Cognitive Engagement and Cognitive Aging: Is Openness Protective?

Psychology and Aging

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 60-73

  Sharp, Emily Schoenhofen ^a   Reynolds, Chandra A ^b   Pedersen, Nancy L ^a,c   Gatz, Margaret ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Aging; Cognitive decline; Cognitive engagement; Openness to experience; Personality

Indexed keywords

AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MEMORY; MENTAL TEST; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; PERSONALITY; PERSONALITY TEST; SPATIAL DISCRIMINATION; SWEDEN; VERBAL COMMUNICATION;

ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COGNITION DISORDERS; DISEASES IN TWINS; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; LEISURE ACTIVITIES; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; MOTIVATION; QUESTIONNAIRES; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; STATISTICS AS TOPIC; TEMPERAMENT;

EID: 77950264421     PISSN: 08827974     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0018748     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Albert M.S., Jones K., Savage C.R., Berkman L. Predictors of cognitive change in older persons: MacArthur studies of successful aging. Psychology and Aging 1995, 10:578-589.
2. Andel R., Crowe M., Pedersen N.L., Mortimer J., Crimmins E., Johansson B., Gatz M. Complexity of work and risk of Alzheimer's disease: A population-based study of Swedish twins. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 2005, 60:251-258.
3. Andel R., Kareholt I., Parker M., Thorslund M., Gatz M. Complexity of primary lifetime occupation and cognition in advanced old age. Journal of Aging and Mental Health 2007, 19:397-415.
4. Baker T.J., Bichsel J. Personality predictors of intelligence: Differences between young and cognitively healthy older adults. Personality and Individual Differences 2006, 41:861-871.
5. Balsis S., Carpenter B.D., Storandt M. Personality change precedes clinical diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 2005, 60:98-101.
6. Barnes L.L., Mendes de Leon, Wilson R.S., Bienias J.L., Evans D.A. Social resources and cognitive decline in a population of older African Americans and Whites. Neurology 2004, 63:2322-2326.
7. Bergeman C.S., Chipuer H.M., Plomin R., Pedersen N.L., McClearn G.E., Nesselroade J.R., Costa P.T., McCrae R.R. Genetic and environmental effects on openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness: An adoption/twin study. Journal of Personality 1993, 61:159-179.
8. Booth J.E., Schinka J.A., Brown L.M., Mortimer J.A., Borenstein A.R. Five-factor personality dimensions, mood states, and cognitive performance in older adults. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2006, 28:676-683.
9. Bryk A.S., Raudenbush S.W. Application of hierarchical linear models to assessing change. Psychological Bulletin 1987, 101:147-158.
10. Byrk A.S., Raudenbush S.W. Hierarchical linear models 1992, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
11. Caspi A., Roberts B.W., Shiner R.L. Personality development: Stability and change. Annual Review of Psychology 2005, 56:453-484.
12. Cederlof R., Friberg L., Lundman T. The interactions of smoking, environment and heredity and their implications for disease etiology. Acta Medica Scandinavia 1977, 612:1-128.
13. Charles S.T., Reynolds C.A., Gatz M. Age-related differences and change in positive and negative affect over 23 years. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2001, 80:136-151.
14. Christensen H., Jorm A.F., Henderson A.S., MacKinnon A.J., Korten A.E., Scott L.R. The relationship between health and cognitive functioning in a sample of elderly people in the community. Age and Ageing 1994, 23:204-212.
15. Christensen H., Mackinnon A.J., Korten A.E., Jorm A.F., Hendersen A.S., Jacomb P. Dispersion in cognitive ability as a function of age: A longitudinal study of an elderly community sample. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 1999, 6:214-228.
16. Costa P.T., McCrae R.R. The NEO Personality Inventory manual 1985, Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL.
17. Costa P.T., McCrae R.R. Multiple uses for longitudinal personality data. European Journal of Longitudinal Research and Personality 1992, 6:85-102.
18. Costa P.T., McCrae R.R. Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) 1992, Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL.
19. Costa P.T., McCrae R.R. Longitudinal stability of adult personality. Handbook of personality psychology 1997, 269-290. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. R. Hogan, J.A. Johnson, S.R. Briggs (Eds.).
20. Crowe M., Andel R., Pedersen N.L., Fratiglioni L., Gatz M. Personality and risk of cognitive impairment. Psychology and Aging 2006, 21:573-580.
21. Crowe M., Andel R., Pedersen N.L., Johansson B., Gatz M. Does participation in leisure activities lead to reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease? A prospective study of Swedish twins. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 2003, 58:249-255.
22. Finkel D., Pedersen N.L. Processing speed and longitudinal trajectories of change for cognitive abilities: The Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. Aging, Neuropsychology, & Cognition 2004, 11:325-345.
23. Finkel D., Reynolds C.A., McArdle J.J., Gatz M., Pedersen N.L. Latent growth curve analyses of accelerating decline in cognitive abilities in late adulthood. Developmental Psychology 2003, 39:535-550.
24. Finkel D., Reynolds C.A., McArdle J.J., Pedersen N.L. The longitudinal relationship between processing speed and cognitive ability: Genetic and environmental influences. Behavior Genetics 2005, 35:535-549.
25. Fratiglioni L., Paillard-Borg S., Winblad B. An active and socially integrated lifestyle in late life might protect against dementia. The Lancet: Neurology 2004, 3:343-353.
26. Gatz M., Svedberg P., Pedersen N.L., Mortimer J.A., Berg S., Johansson B. Education and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: Findings from the study of dementia in Swedish twins. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 2001, 56:292-300.
27. Hendrie H.C., Albert M.S., Butters M.A., Gao S., Knopman D.S., Launer L.J., Wagster M.V. The NIH Cognitive and Emotional Health Project: Report of the Critical Evaluation Study Committee. Alzheimer's and Dementia 2006, 2:12-32.
28. Hertzog C., Kramer A.F., Wilson R.S., Lindenberger U. Enrichment effects on adult cognitive development: Can the functional capacity of older adults be preserved and enhanced?. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 2009, 9:1-65.
29. Hultsch D.F., Hertzog C., Small B.J., Dixon R.A. Use it or lose it: Engaged lifestyle as a buffer of cognitive decline in aging?. Psychology and Aging 1999, 14:245-263.
30. Jorm A.F., Mackinnon A.J., Christensen H., Henderson S., Scott R., Korten A. Cognitive functioning and neuroticism in an elderly community sample. Personality and Individual Differences 1993, 15:721-723.
31. Katzman R. Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993, 43:13-20.
32. Katzman R. Can late life social or leisure activities delay the onset of dementia?. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1995, 43:583-584.
33. Leibovici D., Ritchie K., Ledesert B., Touchon J. Does education level determine the course of cognitive decline?. Age and Ageing 1996, 25:392-397.
34. Little R.T.A. Modeling the drop-out mechanism in repeated-measures studies. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1995, 90:1112-1121.
35. McArdle J.J. A latent difference score approach to longitudinal dynamic structural analyses. Structural equation modeling: Present and future 2001, 342-380. Scientific Software, Lincolnwood, IL. R. Cudeck, S. duToit, D. Sorbom (Eds.).
36. McArdle J.J., Anderson E. Latent variable growth models for research on aging. Handbook of the psychology of aging 1990, 21-43. Plenum Press, New York. J.E. Birren, K.W. Schaie (Eds.).
37. McArdle J.J., Ferrer-Caja E., Hamagami F., Woodcock R.W. Comparative longitudinal structural analyses of the growth and decline of multiple intellectual abilities over the life span. Developmental Psychology 2002, 38:115-142.
38. McArdle J.J., Hamagami F. Modeling incomplete longitudinal and cross-sectional data using latent growth structural models. Experimental Aging Research 1992, 18:145-166.
39. McArdle J.J., Hamagami F. Structural equation models for evaluating dynamic concepts within longitudinal twin analyses. Behavior Genetics 2003, 33:137-159.
40. McArdle J.J., Hamagami F., Jones K., Jolesz F., Kikinis R., Spiro A., Albert M.S. Structural modeling of dynamic changes in memory and brain structure using longitudinal data from the normative aging study. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 2004, 59:294-304.
41. McCrae R.R. Openness to experience: Expanding the boundaries of Factor V. European Journal of Personality 1994, 8:251-272.
42. Muthén L.K., Muthén B.O. Mplus user's guide 1998-2007, Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles, CA. 5th ed.
43. Muthén L.K., Muthén B.O. How to use a Monte Carlo study to decide on sample size and determine power. Structural Equation Modeling 2002, 4:599-620.
44. Nesselroade J.R., Pedersen N.L., McClearn G.E., Plomin R., Bergeman C.S. Factorial and criterion validities of telephone-assessed cognitive ability measures: Age and gender comparisons in adult twins. Research on Aging 1988, 10:220-234.
45. Newson R.S., Kemps E.B. General lifestyle activities as a predictor of current cognition and cognitive change in older adults: A cross-sectional and longitudinal examination. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 2005, 60:113-120.
46. Pedersen N.L., Harris J.R. Functional capacity and activities of daily living [Abstract]. Behavior Genetics 1990, 20:740.
47. Pedersen N.L., McClearn G.E., Plomin R., Nesselroade J.R., Berg S., DeFaire U. The Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging: An update. Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae 1991, 40:7-20.
48. Pedersen N.L., Plomin R., Nesselroade J.R., McClearn G.E. Quantitative genetic analysis of cognitive abilities during the second half of the life span. Psychological Science 1992, 3:346-353.
49. Pedersen N.L., Reynolds C.A. Stability and change in adult personality: Genetic and environmental components. European Journal of Personality 1998, 12:365-386.
50. Reynolds C.A., Finkel D., Gatz M., Pedersen N.L. Sources of influence on rate of cognitive change over time in Swedish twins: An application of latent growth models. Experimental Aging Research 2002, 28:407-433.
51. Reynolds C.A., Gatz M., Pedersen N.L. Individual variation for cognitive decline: Quantitative methods for describing patterns of change. Psychology and Aging 2002, 17:271-287.
52. Roberts B.W., Kuncel N.R., Shiner R., Caspi A., Goldberg L.R. The power of personality: The comparative validity of personality traits, socioeconomic status, and cognitive ability for predicting important life outcomes. Perspectives on Psychological Science 2007, 2:313-345.
53. Roberts B.W., Robins R.W., Trzesniewski K., Caspi A. Personality trait development in adulthood. Handbook of the life course 2003, 579-598. Kluwer Academic, New York. J. Mortimer, M. Shanahan (Eds.).
54. Roepke S., McAdams L.A., Lindamer L.A., Patterson T.L., Jeste D.V. Personality profiles among normal aged individuals as measured by the NEO-PI-R. Aging & Mental Health 2001, 5:159-164.
55. Rose G., McCartney P., Reid D.D. Self-administration of a questionnaire on chest pain and intermittent claudication. British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine 1977, 31:42-48.
56. Salthouse T. Mental exercise and mental aging: Evaluating the validity of " use it or lose it" hypothesis. Perspectives on Psychological Science 2006, 1:68-87.
57. Salthouse T. Reply to Schooler. Consistent is not conclusive. Perspectives on Psychological Science 2007, 2:30-32.
58. SAS Version 9.0 2000, SAS Institute, Author, Cary, NC.
59. Schaie K.W., Willis S.L., Caskie G.I.L. The Seattle Longitudinal study: Relationship between personality and cognition. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 2004, 11:304-324.
60. Schooler C. Use it-and keep it longer, probably. A reply to Salthouse (2006). Perspectives on Psychological Science 2007, 2:24-29.
61. Seeman T., McAvay G., Merrill S., Albert M. Self-efficacy beliefs and change in cognitive performance: MacArthur studies on successful aging. Psychology and Aging 1996, 11:538-551.
62. Singer J.D., Willett J.B. Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence 2003, Oxford University Press, New York.
63. Stern Y. The concept of cognitive reserve: A catalyst for research. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2003, 25:589-593.
64. Stern Y. Cognitive reserve and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's Disease and Associated Disorders 2006, 20:69-79.
65. Stern Y., Alexander G.E., Prohovnik I., Stricks L., Link B., Lennon M.C., Mayeux R. Relationship between lifetime occupation and parietal flow: Implications for a reserve against Alzheimer's disease pathology. Neurology 1995, 45:55-60.
66. Terracciano A., McCrae R.R., Brant L.J., Costa P.T. Hierarchical linear modeling analysis of the NEO-PI-R scales in the Baltimore Longitudinal Aging Study. Psychology and Aging 2005, 20:493-506.
67. Wang H.X., Karp A., Winblad B., Fratiglioni L. Late-life engagement in social and leisure activities is associated with a decreased risk of dementia: A longitudinal study from the Kungsholmen project. American Journal of Epidemiology 2002, 155:1081-1087.
68. Wang J.Y.J., Zhou D.H.D., Li J., Zhang M., Deng J., Tang M., Chen M. Leisure activity and risk of cognitive impairment: The Chongqing aging study. Neurology 2006, 66:911-913.
69. Wilson R.S., Arnold S.E., Schneider J.A., Kelly J.F., Tang Y., Bennett D.A. Chronic psychological distress and risk of Alzheimer's disease in old age. Neuroepidemiology 2006, 27:143-153.
70. Wilson R.S., Barnes L.L., Bennett D.A., Li Y., Bienias J.L., Mendes de Leon C.F., Evans D.A. Proneness to psychological distress and risk of Alzheimer disease in a biracial community. Neurology 2005, 64:380-382.
71. Wilson R.S., Bennett D.A., Bienias J.L., Mendes de Leon C.F., Morris M.C., Evans D.A. Cognitive activity and cognitive decline in a biracial community population. Neurology 2003, 61:812-816.
72. Wilson R.S., Evans D.A., Bienias J.L., Mendes de Leon C.F., Schneider J.A., Bennett D.A. Proneness to psychological distress is associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 2003, 61:1479-1485.
73. Wilson R.S., Mendes De Leon C.F., Barnes L.L., Schnieder J.A., Bienias J.L., Evans D.A., Bennett D.A. Participation in cognitively stimulating activities and risk of incident Alzheimer disease. Journal of the American Medical Association 2002, 287:742-748.