Cognitive activity and cognitive decline in a biracial community population

Neurology

Volumn 61, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 812-816

  Wilson, Robert S ^a,b,c   Bennett, D A ^a   Bienias, J L ^b   Mendes de Leon, C F ^b   Morris, M C ^b   Evans, D A ^b  

^a RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CAUCASIAN; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COGNITIVE FUNCTION TEST; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; FUNCTION TEST; GEOGRAPHY; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEMORY DISORDER; NEGRO; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RACE DIFFERENCE; RATING SCALE; SCORING SYSTEM;

EID: 0141765724     PISSN: 00283878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000083989.44027.05     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Scarmeas N, Levy G, Tang M-X, Manly J, Stern Y. Influence of leisure activity on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 2001;57:2236-2242.
2. Wang, H-X, Karp A, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Late-life engagement in social and leisure activities is associated with a decreased risk of dementia: a longitudinal study from the Kungsholmen Project. Am J Epidemiol 2002;155:1081-1087.
3. Wilson RS, Mendes de Leon CF, Barnes LL, et al. Participation in cognitively stimulating activities and risk of incident Alzheimer's disease. JAMA 2002;287:742-748.
4. Wilson RS, Bennett DA, Bienias JL, et al. Cognitive activity and incident AD in a population-based sample of older persons. Neurology 2002;59:1910-1914.
5. Wilson RS, Bennett DA. Cognitive activity and risk of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Direct Psychol Sci 2003;12:87-91.
6. Christensen H, Mackinnon A. The association between mental, social, and physical activity and cognitive performance in young and old subjects. Age Ageing 1993;22:175-182.
7. Hultsch DF, Hammer M, Small BJ. Age differences in cognitive performance in later life: relationships to self-reported health and activity life style. J Gerontol Psych Sci 1993;48:P1-P11.
8. Wilson RS, Barnes LL, Bennett DA. Assessment of lifetime participation in cognitively stimulating activities. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2003;25:634-642.
9. Wilson RS, Bennett DA, Beckett LA, et al. Cognitive activity in older persons from a geographically defined population. J Gerontol Psych Sci 1999;54:P155-P160.
10. Friedland RP. Epidemiology, education, and the ecology of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993;43:246-249.
11. Katzman R. Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993;43:13-20.
12. Mortimer JA. Brain reserve and the clinical expression of Alzheimer's disease. Geriatrics 1997;52(suppl 2):S50-S53.
13. Hultsch D, Hertzog C, Small B, Dixon R. Use it or lose it: engaged lifestyle as a buffer of cognitive decline in aging? Psychol Aging 1999;14:245-263.
14. Aartsen MJ, Smits CHM, van Tilburg T, Knipscheer KCPM, Deeg DJH. Activity in older adults: cause or consequence of cognitive functioning? A longitudinal study of everyday activities and cognitive performance in older adults. J Gerontol Psych Sci 2002;57B:P153-P162.
15. Evans DA, Bennett DA, Wilson RS, et al. Incidence of Alzheimer's disease in a biracial urban community: relation to apolipoprotein E allele status. Arch Neurol 2003;60:185-189.
16. Albert MS, Smith LA, Scherr PA, Taylor JO, Evans DA, Funkenstein HH. Use of brief cognitive tests to identify individuals in the community with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease. Int J Neurosci 1991;57:167-178.
17. Smith A. Symbol Digit Modalities Test manual-revised. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Press, 1982.
18. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-Mental State. A practical method for grading the mental state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189-198.
19. Irwin M, Artin KH, Oxman MN. Screening for depression in the older adult: criterion validity of the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Arch Intern Med 1999;159:1701-1704.
20. Kohout FJ, Berkman LF, Evans DA, Cornoni-Huntley J. Two shorter forms of the CES-D depression symptoms index. J Aging Health 1993;5:179-193.
21. Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: a self report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Pyschol Meas 1977;1:385-401.
22. Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, et al. Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA 1963;185:914-923.
23. Laird N, Ware J. Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics 1982;36:963-973.
24. Wilson RS, Beckett LA, Barnes LL, et al. Individual differences in rates of change in cognitive abilities of older persons. Psychol Aging 2002;17:179-193.
25. Wilson RS, Gilley DW, Bennett DA, Beckett LA, Evans DA. Person-specific paths of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and their relation to age. Psychol Aging 2000;15:18-28.
26. SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 8. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, 2000.
27. Bowen J, Teri L, Kukull W, McCormick W, McCurry SM, Larson EB. Progression to dementia in patients with isolated memory loss. Lancet 1997;349:763-765.
28. Howieson DB, Dame A, Camicioli R, Sexton G, Payami H, Kaye JA. Cognitive markers preceding Alzheimer's dementia in the healthy oldest old. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997;45:584-589.
29. Ball K, Berch DB, Helmers KF, et al. Effects of cognitive training interventions with older adults: a randomized controlled clinical trial. JAMA 2002;288:2271-2281.
30. Kempermann G, Gast D, Gage FH. Neuroplasticity in old age: sustained fivefold induction of hippocampal neurogenesis by long-term environmental enrichment. Ann Neurol 2002;52:135-143.
31. Shors T, Miesegaes G, Beylin A, Zhao M, Rydel T, Gould E. Neurogenesis in the adult is involved in the formation of trace memories. Nature 2001;410:372-376.
32. Cummings J, Vinters H, Cole G, Khachaturian Z. Alzheimer's disease: etiologies, pathophysiology, cognitive reserve, and treatment opportunities. Neurology 1998;51(suppl 1):S2-S17.
33. Bennett DA, Wilson RS, Schneider JA, et al. Education modifies the relation of AD pathology to level of cognitive function in older persons. Neurology 2003 (in press).