메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 57-83

Framing U.S. Redistributive Policies: Tough Love for Poor Women and Tax Cuts for Seniors

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HOUSEHOLD INCOME; INCOME DISTRIBUTION; PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION; SOCIAL JUSTICE; SOCIAL POLICY; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS; TAX SYSTEM; WELFARE IMPACT; WOMENS STATUS;

EID: 77950767222     PISSN: 15297489     EISSN: 15302415     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-2415.2009.01189.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (20)

References (101)
  • 1
    • 79251510670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tax cut for granny
    • March 13
    • A tax cut for granny. The Wall Street Journal, p. A12.
    • (2003) The Wall Street Journal
  • 2
    • 33847106343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treasury secretary hits the road to promote administration's tax cut proposal
    • February 14
    • Andrews, E. L. (2003, February 14). Treasury secretary hits the road to promote administration's tax cut proposal. The New York Times, p. A1.
    • (2003) The New York Times
    • Andrews, E.L.1
  • 3
    • 0035633504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of perceived deservingness on policy decisions regarding aid to the poor
    • Appelbaum, L. D. (2001). The influence of perceived deservingness on policy decisions regarding aid to the poor. Political Psychology, 22(3), 419-442.
    • (2001) Political Psychology , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 419-442
    • Appelbaum, L.D.1
  • 4
    • 33745318461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When effort is threatening: The influence of the belief in a just world on Americans' attitudes toward antipoverty policy
    • Appelbaum, L. D., Lennon, M. C., & Aber, J. L. (2006). When effort is threatening: The influence of the belief in a just world on Americans' attitudes toward antipoverty policy. Political Psychology, 27(3), 387-402.
    • (2006) Political Psychology , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 387-402
    • Appelbaum, L.D.1    Lennon, M.C.2    Aber, J.L.3
  • 5
    • 0004015158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The media monopoly
    • 5th ed.). Boston Beacon Press.
    • Bagdikian, B. H. (1997). The media monopoly (5th ed.). Boston Beacon Press.
    • (1997)
    • Bagdikian, B.H.1
  • 6
    • 23944524224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From poverty to punishment: How welfare reform punishes the poor
    • In G. Delgado (Ed.), Oakland, CA Applied Research Center.
    • Berkowitz, B. (2002). Welfare privatization: Prospecting among the poor. In G. Delgado (Ed.), From poverty to punishment: How welfare reform punishes the poor (pp. 73-88). Oakland, CA Applied Research Center.
    • (2002) Welfare privatization: Prospecting among the poor , pp. 73-88
    • Berkowitz, B.1
  • 7
    • 33749673757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redistributive taxation in democracies: Evidence on people's satisfaction
    • Bernasconi, M. (2006). Redistributive taxation in democracies: Evidence on people's satisfaction. European Journal of Political Economy, 22(4), 809-837.
    • (2006) European Journal of Political Economy , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 809-837
    • Bernasconi, M.1
  • 8
    • 33745434779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stealthy wealth: The untold story of welfare privatization
    • Brophy-Baermann, M., & Bloeser, A. J. (2006). Stealthy wealth: The untold story of welfare privatization. Press/Politics, 11(3), 89-112.
    • (2006) Press/Politics , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 89-112
    • Brophy-Baermann, M.1    Bloeser, A.J.2
  • 9
    • 29244481489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting support for eliminating the dividend tax: The role of framing and attributions for wealth
    • Bullock, H. E., & Fernald, J. L. (2005). Predicting support for eliminating the dividend tax: The role of framing and attributions for wealth. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 5(1), 49-66.
    • (2005) Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-66
    • Bullock, H.E.1    Fernald, J.L.2
  • 11
    • 79251500805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 17 percent of families have stock dividends. Retrieved February 22, 2009, from
    • Burman, L. E., & Gunter, D. L. (2003). 17 percent of families have stock dividends. Retrieved February 22, 2009, from .
    • (2003)
    • Burman, L.E.1    Gunter, D.L.2
  • 12
    • 0035645932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the democratic debate: How the news media frame elite policy discourse
    • Callaghan, K., & Schnell, F. (2001). Assessing the democratic debate: How the news media frame elite policy discourse. Political Communications, 18, 183-212.
    • (2001) Political Communications , vol.18 , pp. 183-212
    • Callaghan, K.1    Schnell, F.2
  • 13
    • 79251497799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Center on Budget and Policy Priorities Income gap hit record levels in 2006, new data show: Rich-poor gap tripled between 1979 and 2006. Retrieved August 17, 2009, from
    • Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. (2009). Income gap hit record levels in 2006, new data show: Rich-poor gap tripled between 1979 and 2006. Retrieved August 17, 2009, from .
    • (2009)
  • 14
    • 1142290979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affluence cues and first impressions: The moderating impact of the Protestant work ethic
    • Christopher, A. N., & Jones, J. R. (2004). Affluence cues and first impressions: The moderating impact of the Protestant work ethic. Journal of Economic Psychology, 25(2), 279-292.
    • (2004) Journal of Economic Psychology , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 279-292
    • Christopher, A.N.1    Jones, J.R.2
  • 16
    • 21144443735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Support for a Supreme Court affirmative action decision: A story in black and white
    • Clawson, R. A., & Waltenburg, E. N. (2003). Support for a Supreme Court affirmative action decision: A story in black and white. American Political Research, 31, 251-279.
    • (2003) American Political Research , vol.31 , pp. 251-279
    • Clawson, R.A.1    Waltenburg, E.N.2
  • 17
    • 79251520452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citizens for Tax Justice Top federal income tax rates on regular income and capital gains since 1916. Retrieved July 14, 2005, from
    • Citizens for Tax Justice. (2004). Top federal income tax rates on regular income and capital gains since 1916. Retrieved July 14, 2005, from .
    • (2004)
  • 19
    • 66349131991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersectionality and research in psychology
    • Cole, E. R. (2009). Intersectionality and research in psychology. American Psychologist, 64(3), 170-180.
    • (2009) American Psychologist , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 170-180
    • Cole, E.R.1
  • 20
    • 21344446057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ideology in the US welfare debate: Neo-liberal representations of poverty
    • De Goede, M. (1996). Ideology in the US welfare debate: Neo-liberal representations of poverty. Discourse & Society, 7(3), 317-357.
    • (1996) Discourse & Society , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 317-357
    • De Goede, M.1
  • 21
    • 0004118354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical race theory: An introduction
    • New York New York University Press.
    • Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2001). Critical race theory: An introduction. New York New York University Press.
    • (2001)
    • Delgado, R.1    Stefancic, J.2
  • 22
    • 12844263093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2004
    • Current Population Reports, P60-229. Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office
    • DeNavas-Walt, C., Proctor, B. D., & Lee, C. H. (2005). Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2004. Current Population Reports, P60-229. Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office .
    • (2005)
    • DeNavas-Walt, C.1    Proctor, B.D.2    Lee, C.H.3
  • 23
    • 10944262419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How issues get framed and reframed when different communities meet: A multi-level analysis of a collaborative soil conservation initiative in the Ecuadorian Andes
    • Dewulf, A., Craps, M., & Dercon, G. (2004). How issues get framed and reframed when different communities meet: A multi-level analysis of a collaborative soil conservation initiative in the Ecuadorian Andes. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 14(3), 177-192.
    • (2004) Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 177-192
    • Dewulf, A.1    Craps, M.2    Dercon, G.3
  • 24
    • 79251516879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic Mobility Project Findings from a national survey & focus groups on economic mobility. Retrieved April 6, 2009, from
    • Economic Mobility Project. (2009). Findings from a national survey & focus groups on economic mobility. Retrieved April 6, 2009, from .
    • (2009)
  • 25
    • 79251488276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excerpts from Bush's speech on his proposal to stimulate the economy
    • January 8
    • Excerpts from Bush's speech on his proposal to stimulate the economy. (2003, January 8). The New York Times, p. A14.
    • (2003) The New York Times
  • 26
    • 84965401315 scopus 로고
    • Economic individualism and American public opinion
    • Feldman, S. (1983). Economic individualism and American public opinion. American Politics Quarterly, 11(1), 3-29.
    • (1983) American Politics Quarterly , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-29
    • Feldman, S.1
  • 27
    • 0346963770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Class notes: Toward a critical psychology of class and schooling
    • Fine, M., & Burns, A. (2003). Class notes: Toward a critical psychology of class and schooling. Journal of Social Issues, 59(4), 841-860.
    • (2003) Journal of Social Issues , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 841-860
    • Fine, M.1    Burns, A.2
  • 28
    • 79251529674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fight is likely in Senate as Bush sends tax cut plan to Congress
    • February 28
    • Firestone, D. (2003, February 28). Fight is likely in Senate as Bush sends tax cut plan to Congress. The New York Times, p. A22.
    • (2003) The New York Times
    • Firestone, D.1
  • 29
    • 3843134217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Dis)respecting versus (dis)liking: Status and interdependence predict ambivalent stereotypes of competence and warmth
    • Fiske, S. T., Xu, J., Cuddy, A. C., & Glick, P. (1999). (Dis)respecting versus (dis)liking: Status and interdependence predict ambivalent stereotypes of competence and warmth. Journal of Social Issues, 55(3), 473-490.
    • (1999) Journal of Social Issues , vol.55 , Issue.3 , pp. 473-490
    • Fiske, S.T.1    Xu, J.2    Cuddy, A.C.3    Glick, P.4
  • 30
    • 0003298954 scopus 로고
    • A genealogy of dependency: Tracing a keyword of the U.S. welfare state
    • Fraser, N., & Gordon, L. (1994). A genealogy of dependency: Tracing a keyword of the U.S. welfare state. Signs, 19(2), 309-336.
    • (1994) Signs , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 309-336
    • Fraser, N.1    Gordon, L.2
  • 32
    • 84895721715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tying marriage vows to welfare reform: White House push for state strategies to promote family ignites dispute
    • April 1
    • Goldstein, A. (2002, April 1). Tying marriage vows to welfare reform: White House push for state strategies to promote family ignites dispute. The Washington Post, p. A1.
    • (2002) The Washington Post
    • Goldstein, A.1
  • 34
    • 0003894138 scopus 로고
    • Pitied but not entitled: Single mothers and the history of welfare, 1890-1935
    • New York Macmillan Publishing Company, Inc.
    • Gordon, L. (1994). Pitied but not entitled: Single mothers and the history of welfare, 1890-1935. New York Macmillan Publishing Company, Inc.
    • (1994)
    • Gordon, L.1
  • 35
    • 85044794567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contemporary welfare reform and the public identity of the "welfare queen."
    • Hancock, A. (2003). Contemporary welfare reform and the public identity of the "welfare queen." Race, Gender and Class, 10(1), 31-59.
    • (2003) Race, Gender and Class , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-59
    • Hancock, A.1
  • 36
    • 2442425239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locking horns: EDS, Lockheed duel over contract to run Texas' welfare system
    • March 19
    • Harwood, J. (1997, March 19). Locking horns: EDS, Lockheed duel over contract to run Texas' welfare system. The New York Times, p. A1.
    • (1997) The New York Times
    • Harwood, J.1
  • 37
    • 79251495574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Welfare reform, new and improved
    • April 11
    • Hastert, J. D. (2002, April 11). Welfare reform, new and improved. The New York Times, p. A33.
    • (2002) The New York Times
    • Hastert, J.D.1
  • 38
    • 79251518743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Many lawmakers feel Bush growth package needs overhaul
    • January 9
    • Hook, J. (2003, January 9). Many lawmakers feel Bush growth package needs overhaul. Los Angeles Times, p. A1.
    • (2003) Los Angeles Times
    • Hook, J.1
  • 39
    • 0043074581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the American welfare state unusually small
    • Howard, C. (2003). Is the American welfare state unusually small Political Science and Politics, 36(3), 411-416.
    • (2003) Political Science and Politics , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 411-416
    • Howard, C.1
  • 40
    • 33645944683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A social representation is not a quiet thing: Exploring the critical potential of social representations theory
    • Howarth, C. (2006). A social representation is not a quiet thing: Exploring the critical potential of social representations theory. British Journal of Social Psychology, 45, 65-86.
    • (2006) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 65-86
    • Howarth, C.1
  • 41
    • 0003598084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The color of privilege: Three blasphemies on race and feminism
    • Ann Arbor, MI University of Michigan Press.
    • Hurtado, A. (1996). The color of privilege: Three blasphemies on race and feminism. Ann Arbor, MI University of Michigan Press.
    • (1996)
    • Hurtado, A.1
  • 42
    • 77954054511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting ahead or losing ground: Economic mobility in America
    • n.d.). Washington, DC The Brookings Institution. Retrieved September 3, 2008, from
    • Isaacs, J. B., Sawhill, I. V., & Haskins, R. (n.d.). Getting ahead or losing ground: Economic mobility in America. Washington, DC The Brookings Institution. Retrieved September 3, 2008, from .
    • Isaacs, J.B.1    Sawhill, I.V.2    Haskins, R.3
  • 43
    • 0002873688 scopus 로고
    • Framing responsibility for political issues: The case of poverty
    • Iyengar, S. (1990). Framing responsibility for political issues: The case of poverty. Political Behavior, 12(1), 19-40.
    • (1990) Political Behavior , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-40
    • Iyengar, S.1
  • 44
    • 0034389202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issue framing and public opinion on government spending
    • Jacoby, W. G. (2000). Issue framing and public opinion on government spending. American Journal of Political Science, 44(4), 750-767.
    • (2000) American Journal of Political Science , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 750-767
    • Jacoby, W.G.1
  • 45
    • 35948977739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The centrality of the self-control ethos in Western aspersions regarding outgroups: A social representational approach to stereotype content
    • Joffe, H., & Staerklé, C. (2007). The centrality of the self-control ethos in Western aspersions regarding outgroups: A social representational approach to stereotype content. Culture & Psychology, 13(4), 395-418.
    • (2007) Culture & Psychology , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 395-418
    • Joffe, H.1    Staerklé, C.2
  • 46
    • 79251522628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tax break for the rich who can keep a secret
    • September 10
    • Johnston, D. C. (2002, September 10). A tax break for the rich who can keep a secret. The New York Times, p. C1.
    • (2002) The New York Times
    • Johnston, D.C.1
  • 47
    • 79251499062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003, Pub. L. No. 108-27, 117 Stat. 752.
    • Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003, Pub. L. No. 108-27, 117 Stat. 752 (2003).
    • (2003)
  • 48
    • 0003585612 scopus 로고
    • The undeserving poor: From the war on poverty to the war on welfare
    • New York Pantheon.
    • Katz, M. B. (1990). The undeserving poor: From the war on poverty to the war on welfare. New York Pantheon.
    • (1990)
    • Katz, M.B.1
  • 49
    • 0004112166 scopus 로고
    • Television and the crisis of democracy
    • Boulder, CO Westview Press.
    • Kellner, D. (1990). Television and the crisis of democracy. Boulder, CO Westview Press.
    • (1990)
    • Kellner, D.1
  • 50
    • 0348203855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media framing and the dynamics of racial preferences
    • Kellstedt, P. M. (2000). Media framing and the dynamics of racial preferences. American Journal of Political Science, 44(2), 245-260.
    • (2000) American Journal of Political Science , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 245-260
    • Kellstedt, P.M.1
  • 51
    • 84886678372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framing class: Media representations of wealth and poverty in America
    • Lanham, MD Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    • Kendall, D. (2005). Framing class: Media representations of wealth and poverty in America. Lanham, MD Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    • (2005)
    • Kendall, D.1
  • 52
    • 0003598226 scopus 로고
    • Beliefs about inequality: American's views of what is and what ought to be
    • New York Aldine de Gruyter.
    • Kluegel, J. R., & Smith, E. R. (1986). Beliefs about inequality: American's views of what is and what ought to be. New York Aldine de Gruyter.
    • (1986)
    • Kluegel, J.R.1    Smith, E.R.2
  • 53
    • 79251486115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential capital gains tax rates. Retrieved July 14, 2005, from
    • Kobes, D., & Burman, L. E. (2004). Preferential capital gains tax rates. Retrieved July 14, 2005, from .
    • (2004)
    • Kobes, D.1    Burman, L.E.2
  • 54
    • 3543077159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corporate interests: How the news media portray the economy
    • Kollmeyer, C. J. (2004). Corporate interests: How the news media portray the economy. Social Problems, 51(3), 432-452.
    • (2004) Social Problems , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 432-452
    • Kollmeyer, C.J.1
  • 55
    • 79251473488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tax cut: The perfect wartime boost
    • April 7
    • Laffer, A. B., & Moore, S. (2003, April 7). A tax cut: The perfect wartime boost. The Wall Street Journal, p. A26.
    • (2003) The Wall Street Journal
    • Laffer, A.B.1    Moore, S.2
  • 56
    • 23844510598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Don't think of an elephant: Know your values and frame the debate
    • White River Junction, VT Chelsea Green Publishing.
    • Lakoff, G. (2004). Don't think of an elephant: Know your values and frame the debate. White River Junction, VT Chelsea Green Publishing.
    • (2004)
    • Lakoff, G.1
  • 57
    • 79251494888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, class, and gender: An anthology
    • In M. L. Andersen & P. H. Collins (Eds.), Belmont, CA Wadsworth Publishing Company.
    • Langston, D. (1998). Tired of playing monopoly? In M. L. Andersen & P. H. Collins (Eds.), Race, class, and gender: An anthology (pp. 126-136). Belmont, CA Wadsworth Publishing Company.
    • (1998) Tired of playing monopoly , pp. 126-136
    • Langston, D.1
  • 58
    • 75949083130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Welfare reform and the media: Why AFDC was eliminated
    • Lens, V. (2001). Welfare reform and the media: Why AFDC was eliminated. Journal of Applied Social Sciences, 24, 78-98.
    • (2001) Journal of Applied Social Sciences , vol.24 , pp. 78-98
    • Lens, V.1
  • 59
    • 84937379921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Welfare reform, personal narratives and the media: How welfare recipients and journalists frame the welfare debate
    • Lens, V. (2002). Welfare reform, personal narratives and the media: How welfare recipients and journalists frame the welfare debate. Journal of Poverty, 6(1), 1-20.
    • (2002) Journal of Poverty , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-20
    • Lens, V.1
  • 60
    • 36349031580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 15 percent rate on capital gains: A casualty of the Alternative Minimum Tax
    • Washington, DC Tax Policy Center. Retrieved August 27, 2009, from
    • Lieserson, G. (2007). The 15 percent rate on capital gains: A casualty of the Alternative Minimum Tax. Washington, DC Tax Policy Center. Retrieved August 27, 2009, from .
    • (2007)
    • Lieserson, G.1
  • 61
    • 79251524705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The individual Alternative Minimum Tax: Historical data and projections
    • Washington, DC Tax Policy Center. Retrieved August 26, 2009, from
    • Lieserson, G., & Rohaly, J. (2008). The individual Alternative Minimum Tax: Historical data and projections. Washington, DC Tax Policy Center. Retrieved August 26, 2009, from .
    • (2008)
    • Lieserson, G.1    Rohaly, J.2
  • 62
    • 23944457560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Playing the fool:' US welfare policy from a critical race perspective
    • Limbert, W. M., & Bullock, H. E., (2005). 'Playing the fool:' US welfare policy from a critical race perspective. Feminism & Psychology, 15(3), 253-274.
    • (2005) Feminism & Psychology , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-274
    • Limbert, W.M.1    Bullock, H.E.2
  • 63
    • 0003815525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The possessive investment in whiteness: How white people profit from identity politics
    • Philadelphia Temple University Press.
    • Lipsitz, G. (1998). The possessive investment in whiteness: How white people profit from identity politics. Philadelphia Temple University Press.
    • (1998)
    • Lipsitz, G.1
  • 64
    • 36048960529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychology and economic injustice: Personal, professional, and political intersections
    • and Washington, DC American Psychological Association.
    • Lott, B., and Bullock, H. E. (2007). Psychology and economic injustice: Personal, professional, and political intersections. Washington, DC American Psychological Association.
    • (2007)
    • Lott, B.1    Bullock, H.E.2
  • 65
    • 0035457959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotype fissure: Katz and Braly revisited
    • Philogène, G. (2001). Stereotype fissure: Katz and Braly revisited. Social Science Information, 40(3), 411-432.
    • (2001) Social Science Information , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 411-432
    • Philogène, G.1
  • 66
    • 79251519773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, class, and gender in the United States: An integrated study
    • In P. S. Rothenberg (Ed.), (4th ed. -). New York St. Martin's Press.
    • Mantsios, G. (1998). Media magic: Making class invisible. In P. S. Rothenberg (Ed.), Race, class, and gender in the United States: An integrated study (4th ed., pp. 510-519). New York St. Martin's Press.
    • (1998) Media magic: Making class invisible , pp. 510-519
    • Mantsios, G.1
  • 67
    • 33749609305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tall poppies and "American dreams": Reactions to rich and poor in Australia and the United States
    • Mandisodza, A. N., Jost, J. T., & Unzueta, M. M. (2006). Tall poppies and "American dreams": Reactions to rich and poor in Australia and the United States. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 37(6), 659-668.
    • (2006) Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 659-668
    • Mandisodza, A.N.1    Jost, J.T.2    Unzueta, M.M.3
  • 68
    • 79957523622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upward economic intergenerational mobility in the United States
    • n.d.) Washington, DC Economic Mobility Project. Retrieved October 18, 2008, from
    • Mazumder, B. (n.d.) Upward economic intergenerational mobility in the United States. Washington, DC Economic Mobility Project. Retrieved October 18, 2008, from .
    • Mazumder, B.1
  • 69
    • 0004281768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Welfare's end
    • Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press.
    • Mink, G. (1998). Welfare's end. Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press.
    • (1998)
    • Mink, G.1
  • 70
    • 0347593864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Envisioning dependency: Changing media depictions of welfare in the 20th century
    • Misra, J., Moller, S., & Karides, M. (2003). Envisioning dependency: Changing media depictions of welfare in the 20th century. Social Problems, 50(4), 482-504.
    • (2003) Social Problems , vol.50 , Issue.4 , pp. 482-504
    • Misra, J.1    Moller, S.2    Karides, M.3
  • 71
    • 79251470894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economy: Dividend-tax cut draws more fire-Daschle calls plan 'dead on arrival': Greenspan plays down economic effects
    • January 27
    • Murray, S. (2003, January 27). The economy: Dividend-tax cut draws more fire-Daschle calls plan 'dead on arrival': Greenspan plays down economic effects. The Wall Street Journal, A2.
    • (2003) The Wall Street Journal
    • Murray, S.1
  • 72
    • 0030305730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issue frames and group-centrism in American public opinion
    • Nelson, T. E., & Kinder, D. R. (1996). Issue frames and group-centrism in American public opinion. The Journal of Politics, 58(4), 1055-1078.
    • (1996) The Journal of Politics , vol.58 , Issue.4 , pp. 1055-1078
    • Nelson, T.E.1    Kinder, D.R.2
  • 73
    • 0033235862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issue framing effects on belief importance and opinion
    • Nelson, T. E., & Oxley, Z. M. (1999). Issue framing effects on belief importance and opinion. Journal of Politics, 61(4), 1040-1067.
    • (1999) Journal of Politics , vol.61 , Issue.4 , pp. 1040-1067
    • Nelson, T.E.1    Oxley, Z.M.2
  • 74
    • 79251478194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-193, 110 Stat. 2105.
    • Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-193, 110 Stat. 2105 (1997).
    • (1997)
  • 75
    • 79251497797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bush proposes 'ethic of work' in welfare plan
    • February 27
    • Peterson, J., & Gerstenzang, J. (2002, February 27). Bush proposes 'ethic of work' in welfare plan. Los Angeles Times, p. A1.
    • (2002) Los Angeles Times
    • Peterson, J.1    Gerstenzang, J.2
  • 76
    • 0038577681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wealth and democracy: A political history of the American rich
    • New York Broadway Books.
    • Phillips, K. (2002). Wealth and democracy: A political history of the American rich. New York Broadway Books.
    • (2002)
    • Phillips, K.1
  • 77
    • 79251480871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pro-marriage initiative holds promise for poor
    • February 27
    • Pro-marriage initiative holds promise for poor. (2002, February 27). USA Today, p. 12A.
    • (2002) USA Today
  • 78
    • 79251481633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A look at welfare
    • April 12
    • Reeher, J. C. (2002, April 12). A look at welfare. USA Today, p. 13A.
    • (2002) USA Today
    • Reeher, J.C.1
  • 79
    • 79251494246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reforming welfare reform
    • April 8
    • Reforming welfare reform. (2002, April 8). The New York Times, p. A18.
    • (2002) The New York Times
  • 80
    • 79251489584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bush offers tax cuts to spur growth: The president unveils a $674-billion plan that will stimulate spending and the stock market. Critics say only the rich will get relief
    • January 8
    • Reynolds, M. (2003, January 8). Bush offers tax cuts to spur growth: The president unveils a $674-billion plan that will stimulate spending and the stock market. Critics say only the rich will get relief. Los Angeles Times, p. A1.
    • (2003) Los Angeles Times
    • Reynolds, M.1
  • 81
    • 79251522282 scopus 로고
    • Up to 25 states expected to install 'workfare' programs by 1983
    • May 9
    • Rich, S. (1982, May 9). Up to 25 states expected to install 'workfare' programs by 1983. The Washington Post, p. A10.
    • (1982) The Washington Post
    • Rich, S.1
  • 82
    • 79251491491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weak recovery to provide little relief for jobless. Associated Press News Service Retrieved August 27, 2009, from the LexisNexis Academic database. July 23
    • Rugaber, C. S. (2009, July 23). Weak recovery to provide little relief for jobless. Associated Press News Service Retrieved August 27, 2009, from the LexisNexis Academic database.
    • (2009)
    • Rugaber, C.S.1
  • 84
    • 31044431727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic individualism, humanitarianism, and welfare reform: A value-based account of framing effects
    • Shen, F., & Edwards, H. H. (2005). Economic individualism, humanitarianism, and welfare reform: A value-based account of framing effects. Journal of Communication, 55(4), 795-809.
    • (2005) Journal of Communication , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 795-809
    • Shen, F.1    Edwards, H.H.2
  • 85
    • 79251497798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleight of hand on Capitol Hill
    • Section 4, May 18
    • Sleight of hand on Capitol Hill. (2003, May 18). The New York Times, Section 4, p. 12.
    • (2003) The New York Times , pp. 12
  • 86
    • 84928219824 scopus 로고
    • I made it because of me: Beliefs about the causes of wealth and poverty
    • Smith, K. B. (1985). I made it because of me: Beliefs about the causes of wealth and poverty. Sociological Spectrum, 5, 255-267.
    • (1985) Sociological Spectrum , vol.5 , pp. 255-267
    • Smith, K.B.1
  • 87
    • 84983967512 scopus 로고
    • Rags, riches, and bootstraps: Beliefs about the causes of wealth and poverty
    • Smith, K. B., & Stone, L. (1989). Rags, riches, and bootstraps: Beliefs about the causes of wealth and poverty. The Sociological Quarterly, 30(1), 93-107.
    • (1989) The Sociological Quarterly , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 93-107
    • Smith, K.B.1    Stone, L.2
  • 88
    • 0001898644 scopus 로고
    • That which we call welfare by any other name would smell sweeter: An analysis of impact of question wording on response patterns
    • Smith, T. W. (1987). That which we call welfare by any other name would smell sweeter: An analysis of impact of question wording on response patterns. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 51(1), 75-83.
    • (1987) The Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-83
    • Smith, T.W.1
  • 89
    • 8744260882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whiteness and ethnocentric monoculturalism: Making the "invisible" visible
    • Sue, D. W. (2004). Whiteness and ethnocentric monoculturalism: Making the "invisible" visible. American Psychologist, 59(8), 761-769.
    • (2004) American Psychologist , vol.59 , Issue.8 , pp. 761-769
    • Sue, D.W.1
  • 90
    • 85055409048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public policy, income distribution, and class warfare
    • Stephens, G. R. (2009). Public policy, income distribution, and class warfare. Poverty & Public Policy, 1(1), Article 3.
    • (2009) Poverty & Public Policy , vol.1 , Issue.1
    • Stephens, G.R.1
  • 91
    • 42149116258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do policy frames change? Actor-idea coevolution in debates about welfare reform
    • Steensland, B. (2008). Why do policy frames change? Actor-idea coevolution in debates about welfare reform. Social Forces, 86(3), 1027-1054.
    • (2008) Social Forces , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 1027-1054
    • Steensland, B.1
  • 92
    • 79251497146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Census Bureau Table H-15. Total money income per household member, by race and Hispanic origin of householder. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from
    • U.S. Census Bureau. (2008). Table H-15. Total money income per household member, by race and Hispanic origin of householder. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from .
    • (2008)
  • 93
    • 0004059713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Green Book
    • U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means (WMCP 108-6). Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means. (2004). Green Book (WMCP 108-6). Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (2004)
  • 94
    • 0004329386 scopus 로고
    • Elite discourse and racism
    • Newbury Park Sage Publications.
    • Van Dijk, T. A. (1993). Elite discourse and racism. Newbury Park Sage Publications.
    • (1993)
    • Van Dijk, T.A.1
  • 95
    • 30644473816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of controversies about social representations theory: A British debate
    • Voelklein, C., & Howarth, C. (2005). A review of controversies about social representations theory: A British debate. Culture & Psychology, 11(4), 431-454.
    • (2005) Culture & Psychology , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 431-454
    • Voelklein, C.1    Howarth, C.2
  • 96
    • 79251495573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GOP pushes plan to cut, then restore dividend tax
    • May 15
    • Welch, W. M. (2003, May 15). GOP pushes plan to cut, then restore dividend tax. USA Today, p. 5A.
    • (2003) USA Today
    • Welch, W.M.1
  • 97
    • 79251526315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Privilege revealed
    • In S. M. Wildman, M. Armstrong, A. D. Davis, amp; T. Grillo (Eds.), New York New York University Press.
    • Wildman, S. M. (1996). Privilege in the workplace: The missing element in antidiscrimination law. In S. M. Wildman, M. Armstrong, A. D. Davis, & T. Grillo (Eds.), Privilege revealed (pp. 25-41). New York New York University Press.
    • (1996) Privilege in the workplace: The missing element in antidiscrimination law , pp. 25-41
    • Wildman, S.M.1
  • 98
    • 0008751343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical race feminism: A reader
    • Wing, A. K. (Ed.). New York New York University Press.
    • Wing, A. K. (Ed.). (1997). Critical race feminism: A reader. New York New York University Press.
    • (1997)
  • 99
    • 33645314923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond welfare framing and the racialization of white opinion on social security
    • Winter, N. J. G. (2006). Beyond welfare framing and the racialization of white opinion on social security. American Journal of Political Science, 50(2), 400-420.
    • (2006) American Journal of Political Science , vol.50 , Issue.2 , pp. 400-420
    • Winter, N.J.G.1
  • 100
    • 79251473197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tax inequities rankle around deadline day
    • April 19
    • Zatkowsky, D. (2003, April 19). Tax inequities rankle around deadline day. Los Angeles Times, p. B22.
    • (2003) Los Angeles Times
    • Zatkowsky, D.1
  • 101
    • 3042858685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issue framing and citizen apathy toward local environmental contamination
    • Zavestoski, S., Agnello, K., Mignano, F., & Darroch, F. (2004). Issue framing and citizen apathy toward local environmental contamination. Sociological Forum, 19(2), 255-283.
    • (2004) Sociological Forum , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 255-283
    • Zavestoski, S.1    Agnello, K.2    Mignano, F.3    Darroch, F.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.