The centrality of the self-control ethos in western aspersions regarding outgroups: A social representational approach to stereotype content

Culture and Psychology

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 395-418

  Joffe, Hlne ^a   Staerkle, Christian ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Cultural values; Outgroup derogation; Self control; Social representations; Stereotype content

Indexed keywords

EID: 35948977739     PISSN: 1354067X     EISSN: 14617056     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1354067X07082750     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Alexander, M.G., Brewer, M.B., & Herrmann, R.K. (1999). Images and affect: A functional analysis of out-group stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 78 - 93.
2. Augoustinos, M. (2001). Social categorization: Towards theoretical integration. In: K. Deaux & G. Philogne (Eds.), Representations of the social: Bridging theoretical traditions (pp. 201 - 216). Oxford: Blackwell.
3. Augoustinos, M., Walker, I. & Donaghue, N. (2006). Social cognition: An integrated introduction. London: Sage.
4. Bar-Tal, D. (1990). Group beliefs. New York: Springer.
5. Beauvois, J.L. (2005). Les illusions librales, individualisme et pouvoir social: Petit trait sur des grandes illusions. Grenoble: Presses Universitaires de Grenoble.
6. Beck, U. (1992). The risk society: Towards a new modernity. London: Sage. (Original work published 1986.)
7. Biernat, M., Vescio, T.K., Theno, S.A., & Crandall, C.S. (1996). Values and prejudice: Toward understanding the impact of American values on outgroup attitudes. In C. Seligman, J.M. Olson, & M.P. Zanna (Eds.), The psychology of values: The Ontario symposium (Vol. 8, pp. 153 - 189). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
8. Billig, M. (2002). Henri Tajfel's 'Cognitive aspects of prejudice' and the psychology of bigotry. British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 171 - 188.
9. Billig, M., Condor, S., Edwards, D., Gane, M., Middleton, D., & Radley, A. (1988). Ideological dilemmas: A social psychology of everyday thinking. London: Sage.
10. Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
11. Brown, P.M., & Turner, J. (2002). The role of theories in the formation of stereotype content. In C. McGarty, V.Y. Yzerbyt, & R. Spears (Eds.), Stereotypes as explanations: The formation of meaningful beliefs about social groups (pp. 67 - 89). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12. Brown, R. (2000). Social identity theory: Past achievements, current problems and future challenges. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 745 - 778.
13. Chombart de Lauwe, M.J. (1984). Changes in the representation of the child in the course of social transmission. In R.W. Farr & S. Moscovici (Eds.), Social representations (pp. 185 - 209). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
14. Crandall, C.S. (1994). Prejudice against fat people: Ideology and self-interest. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 882 - 894.
15. Crawford, R. (1985). ' A cultural account of health-control, release and the social body '. In J.B. McKinlay (Ed.), Issues in the political economy of health care (pp. 60 - 103). London: Tavistock.
16. Crawford, R. (1994). The boundaries of the self and the unhealthy other: Reflections on health, culture and AIDS. Social Science and Medicine, 38, 1347 - 1365.
17. Deaux, K., & Philogne, G. (Eds.) (2001). Representations of the social: Bridging theoretical traditions. Oxford: Blackwell.
18. Department of Health and Social Security. (1976). Prevention and health: Everybody's business. London: HMSO.
19. Doise, W. (1978). Groups and individuals: Explanations in social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
20. Doise, W., & Staerkl, C. (2002). From social to political psychology: The societal approach. In K.R. Monroe (Ed.), Political psychology (pp. 151 - 171). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
21. Douglas, M. (1966). Purity and danger. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
22. Duckitt, J. (2003). Prejudice and intergroup hostility. In D.O.Sears, L.Huddy, & R.Jervis (Eds.), Oxford handbook of political psychology (pp. 559 - 600). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
23. Echebarria Echabe, A., Fernandez Guede, E., & Gonzalez Castro, C. (1994). Social representations and intergroup conflicts: Who's smoking here? European Journal of Social Psychology, 3, 339 - 356.
24. Elias, N. (2000). The civilizing process (E. Jephcott, Trans.). Oxford: Blackwell. (Original work published 1939.)
25. Feather, N. (1999). Judgments of deservingness: Studies in the psychology of justice and achievement. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 86 - 107.
26. Fiske, S.T., Cuddy, A.J.C., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 878 - 902.
27. Gilens, M. (1999). Why Americans hate welfare. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
28. Gitlin, T. (2000). Inside prime time. Berkeley: University of California Press.
29. Glick, P., & Fiske, S.T. (1996). The ambivalent sexism inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491 - 512.
30. Glick, P., & Fiske, S.T. (2001). Ambivalent stereotypes as legitimizing ideologies. Differentiating paternalistic and envious prejudice. In J.T. Jost & B. Major (Eds.), The psychology of legitimacy: Emerging perspectives on ideology, justice, and intergroup relations (pp. 278 - 306). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
31. Gobineau, J.A. de. (1859). The moral and intellectual diversity of races, with particular reference to their respective influence in the civil and political history of mankind. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott.
32. Haidt, J., McCauley, C.R., & Rozin, P. (1994). A scale to measure disgust sensitivity. Personality and Individual Di ferences, 16, 701 - 713.
33. Haslam, N., Rothschild, L., & Ernst, D. (2002). Are essentialist beliefs associated with prejudice? British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 87 - 100.
34. Heatherton, T.F., Kleck, R.E., Hebl, M.R., & Hull, J.G. (Eds.). (2000). The social psychology of stigma. New York: Guilford.
35. Herek, G.M. (Ed.). (1998). Stigma and sexual orientation: Understanding prejudice against lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
36. Hogg, M.A., & Abrams, D. (1988). Social identifications: A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes. London: Routledge.
37. Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
38. Jahoda, G. (1999). Images of savages: Ancient roots of modern prejudice in western culture. London: Routledge.
39. Jarvis, M.J., & Wardle, J. (1999). Social patterning of individual health behaviours: The case of cigarette smoking. In M. Marmot & R.G. Wilkinson (Eds.), Social determinants of health (pp. 240 - 255). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
40. Jodelet, D. (1984). The representations of the body and its transformation. In R.M. Farr & S. Moscovici (Eds.), Social representations (pp. 211 - 237). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
41. Jodelet, D. (1991). Madness and social representations. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester-Wheatsheaf.
42. Jodelet, D. (Ed.). (1989). Les reprsentations sociales. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
43. Joffe, H. (1995). Social representations of AIDS: Towards encompassing issues of power. Papers on Social Representations, 4, 29 - 40.
44. Joffe, H. (1996). AIDS research and prevention: A social representational approach. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 69, 169 - 190.
45. Joffe, H. (1999). Risk and 'the Other '. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
46. Joffe, H. (2002). Representations of health risks: What social psychology can offer health promotion. Health Education Journal, 61, 153 - 165.
47. Jones, E.E., Farina, A., Hastorf, A.H., Markus, H., Miller, D.T., & Scott, R.A. (1984). Social stigma: The psychology of the marked relationship. New York: Freeman.
48. Jost, J., & Hunyady, O. (2002). The psychology of system justification and the palliative function of ideology. European Review of Social Psychology, 13, 111 - 153.
49. Jovchelovitch, S. (1995). Social representations in and of the public sphere: Towards a theoretical articulation. Journal for the Theory for Social Behaviour, 25, 83 - 102.
50. Liu, L. (2004). Sensitizing concept, themata and sharedness: A dialogical perspective of social representations. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 34, 249 - 264.
51. Lorenzi-Cioldi, F. (1998). Group status and perceptions of homogeneity. European Review of Social Psychology, 9, 31 - 75.
52. Markov, I. (1987). On the interaction of opposites in psychological processes. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 17, 279 - 299.
53. Markov, I. (2000). Amde or How to get rid of it: Social representations from a dialogical perspective. Culture & Psychology, 6, 419 - 460.
54. Markov, I. (2003). Dialogicality and social representations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
55. Markus, H.R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224 - 253.
56. McClelland, D.C. (1961). The achieving society. New York: Free Press.
57. McCulloch, J. (1995). Colonial psychiatry and 'the African mind '. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
58. Moghaddam, F.M., & Studer, C. (1998). Illusions of control: Striving for control in our personal and professional lives. Westport, CT: Praeger.
59. Moscovici, S. (1976). Social influence and social change. London: Academic Press.
60. Moscovici, S. (1984). The phenomenon of social representations. In R.M. Farr & S. Moscovici (Eds.), Social representations (pp. 3 - 70). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
61. Moscovici, S. (1988). Notes towards a description of social representations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18, 211 - 250.
62. Moscovici, S. (2001). Why a theory of social representations. In K. Deaux & G. Philogne (Eds.), Representations of the social (pp. 8 - 35). Oxford: Blackwell.
63. Moscovici, S., & Hewstone, M. (1984). De la science au sens commun. In S. Moscovici (Ed.), Psychologie sociale (pp. 539 - 566). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
64. Mouffe, C. (1993). The return of the political. London: Verso.
65. Naidoo, J. (1986). Limits to individualism. In S. Rodmell & A. Watt (Eds.), The politics of health education (pp. 17 - 37). London: Routledge.
66. Nelkin, D., & Gilman, S.L. (1988). Placing blame for devastating disease. Social Research, 55, 361 - 378.
67. Nisbett, R., & Ross, L. (1980). Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgement. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
68. Oakes, P.J., Haslam, S.A., & Turner, J.C. (1994). Stereotyping and social reality. Oxford: Blackwell.
69. Oyserman, D., & Markus, H. (1998). The self as social representation. In U. Flick (Ed.), The psychology of the social (pp. 107 - 125). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
70. Prez, J.A., Moscovici, S., & Chulvi, B. (2007). The taboo against group contact: Hypothesis of Gypsy ontologization. British Journal of Social Psychology, 46, 249 - 272.
71. Philo, G. (Ed.). (1996). Media and mental distress. London: Longman.
72. Reicher, S., Hopkins, N., & Condor, S. (1997). Stereotype construction as a strategy of influence. In R. Spears, P.J. Oakes, N. Ellemers, & S.A. Haslam (Eds.), The social psychology of stereotyping and group life (pp. 94 - 118). Oxford: Blackwell.
73. Royzman, E.B., & Sabini, J. (2001). Something it takes to be an emotion: The interesting case of disgust. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 31, 29 - 59.
74. Said, E.W. (1978). Orientalism: Western conceptions of the orient. London: Penguin.
75. Sampson, E.E. (1988). The debate on individualism: Indigenous psychologies of the individual and their role in personal and societal functioning. American Psychologist, 43, 15 - 22.
76. Sanchez-Mazas, M. (2004). Racisme et xnophobie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
77. Sanchez-Mazas, M., & Licata, L. (Eds.). (2005). L'autre: Regards psychosociaux. Grenoble: Presses Universitaires de Grenoble.
78. Sontag, S. (1979). Illness as metaphor. New York: Vintage.
79. Staerkl, C. (2005). L'idal dmocratique perverti: Reprsentations antagonistes dans la mise en altrit du non-Occident. In M. Sanchez-Mazas & L. Licata (Eds.), L'autre: Regards psychosociaux (pp. 117 - 148). Grenoble: Presses Universitaires de Grenoble.
80. Staerkl, C., Clmence, A., & Doise, W. (1998). Perception of human rights across different national contexts: The role of democratic and non-democratic populations and governments. European Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 207 - 226.
81. Stangor, C., & Crandall, C.S. (2000). Threat and the social construction of stigma. In T.F. Heatherton, R.E. Kleck, M.R. Hebl, & J.G. Hull (Eds.), The social psychology of stigma (pp. 62 - 87). New York: Guilford.
82. Symons, D. (1979). The evolution of human sexuality. New York: Oxford University Press.
83. Tajfel, H. (1969). Cognitive aspects of prejudice. Journal of Social Issues, 25, 79 - 97.
84. Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
85. Tajfel, H. (1984). Intergroup relations, social myths and social justice in social psychology. In H.Tajfel (Ed.), The social dimension (Vol. 2, pp. 695 - 713). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
86. Tygart, C.E. (2000). Genetic causation attribution and public support of gay rights. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 12, 259 - 275.
87. Voet, R. (1998). Feminism and citizenship. London: Sage.
88. Wagner, W., & Kronberger, N. (2001). Killer tomatoes! Collective symbolic coping with biotechnology. In K. Deaux & Philogne (Eds.), Representations of the social (pp. 147 - 164). Oxford: Blackwell.
89. Weber, M. (1976). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism (2 nd ed.; T. Parsons, Trans.). London: Allen & Unwin. (Original work published 1904 - 1905.)