Relative effects of tamoxifen, raloxifene, and conjugated equine estrogens on cognition

Journal of Women's Health

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 371-379

  Espeland, Mark A ^a   Shumaker, Sally A ^a   Limacher, Marian ^b   Rapp, Stephen R ^a   Bevers, Therese B ^c   Barad, David H ^d   Coker, Laura H ^a   Gaussoin, Sarah A ^a   Stefanick, Marcia L ^e   Lane, Dorothy S ^f   Maki, Pauline M ^g   Resnick, Susan M ^h  

^a WAKE FOREST SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER   (United States)

^d ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^f STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

^h NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; PLACEBO; RALOXIFENE; TAMOXIFEN;

AGED; ARTICLE; CAUCASIAN; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITION; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMENTIA; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HYSTERECTOMY; MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK FACTOR;

AGED; BREAST NEOPLASMS; COGNITION; ESTROGENS, CONJUGATED (USP); FEMALE; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; POSTMENOPAUSE; RALOXIFENE; RISK FACTORS; SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS; TAMOXIFEN;

EID: 77950236952     PISSN: 15409996     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2009.1605     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Vogel VG, Constantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al. Effects of tamoxifen vs. raloxifene on the risk of developing invasive breast cancer and other disease outcomes. JAMA 2006;295: 2727-2741.
2. Land SR, Wickerham DL. Constantino JP, et al. Patientreported symptoms and quality of life during treatment with tamoxifen or raloxifene for breast cancer prevention. JAMA 2006;295:2741-2751.
3. Legault C, Maki P, Resnick S, et al. Effects of tamoxifen and raloxifene on memory and other cognitive abilities: Cognition in the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene. J Clin Oncol 2009;40:5144-5152.
4. Nickelsen T, Lufkin EG, Riggs BL, Cox DA, Crook TH. Raloxifene hydrochloride, a selective estrogen receptor modulator: Safety assessment of effects on cognitive function and mood in postmenopausal women. Psychoendocrinology 1999;24:115-128.
5. Yaffe K, Krueger K, Sarkar S, et al. Cognitive function in postmenopausal women treated with raloxifene. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1207-1213.
6. Yaffe K, Krueger K, Cummings SR, et al. Effect of raloxifene on prevention of dementia and cognitive impairment in older women: The Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) randomized trial. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162:683-690.
7. Wong M, Moss R. Electrophysiological evidence for a rapid membrane action of the gonadal steroid, 17 beta-estradiol, on CA1 pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampus. Brain Res 1991;543:148-152.
8. Murphy D, Segal M. Regulation of dendritic spine density in cultured rat hippocampal neurons by steroid hormones. J Neurosci 1996;16:4059-4068.
9. Simpkins JW, Green PS, Gridely KE, Singh M, de Fiebre NC, Rajakumar G. Role of estrogen replacement therapy in memory enhancement and the prevention of neuronal loss associated with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Med 1997;103: 19S-25S.
10. Paganini-Hill A, Clark LJ. Preliminary assessment of cognitive function in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2000;64:165-176.
11. Eberling JL, Wu C, Tong-Turnbeaugh R, Jagust WJ. Estrogen- and tamoxifen-induced effects on brain structure and function. Neuroimage 2004;21:364-371.
12. Silva I, Mello LE, Freymuller E, Haidar MA, Baracat EC. Estrogen, progestogen, and tamoxifen increase synaptic density of the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats. Neurosci Lett 2000;291:183-186.
13. Breuer B, Anderson R. The relationship of tamoxifen with dementia, depression, and dependence in activities of daily living in elderly nursing home residents. Women Health 2000;31:71-75.
14. Dhandapani KM, Wade FM, Mahesh VB, Brann DW. Astrocyte-derived transforming growth factor-b mediates the neuroprotective effects of 17b-estradiol: Involvement of nonclassical genomic signaling pathways. Endocrinology 2005;146:2749-2759.
15. Ernst T, Chang L, Cooray D, et al. The effects of tamoxifen and estrogen on brain metabolism in elderly women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:592-597.
16. The Women's Health Initiative Study Group Design of the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study. Control Clin Trials 1998;19:61-109.
17. Shumaker SA, Reboussin BA, Espeland MA, et al. The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS): A trial of the effect of estrogen therapy in preventing and slowing the progression of dementia. Control Clin Trials 1998;19: 604-621.
18. Teng EL, Chui HC. The Modified Mini Mental State (3MS) Examination. J Clin Psychiatry 1987;48:314-318.
19. Gail MH, Brinton LA, Byar DP, et al. Projecting individualized probabilities of developing breast cancer for white females who are being examined annually. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989;81:1879-1886.
20. Bravo G, Hebert R. Reliability of the Modified Mini- Mental State Examination in the context of a two-phase community prevalence study. Neuroepidemiology 1997;16: 141-148.
21. Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321-333.
22. The Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee. Effects of conjugated equine estrogens in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: The Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291:1701-1712.
23. Rapp SR, Espeland MA, Hogan P, Jones BN, Dugan E. Baseline experience with the Modified Mini-Mental State Exam: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS). Aging Mental Health 2003;7:217-223.
24. Littell RC, Milliken GA, Stroup WW, Wolfinger RD. SAS system for mixed models. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, 1996.
25. Espeland MA, Rapp SR, Shumaker SA, et al. Conjugated equine estrogens and global cognitive function in postmenopausal women. JAMA 2004;291:2959-2968.
26. Espeland MA, Rapp SR, Robertson J, et al. Benchmarks for designing two-stage studies using Modified Mini-Mental State Examinations: Experience from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. Clin Trials 2006;3:99-106.
27. Shumaker SA, Legault C, Kuller L, et al. Conjugated equine estrogen alone, pooled hormone therapy, and incidence of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. JAMA 2004;291:2947-2958.
28. Lumley T. Network meta-analysis for indirect treatment comparisons. Statist Med 2002;21:2323-2324.
29. Resnick SM, Coker LH, Maki PM, Rapp SR, Espeland MA, Shumaker SA. The Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging (WHISCA): A randomized clinical trial of the effects of hormone therapy on age-associated cognitive decline. Clin Trials 2004;1:440-450.
30. Neven P, Quail D, Marin F, et al. Comparing raloxifene with continuous combined estrogen-progestin therapy in postmenopausal women: Review of Euralox 1. Maturitas 2005; 52:87-101.
31. Natale V, Albertazzi P, Missiroli N, Pedrini D, Salgarello M. Effects of raloxifene on mood, sleep, libido and cognitive function in postmenopausal healthy women: A pilot study. Maturitas 2004;48:59-63.
32. Jenkins V, Shilling V, Fallowfield L, Howell A, Hutton S. Does hormone therapy for the treatment of breast cancer have a detrimental effect on memory and cognition? A pilot study. Psychooncology 2004;13:61-66.
33. Bender C, Sereika S, Berga SM, Vogel C, Brufsky AM, Ryan CM. Cognitive impairment associated with adjuvant therapy in women with breast cancer. Psychooncology 2006;15: 422-430.
34. Coker LH, Hogan PE, Bryan NR, et al. The effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy on volumetric sub-clinical cerebrovascular disease: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study (WHIMS-MRI). Neurology 2009;72:125-134.
35. Resnick SR, Espeland MA, Jaramillo SA, et al. Effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy on regional brain volumes in older women: The Women's Health Initiative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study (WHIMS-MRI). Neurology 2009;72:135-142.
36. Ciriza I, Carrero P, Azcoitia I, Lundeen SG, Garcia-Segura LM. Selective estrogen receptor modulators protect hippocampal neurons from kainic acid excitotoxicity: Differences with the effect of estradiol. Int J Neurobiol 2004;61: 209-221.
37. Neele SJ, Rombouts SA, Bierlaagh ME, Barkhof F, Scheltens P, Netelenbos JC. Raloxifene affects brain activation patterns in postmenopausal women during visual encoding. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:1422-1424.
38. Resnick SM, Maki PM, Golski S, Kraut MA, Zonderman AB. Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on PET cerebral blood flow and neuropsychological performance. Horm Behav 1998;34:171-182.