA, Huse WM, Briggs BD. Heparin therapy during extracorporeal circulation. I. Problems inherent in existing heparin protocols. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1975;69:674-684.
    • (1975) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.69 , pp. 674-684
    • Bull, B.S.1    Korpman, R.A.2    Huse, W.M.3    Briggs, B.D.4
  • 93
    • 0016737841 scopus 로고
    • Heparin therapy during extracorporeal circulation. II. The use of a dose-response curve to individualize heparin and protamine dosage
    • Bull BS, Huse WM, Brauer FS, Korpman RA. Heparin therapy during extracorporeal circulation. II. The use of a dose-response curve to individualize heparin and protamine dosage. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1975;69:685-689.
    • (1975) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.69 , pp. 685-689
    • Bull, B.S.1    Huse, W.M.2    Brauer, F.S.3    Korpman, R.A.4
  • 94
    • 0018135359 scopus 로고
    • Adequate anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass determined by activated clotting time and the appearance of fibrin monomer
    • Young JA, Kisker CT, Doty DB. Adequate anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass determined by activated clotting time and the appearance of fibrin monomer. Ann Thorac Surg. 1978;26:231-240.
    • (1978) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.26 , pp. 231-240
    • Young, J.A.1    Kisker, C.T.2    Doty, D.B.3
  • 95
    • 0021022178 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of anticoagulant therapy during open heart surgery in children with congenital heart disease
    • Jumean HG, Sudah F. Monitoring of anticoagulant therapy during open-heart surgery in children with congenital heart disease. Acta Haematol. 1983;70:392-395. (Pubitemid 14248250)
    • (1983) Acta Haematologica , vol.70 , Issue.6 , pp. 392-395
    • Jumean, H.G.1    Sudah, F.2
  • 96
    • 0019507126 scopus 로고
    • Use of activated clotting time for monitoring anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children with congenital heart disease
    • Litwin SB, Mitra SK, Von Colditz R, et al. Use of activated clotting time for monitoring anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children with congenital heart disease. Cardiovasc Dis. 1981;8:364-371. (Pubitemid 11020925)
    • (1981) Cardiovascular Diseases , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 364-371
    • Litwin, S.B.1    Mitra, S.K.2    Von Colditz, R.3
  • 98
    • 0019378596 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring heparin anticoagulation and its neutralization
    • Jobes DR, Schwartz AJ, Ellison N, Andrews R, Ruffini RA, Ruffini JJ. Monitoring heparin anticoagulation and its neutralization. Ann Thorac Surg. 1981;31:161-166. (Pubitemid 11173189)
    • (1981) Annals of Thoracic Surgery , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-166
    • Jobes, D.R.1    Schwartz, A.J.2    Ellison, N.3
  • 99
    • 33947724423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Another bleeding heart: Perioperative heparin management revisited
    • Harle CC, Murkin JM. Another bleeding heart: Perioperative heparin management revisited. Can J Anaesth. 2007;54:97-102.
    • (2007) Can J Anaesth , vol.54 , pp. 97-102
    • Harle, C.C.1    Murkin, J.M.2
  • 100
    • 0028943980 scopus 로고
    • Effect of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin blockade on activated clotting time during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or directional atherectomy (the EPIC trial). Evaluation of c7E3 Fab in the Prevention of Ischemic Complications trial
    • Moliterno DJ, Califf RM, Aguirre FV, et al. Effect of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin blockade on activated clotting time during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or directional atherectomy (the EPIC trial). Evaluation of c7E3 Fab in the Prevention of Ischemic Complications trial. Am J Cardiol. 1995;75:559-562.
    • (1995) Am J Cardiol , vol.75 , pp. 559-562
    • Moliterno, D.J.1    Califf, R.M.2    Aguirre, F.V.3
  • 101
    • 0021323191 scopus 로고
    • Platelet involvement in the activated coagulation time of heparinized blood
    • Moorehead MT, Westengard JC, Bull BS. Platelet involvement in the activated coagulation time of heparinized blood. Anesth Analg. 1984;63:394-398.
    • (1984) Anesth Analg , vol.63 , pp. 394-398
    • Moorehead, M.T.1    Westengard, J.C.2    Bull, B.S.3
  • 104
    • 0026552936 scopus 로고
    • All ACTs are not created equal
    • Ferguson JJ. All ACTs are not created equal. Tex Heart Inst J. 1992;19:1-3.
    • (1992) Tex Heart Inst J , vol.19 , pp. 1-3
    • Ferguson, J.J.1
  • 105
  • 106
    • 0015817262 scopus 로고
    • Statistical correlation and heparin sensitivity of activated partial thromboplastin time, whole blood coagulation time, and an automated coagulation time
    • Schriever HG, Epstein SE, Mintz MD. Statistical correlation and heparin sensitivity of activated partial thromboplastin time, whole blood coagulation time, and an automated coagulation time. Am J Clin Pathol. 1973;60:323-329.
    • (1973) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.60 , pp. 323-329
    • Schriever, H.G.1    Epstein, S.E.2    Mintz, M.D.3
  • 107
    • 0019421426 scopus 로고
    • Lack of correlation between activated clotting time and plasma heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass
    • Culliford AT, Gitel SN, Starr N, et al. Lack of correlation between activated clotting time and plasma heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Surg. 1981;193:105-111. (Pubitemid 11130881)
    • (1981) Annals of Surgery , vol.193 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-111
    • Culliford, A.T.1    Gitel, S.N.2    Starr, N.3
  • 109
    • 0018885589 scopus 로고
    • A prospective randomized study of membrane versus bubble oxygenators in children
    • Sade RM, Bartles DM, Dearing JP, Campbell LJ, Loadholt CB. A prospective randomized study of membrane versus bubble oxygenators in children. Ann Thorac Surg. 1980;29:502-511. (Pubitemid 10063437)
    • (1980) Annals of Thoracic Surgery , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 502-511
    • Sade, R.M.1    Bartles, D.M.2    Dearing, J.P.3
  • 110
    • 0029887086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related differences in heparin sensitivity and heparin-protamine interactions in cardiac surgery patients
    • DOI 10.1016/S1053-0770(05)80003-5
    • D'Errico C, Shayevitz JR, Martindale SJ. Age-related differences in heparin sensitivity and heparin-protamine interactions in cardiac surgery patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1996;10:451-457. (Pubitemid 26177752)
    • (1996) Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 451-457
    • D'Errico, C.1    Shayevitz, J.R.2    Martindale, S.J.3
  • 113
    • 0029951930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aprotinin prolongs activated and nonactivated whole blood clotting time and potentiates the effect of heparin in vitro
    • DOI 10.1097/00000539-199606000-00005
    • Despotis GJ, Filos KS, Levine V, Alsoufiev A, Spitznagel E. Aprotinin prolongs activated and nonactivated whole blood clotting time and potentiates the effect of heparin in vitro. Anesth Analg. 1996; 82:1126-1131. (Pubitemid 26157990)
    • (1996) Anesthesia and Analgesia , vol.82 , Issue.6 , pp. 1126-1131
    • Despotis, G.J.1    Filos, K.S.2    Levine, V.3    Alsoufiev, A.4    Spitznagel, E.5
  • 115
    • 0015934991 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring heparin therapy in hemodialysis. A report on the activated whole blood coagulation time tests
    • Congdon JE, Kardinal CG, Wallin JD. Monitoring heparin therapy in hemodialysis. A report on the activated whole blood coagulation time tests. JAMA. 1973;226:1529-1533.
    • (1973) JAMA , vol.226 , pp. 1529-1533
    • Congdon, J.E.1    Kardinal, C.G.2    Wallin, J.D.3
  • 116
    • 0017029126 scopus 로고
    • Individual responses to heparinization for extracorporeal circulation
    • Friesen RH, Clement AJ. Individual responses to heparinization for extracorporeal circulation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1976;72: 875-879.
    • (1976) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.72 , pp. 875-879
    • Friesen, R.H.1    Clement, A.J.2
  • 118
    • 0029052424 scopus 로고
    • The impact of heparin concentration and activated clotting time monitoring on blood conservation. A prospective, randomized evaluation in patients undergoing cardiac operation
    • Despotis GJ, Joist JH, Hogue CW Jr, et al. The impact of heparin concentration and activated clotting time monitoring on blood conservation. A prospective, randomized evaluation in patients undergoing cardiac operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995;110:46-54.
    • (1995) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.110 , pp. 46-54
    • Despotis, G.J.1    Joist, J.H.2    Hogue Jr., C.W.3
  • 119
    • 0036790231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemostatic activation and inflammatory response during cardiopulmonary bypass: Impact of heparin management
    • Koster A, Fischer T, Praus M, et al. Hemostatic activation and inflammatory response during cardiopulmonary bypass: Impact of heparin management. Anesthesiology. 2002;97:837-841.
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.97 , pp. 837-841
    • Koster, A.1    Fischer, T.2    Praus, M.3
  • 121
    • 0035104905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individualized heparin and protamine management in infants and children undergoing cardiac operations
    • discussion 7-8
    • Codispoti M, Ludlam CA, Simpson D, Mankad PS. Individualized heparin and protamine management in infants and children undergoing cardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;71:922-7, discussion 7-8.
    • (2001) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.71 , pp. 922-927
    • Codispoti, M.1    Ludlam, C.A.2    Simpson, D.3    Mankad, P.S.4
  • 122
    • 0034111137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of anticoagulation and its reversal during paediatric cardiopulmonary bypass: A review of current UK practice
    • Codispoti M, Mankad PS. Management of anticoagulation and its reversal during paediatric cardiopulmonary bypass: A review of current UK practice. Perfusion. 2000;15:191-201. (Pubitemid 30333163)
    • (2000) Perfusion , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 191-201
    • Codispoti, M.1    Mankad, P.S.2
  • 123
    • 52149114450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perioperative coagulation management and blood conservation in cardiac surgery: A Canadian Survey
    • Taneja R, Fernandes P, Marwaha G, Cheng D, Bainbridge D. Perioperative coagulation management and blood conservation in cardiac surgery: A Canadian Survey. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2008;22:662-669.
    • (2008) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth , vol.22 , pp. 662-669
    • Taneja, R.1    Fernandes, P.2    Marwaha, G.3    Cheng, D.4    Bainbridge, D.5
  • 124
    • 0029934065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The activated coagulation time: Suitability for monitoring heparin effect and neutralization during pediatric cardiac surgery
    • DOI 10.1016/S1053-0770(05)80004-7
    • Martindale SJ, Shayevitz JR, D'Errico C. The activated coagulation time: Suitability for monitoring heparin effect and neutralization during pediatric cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1996;10:458-463. (Pubitemid 26177753)
    • (1996) Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 458-463
    • Martindale, S.J.1    Shayevitz, J.R.2    D'Errico, C.3
  • 125
    • 17744365791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the effects of a standard heparin dose on thrombin inhibition during cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates
    • DOI 10.1213/01.ANE.0000149590.59294.3A
    • Guzzetta NA, Miller BE, Todd K, Szlam F, Moore RH, Tosone SR. An evaluation of the effects of a standard heparin dose on thrombin inhibition during cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates. Anesth Analg. 2005;100:1276-1282. (Pubitemid 40577369)
    • (2005) Anesthesia and Analgesia , vol.100 , Issue.5 , pp. 1276-1282
    • Guzzetta, N.A.1    Miller, B.E.2    Todd, K.3    Szlam, F.4    Moore, R.H.5    Tosone, S.R.6
  • 126
    • 0026708757 scopus 로고
    • Response to heparinization in adults and children undergoing cardiac operations
    • Horkay F, Martin P, Rajah SM, Walker DR. Response to heparinization in adults and children undergoing cardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg. 1992;53:822-826.
    • (1992) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.53 , pp. 822-826
    • Horkay, F.1    Martin, P.2    Rajah, S.M.3    Walker, D.R.4
  • 127
    • 0343811705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coagulation and fibrinolysis system in aortic surgery under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with aprotinin: The importance of adequate heparinization
    • Okita Y, Takamoto S, Ando M, et al. Coagulation and fibrinolysis system in aortic surgery under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with aprotinin: The importance of adequate heparinization. Circulation. 1997;96:II-376-381. (Pubitemid 27500060)
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , Issue.9 SUPPL.
    • Okita, Y.1    Takamoto, S.2    Ando, M.3    Morota, T.4    Yamaki, F.5    Matsukawa, R.6    Kawashima, Y.7
  • 128
    • 0025146426 scopus 로고
    • Clot-bound thrombin is protected from inhibition by heparin-antithrombin III but is susceptible to inactivation by antithrombin III-independent inhibitors
    • Weitz JI, Hudoba M, Massel D, Maraganore J, Hirsh J. Clot-bound thrombin is protected from inhibition by heparin-antithrombin III but is susceptible to inactivation by antithrombin III-independent inhibitors. J Clin Invest. 1990;86:385-391. (Pubitemid 20271869)
    • (1990) Journal of Clinical Investigation , vol.86 , Issue.2 , pp. 385-391
    • Weitz, J.I.1    Hudoba, M.2    Massel, D.3    Maraganore, J.4    Hirsh, J.5
  • 129
    • 0032834021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticoagulation monitoring during cardiac surgery: A review of current and emerging techniques
    • DOI 10.1097/00000542-199910000-00031
    • Despotis GJ, Gravlee G, Filos K, Levy J. Anticoagulation monitoring during cardiac surgery: A review of current and emerging techniques. Anesthesiology. 1999;91:1122-1151. (Pubitemid 29466546)
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.91 , Issue.4 , pp. 1122-1151
    • Despotis, G.J.1    Gravlee, G.2    Filos, K.3    Levy, J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.