메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 63, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 267-278

Primary and secondary prevention of Ischemic Stroke

Author keywords

Primary prevention; Stroke; Transient ischemic attack

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ATORVASTATIN; CLOPIDOGREL; DABIGATRAN; DIPYRIDAMOLE; EPROSARTAN; ESTROGEN; GESTAGEN; INDAPAMIDE; NITRENDIPINE; PERINDOPRIL; PLACEBO; SIMVASTATIN; TICLOPIDINE; WARFARIN;

EID: 77950036727     PISSN: 00143022     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000285183     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (29)

References (86)
  • 1
    • 58149120422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Heart Association: Heart disease and stroke. Statistics 2009 Update
    • Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, et al: American Heart Association: Heart disease and stroke. Statistics 2009. Update. Circulation 2009;119:e1-e161.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.119
    • Lloyd-Jones, D.1    Adams, R.2    Carnethon, M.3
  • 2
    • 0020061073 scopus 로고
    • Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. III. Reduction in stroke incidence among persons with high blood pressure
    • Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group
    • Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. III. Reduction in stroke incidence among persons with high blood pressure. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group. JAMA 1982; 247: 633-638.
    • (1982) JAMA , vol.247 , pp. 633-638
  • 3
    • 0025831464 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP)
    • SHEP Cooperative Research Group
    • Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). SHEP Cooperative Research Group. JAMA 1991; 265: 3255-3264.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 3255-3264
  • 4
    • 0026512315 scopus 로고
    • Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: Principal results
    • Party MW: Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: principal results. BMJ 1992; 304: 405-412.
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.304 , pp. 405-412
    • Party, M.W.1
  • 5
    • 0025942936 scopus 로고
    • Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOPHypertension)
    • Dahlöf B, Lindholm LH, Hansson L, et al: Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOPHypertension). Lancet 1991; 338: 1281-1285.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.338 , pp. 1281-1285
    • Dahlöf, B.1    Lindholm, L.H.2    Hansson, L.3
  • 6
    • 68349131420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usual versus tight control of systolic blood pressure in non-diabetic patients with hypertension (Cardio-Sis): An open-label randomised trial
    • Verdecchia P, Staessen JA, Angeli F, et al: Usual versus tight control of systolic blood pressure in non-diabetic patients with hypertension (Cardio-Sis): an open-label randomised trial. Lancet 2009; 374: 525-533.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 525-533
    • Verdecchia, P.1    Staessen, J.A.2    Angeli, F.3
  • 7
    • 0344373794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial: Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs. diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)
    • ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group
    • ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial: Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs. diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2981-2997.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 2981-2997
  • 8
    • 0034688194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of an angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients
    • HOPE Investigators
    • HOPE Investigators: Effects of an angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 145-153.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 145-153
  • 10
    • 0342981862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels
    • Sacks F, Pfeffer M, Moye L, et al: The effects of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 1001-1009.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 1001-1009
    • Sacks, F.1    Pfeffer, M.2    Moye, L.3
  • 11
    • 0032487931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels
    • Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group
    • Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group: Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1349-1357.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 1349-1357
  • 12
    • 0032926503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of stroke incidence after myocardial infarction with pravastatin: The Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) study
    • The CARE Investigators
    • Plehn J, Davis B, Sacks F, et al: Reduction of stroke incidence after myocardial infarction with pravastatin: the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) study. The CARE Investigators. Circulation 1999; 99: 216-223.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 216-223
    • Plehn, J.1    Davis, B.2    Sacks, F.3
  • 13
    • 0037031061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 13 MRC/BHF Heart protection study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: A randomized placebo- controlled trial
    • MRC/BHF Heart protection study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: a randomized placebo- controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 7-22.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 7-22
  • 14
    • 0037132607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs. usual care
    • ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group
    • ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group: Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs. usual care. JAMA 2002; 288: 2998-3007.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 2998-3007
  • 15
    • 0027243348 scopus 로고
    • Summary of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel II Report
    • Summary of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel II Report. JAMA 1993; 269: 3015-3023.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 3015-3023
  • 16
    • 66549097705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American association of clinical endocrinologists and American diabetes association consensus statement on inpatients glycemic control
    • Moghissi ES, Korytkowski MT, DiNardo MM, et al: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatients glycemic control. Diabetes Care 2009; 32: 1119-1131.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 1119-1131
    • Moghissi, E.S.1    Korytkowski, M.T.2    Dinardo, M.M.3
  • 17
    • 0033620379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of a first stroke: A review of guidelines and a multidisciplinary consensus statement from the National Stroke Association
    • Gorelick P, Sacco R, Smith D, et al: Prevention of a first stroke: a review of guidelines and a multidisciplinary consensus statement from the National Stroke Association. JAMA 1999; 281: 1112-1120.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 1112-1120
    • Gorelick, P.1    Sacco, R.2    Smith, D.3
  • 18
    • 84945702108 scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation and decreased risk of stroke in women
    • Kamachi I, Colditz G, Stampfer M, et al: Smoking cessation and decreased risk of stroke in women. JAMA 1993; 269: 232-236.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 232-236
    • Kamachi, I.1    Colditz, G.2    Stampfer, M.3
  • 19
    • 0023845614 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke: The Framingham Study
    • Wolf P, D'Agostino R, Kannel W, et al: Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. JAMA 1988; 259: 1025-1029.
    • (1988) JAMA , vol.259 , pp. 1025-1029
    • Wolf, P.1    D'Agostino, R.2    Kannel, W.3
  • 20
    • 0030846507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke prevention: Windows of opportunity and failed expectations - A discussion of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and a prevention proposal
    • Gorelick P: Stroke prevention: windows of opportunity and failed expectations - a discussion of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and a prevention proposal. Neuroepidemiology 1997; 16: 163-173.
    • (1997) Neuroepidemiology , vol.16 , pp. 163-173
    • Gorelick, P.1
  • 24
    • 15844372437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NIH Consensus Development Panel: Physical activity and cardiovascular health
    • NIH Consensus Development Panel: Physical activity and cardiovascular health. JAMA 1996; 276: 241-246.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 241-246
  • 25
    • 0028198403 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity in older middle-aged men and reduced risk of stroke: The Honolulu Heart Program
    • Abbott R, Rodriguez B, Burchfiel C, Curb J: Physical activity in older middle-aged men and reduced risk of stroke: the Honolulu Heart Program. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 139: 881-893. (Pubitemid 24138391)
    • (1994) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.139 , Issue.9 , pp. 881-893
    • Abbott, R.D.1    Rodriguez, B.L.2    Burchfiel, C.M.3    Curb, J.D.4
  • 26
    • 0028248233 scopus 로고
    • Exercise in the prevention of stroke
    • Fletcher G: Exercise in the prevention of stroke. Health Reports 1994; 6: 106-110.
    • (1994) Health Reports , vol.6 , pp. 106-110
    • Fletcher, G.1
  • 27
    • 0028131941 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and stroke risk: The Framingham Study
    • Kiely D, Wolf P, Cupples L, et al: Physical activity and stroke risk: the Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 140: 608-620.
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.140 , pp. 608-620
    • Kiely, D.1    Wolf, P.2    Cupples, L.3
  • 28
    • 0027365728 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors of stroke incidence and mortality. A 12-year follow-up of the Oslo Study
    • Haheim L, Holme I, Hjermann I, Leren P: Risk factors of stroke incidence and mortality. A 12-year follow-up of the Oslo Study. Stroke 1993; 24: 1484-1489.
    • (1993) Stroke , vol.24 , pp. 1484-1489
    • Haheim, L.1    Holme, I.2    Hjermann, I.3    Leren, P.4
  • 29
    • 0029944725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and stroke incidence in women and men: The NHANES i epidemiologic follow-up study
    • Gillum R, Mussolino M, Ingram D: Physical activity and stroke incidence in women and men - the NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study. Am J Epidemiol 1996; 143: 860-869. (Pubitemid 26131093)
    • (1996) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.143 , Issue.9 , pp. 860-869
    • Gillum, R.F.1    Mussolino, M.E.2    Ingram, D.D.3
  • 30
    • 0031884140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leisure- time physical activity and ischaemic stroke risk: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study
    • Sacco R, Gan R, Boden-Albala B, et al: Leisure- time physical activity and ischaemic stroke risk: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Stroke 1998; 29: 380-387.
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 380-387
    • Sacco, R.1    Gan, R.2    Boden-Albala, B.3
  • 31
    • 0026544569 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and stroke in British middle aged men
    • Wannamethee G, Shaper A: Physical activity and stroke in British middle aged men. BMJ 1992; 304: 597-601.
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.304 , pp. 597-601
    • Wannamethee, G.1    Shaper, A.2
  • 32
    • 0344109082 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke in women
    • Manson J, Stampfer M, Willett W, et al: Physical activity and incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke in women. Circulation 1995; 91(Suppl):5.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 5
    • Manson, J.1    Stampfer, M.2    Willett, W.3
  • 33
    • 0032958805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise and risk of stroke in male physicians
    • Lee I, Hennekens C, Berger K, et al: Exercise and risk of stroke in male physicians. Stroke 1999; 30: 1-6.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 1-6
    • Lee, I.1    Hennekens, C.2    Berger, K.3
  • 34
    • 0029873301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other risk factors for coronary heart disease in female runners
    • Williams P: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other risk factors for coronary heart disease in female runners. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 1298-1303.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 1298-1303
    • Williams, P.1
  • 35
    • 0028788020 scopus 로고
    • Total plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular risk profile - The Hordaland Homocysteine Study
    • Nygard O, Vollset S, et al: Total plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular risk profile - the Hordaland Homocysteine Study. JAMA 1995; 274: 1526-1533.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 1526-1533
    • Nygard, O.1    Vollset, S.2
  • 36
    • 0028920708 scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of fruits and vegetables on development of stroke in men
    • Gillman M, Cupples L, Posner B, et al: Protective effects of fruits and vegetables on development of stroke in men. JAMA 1995; 273: 1113-1117.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 1113-1117
    • Gillman, M.1    Cupples, L.2    Posner, B.3
  • 37
    • 0027393939 scopus 로고
    • Poor plasma status of carotene and vitamin C is associated with higher mortality from ischaemic heart disease and stroke
    • Gey K, Stahelin H, Eichholzer M: Poor plasma status of carotene and vitamin C is associated with higher mortality from ischaemic heart disease and stroke. Clin Invest Med 1993; 71: 3-6.
    • (1993) Clin Invest Med , vol.71 , pp. 3-6
    • Gey, K.1    Stahelin, H.2    Eichholzer, M.3
  • 38
    • 0023105455 scopus 로고
    • Dietary potassium and stroke-associated mortality
    • Khaw K, Barrett-Connor E: Dietary potassium and stroke-associated mortality. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 235-240.
    • (1987) N Engl J Med , vol.316 , pp. 235-240
    • Khaw, K.1    Barrett-Connor, E.2
  • 39
    • 69449083823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin e intake: A primary preventive measure in stroke
    • Benson R, Jacobs B, Boden-Albala B, et al: Vitamin E intake: a primary preventive measure in stroke. Neurology 1999; 52:A146.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.52
    • Benson, R.1    Jacobs, B.2    Boden-Albala, B.3
  • 40
    • 0030839661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidants and atherosclerotic heart disease
    • Diaz M, Frei B, Vita J, Keaney J: Antioxidants and atherosclerotic heart disease. N Engl J Med 1997; 282: 408-416.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.282 , pp. 408-416
    • Diaz, M.1    Frei, B.2    Vita, J.3    Keaney, J.4
  • 41
    • 8044219687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary vitamin C, beta-carotene and 30-year risk of stroke: Results from the Western Electric Study
    • Daviglus ML, Orencia AJ, Dyer AR, et al: Dietary vitamin C, beta-carotene and 30-year risk of stroke: results from the Western Electric Study. Neuroepidemiology 1997; 16: 69-77.
    • (1997) Neuroepidemiology , vol.16 , pp. 69-77
    • Daviglus, M.L.1    Orencia, A.J.2    Dyer, A.R.3
  • 42
    • 0029972834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary calcium and milk consumption on risk of thromboembolic stroke in older middle- aged men. the Honolulu Heart Study
    • Abbott R, Curb D, Rodriguez B, et al: Effect of dietary calcium and milk consumption on risk of thromboembolic stroke in older middle- aged men. The Honolulu Heart Study. Stroke 1996; 27: 813-818.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 813-818
    • Abbott, R.1    Curb, D.2    Rodriguez, B.3
  • 43
    • 0030043564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish consumption and stroke in men. 30-year findings of the Chicago Western Electric Study
    • Orenica A, Daviglus M, Dyer A, et al: Fish consumption and stroke in men. 30-year findings of the Chicago Western Electric Study. Stroke 1996; 27: 204-209.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 204-209
    • Orenica, A.1    Daviglus, M.2    Dyer, A.3
  • 44
    • 0029008571 scopus 로고
    • Fish consumption and cardiovascular disease in the Physicians' Health Study: A prospective study
    • Morris M, Manson J, Rosner B, et al: Fish consumption and cardiovascular disease in the Physicians' Health Study: a prospective study. Am J Epidemiology 1995; 142: 166-175.
    • (1995) Am J Epidemiology , vol.142 , pp. 166-175
    • Morris, M.1    Manson, J.2    Rosner, B.3
  • 46
    • 0031723797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total homocyst(e)ine concentration and the likelihood of nonfatal stroke: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
    • Giles W, Croft J, Greenlund K, et al: Total homocyst(e)ine concentration and the likelihood of nonfatal stroke - results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Stroke 1998; 29: 2473-2477. (Pubitemid 28543992)
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , Issue.12 , pp. 2473-2477
    • Giles, W.H.1    Croft, J.B.2    Greenlund, K.J.3    Ford, E.S.4    Kittner, S.J.5
  • 47
    • 0031873852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homocysteine as a risk factor for ischaemic stroke: An epidemiological story in evolution
    • Sacco R, Roberts J, Jacobs B: Homocysteine as a risk factor for ischaemic stroke: an epidemiological story in evolution. Neuroepidemiology 1998; 17: 167-173.
    • (1998) Neuroepidemiology , vol.17 , pp. 167-173
    • Sacco, R.1    Roberts, J.2    Jacobs, B.3
  • 48
    • 77952957244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low dietary intake of vitamin B6 is associated with an increased risk of ischaemic stroke
    • Jacobs B, Sacco R, Lui R, et al: Low dietary intake of vitamin B6 is associated with an increased risk of ischaemic stroke. Stroke 1999; 30: 252.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 252
    • Jacobs, B.1    Sacco, R.2    Lui, R.3
  • 49
    • 1342309318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lowering homocysteine in patients with ischemic stroke to prevent recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and death: The Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) randomized controlled trial
    • Toole JF, Malinow MR, Chambless LE, et al: Lowering homocysteine in patients with ischemic stroke to prevent recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and death: the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291: 565-575.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 565-575
    • Toole, J.F.1    Malinow, M.R.2    Chambless, L.E.3
  • 51
    • 0037534909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of estrogen plus progestin on stroke in postmenopausal women. the Women's Health Initiative: A randomized trial
    • Wassertheil-Smoller S, Hendrix S, Limacher M, et al: Effect of estrogen plus progestin on stroke in postmenopausal women. The Women's Health Initiative: a randomized trial. JAMA 2003; 289: 2673-2684.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 2673-2684
    • Wassertheil-Smoller, S.1    Hendrix, S.2    Limacher, M.3
  • 52
    • 0028938324 scopus 로고
    • Executive Committee for the asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis study: Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis
    • Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study: Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis. JAMA 1995; 273: 1421-1428.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 1421-1428
  • 53
    • 2342492418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of disabling and fatal strokes by successful carotid endarterectomy in patients without recent neurological symptoms: Randomised controlled trial
    • MRC Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial (ACST). Collaborative Group
    • MRC Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial (ACST) Collaborative Group: Prevention of disabling and fatal strokes by successful carotid endarterectomy in patients without recent neurological symptoms: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 363: 1491-1502.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 1491-1502
  • 54
    • 70349306707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation
    • Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al: Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 1139-1151.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.361 , pp. 1139-1151
    • Connolly, S.J.1    Ezekowitz, M.D.2    Yusuf, S.3
  • 55
    • 65649145705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of clopidogrel added to aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation
    • Connolly SJ, Pogue J, Hart RG, et al: Effect of clopidogrel added to aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 2066-2078.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 2066-2078
    • Connolly, S.J.1    Pogue, J.2    Hart, R.G.3
  • 56
    • 0034688194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of an angiotensin-converting- enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators
    • Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davies R, Dagenais G: Effects of an angiotensin-converting- enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 145-153.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 145-153
    • Yusuf, S.1    Sleight, P.2    Pogue, J.3    Bosch, J.4    Davies, R.5    Dagenais, G.6
  • 57
    • 0035968623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure- lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack
    • PROGRESS Collaborative Group
    • PROGRESS Collaborative Group: Randomized trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure- lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001; 358: 1033-1042.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 1033-1042
  • 59
    • 20444427156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality and morbidity after stroke - Eprosartan compared with nitrendipine for secondary prevention: Principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES)
    • Schrader J, Luders S, Kulschewski A, Hammersen F, Plate K, Berger J, et al: Mortality and morbidity after stroke - eprosartan compared with nitrendipine for secondary prevention: principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES). Stroke 2005; 36: 1218-1226.
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , pp. 1218-1226
    • Schrader, J.1    Luders, S.2    Kulschewski, A.3    Hammersen, F.4    Plate, K.5    Berger, J.6
  • 60
    • 0242694033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure reduction and secondary prevention of stroke and other vascular events: A systematic review
    • Rashid P, Leonardi-Bee J, Bath P: Blood pressure reduction and secondary prevention of stroke and other vascular events: a systematic review. Stroke 2003; 34: 2741-2748.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 2741-2748
    • Rashid, P.1    Leonardi-Bee, J.2    Bath, P.3
  • 61
    • 33747405973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of stroke
    • Zhang H, Thijs L, Staessen JA: Blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of stroke. Hypertension 2006; 48: 187-195.
    • (2006) Hypertension , vol.48 , pp. 187-195
    • Zhang, H.1    Thijs, L.2    Staessen, J.A.3
  • 62
    • 33748168854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of blood pressure after stroke
    • Bath PM, Sprigg N: Control of blood pressure after stroke. Hypertension 2006; 48. 203-204.
    • (2006) Hypertension , vol.48 , pp. 203-204
    • Bath, P.M.1    Sprigg, N.2
  • 63
    • 70349406414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing stroke: The PROFESS, ONTARGET, and TRASCEND trial programs
    • Diener HC: Preventing stroke: the PROFESS, ONTARGET, and TRASCEND trial programs. J Hypertens 2009; 27(Suppl 5):S31-S36.
    • (2009) J Hypertens , vol.27 , Issue.SUPPL. 5
    • Diener, H.C.1
  • 66
    • 33746895436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack
    • SPARCL Investigators
    • SPARCL Investigators: High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 549-559.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 549-559
  • 67
    • 64349105221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid management in the prevention of stroke: Review and updated meta-analysis of statins for stroke prevention
    • Amarenco P, Labreuche J: Lipid management in the prevention of stroke: review and updated meta-analysis of statins for stroke prevention. Lancet Neurol 2009; 8: 453-463.
    • (2009) Lancet Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 453-463
    • Amarenco, P.1    Labreuche, J.2
  • 68
    • 0035846302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracranial carotid stenosis
    • Sacco R: Extracranial carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1113-1118.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1113-1118
    • Sacco, R.1
  • 69
    • 0025869608 scopus 로고
    • Interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70-99%) or with mild (0-29%) carotid stenosis
    • ECST Investigators
    • ECST Investigators: Interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70-99%) or with mild (0-29%) carotid stenosis. Lancet 1991; 337: 1235-1243.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 1235-1243
  • 70
    • 0034883839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endovascular treatment of symptomatic carotid stenosis using stent placement: Long-term follow- up of patients with a balanced surgical risk/benefit ratio
    • Dietz A, Kerkefeld J, Theron J, et al: Endovascular treatment of symptomatic carotid stenosis using stent placement: long-term follow- up of patients with a balanced surgical risk/benefit ratio. Stroke 2001; 32: 1855-1859.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 1855-1859
    • Dietz, A.1    Kerkefeld, J.2    Theron, J.3
  • 71
    • 0035795969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endovascular versus surgical treatment in patients with carotid stenosis in the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS): A randomized trial
    • CAVATAS Investigators
    • CAVATAS Investigators: Endovascular versus surgical treatment in patients with carotid stenosis in the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS): a randomized trial. Lancet 2001; 357: 1729-1737.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 1729-1737
  • 72
    • 42049103431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term results of carotid stenting versus endarterectomy in high risk patients: The Sapphire Study
    • Gurm HS, Yadav JS, Fayad P, et al: Long-term results of carotid stenting versus endarterectomy in high risk patients: the Sapphire Study. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 1572-1579.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 1572-1579
    • Gurm, H.S.1    Yadav, J.S.2    Fayad, P.3
  • 74
    • 69749120915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poor outcome after endovascular treatment of symptomatic carotid stenosis: Time for a moratorium
    • Rothwell PM: Poor outcome after endovascular treatment of symptomatic carotid stenosis: time for a moratorium. Lancet Neurology 2009; 8: 871-873.
    • (2009) Lancet Neurology , vol.8 , pp. 871-873
    • Rothwell, P.M.1
  • 75
    • 0037065502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration: Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients
    • Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration: Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002; 324: 71-86.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.324 , pp. 71-86
  • 76
    • 65849268320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration: Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: A collaborative meta- analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials
    • Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration: Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: a collaborative meta- analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet 2009; 373: 1849-1860.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.373 , pp. 1849-1860
  • 77
    • 0038142850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspirin and ticlopidine for prevention of recurrent stroke in black patients: A randomized trial
    • Gorelick P, Richardson D, Kelly M, et al: Aspirin and ticlopidine for prevention of recurrent stroke in black patients: a randomized trial. JAMA 2003; 289: 2947-2957.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 2947-2957
    • Gorelick, P.1    Richardson, D.2    Kelly, M.3
  • 78
    • 0030297319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Stroke Prevention Study. 2. Dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid in the secondary prevention of stroke
    • Diener H, Cunha L, Forbes C, et al: European Stroke Prevention Study. 2. Dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid in the secondary prevention of stroke. J Neurol Sci 1996; 143: 1-13.
    • (1996) J Neurol Sci , vol.143 , pp. 1-13
    • Diener, H.1    Cunha, L.2    Forbes, C.3
  • 79
    • 33646596912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspirin plus dipyridamole versus aspirin alone after cerebral ischemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): Randomised controlled trial
    • Halkes PH, van Gijn J, Kappelle LJ, et al: Aspirin plus dipyridamole versus aspirin alone after cerebral ischemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2006; 367: 1665-1673.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , pp. 1665-1673
    • Halkes, P.H.1    Van Gijn, J.2    Kappelle, L.J.3
  • 80
    • 0030590746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE)
    • CAPRIE Committee
    • CAPRIE Committee: A randomized, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 1996; 348: 1329-1339.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 1329-1339
  • 81
    • 3242770664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • MATCH investigators
    • Diener HC, Bogousslavsky J, Brass LM et al, MATCH investigators. Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 364: 331-337.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 331-337
    • Diener, H.C.1    Bogousslavsky, J.2    Brass, L.M.3
  • 82
    • 51449116270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel for recurrent stroke
    • Sacco RL, Diener HC, Yusuf S, et al: Aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel for recurrent stroke. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1238-1251.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 1238-1251
    • Sacco, R.L.1    Diener, H.C.2    Yusuf, S.3
  • 83
    • 0035892035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of warfarin and aspirin for the prevention of recurrent ischaemic stroke
    • Mohr J, Thompson J, Lazar R, et al: A comparison of warfarin and aspirin for the prevention of recurrent ischaemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1444-1451.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1444-1451
    • Mohr, J.1    Thompson, J.2    Lazar, R.3
  • 84
    • 20144366696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of warfarin and aspirin for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis
    • Chimowitz MI, Lynn, MJ, Howlett-Smith H, et al: Comparison of warfarin and aspirin for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1305-1316.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 1305-1316
    • Chimowitz, M.I.1    Lynn, M.J.2    Howlett-Smith, H.3
  • 85
    • 1342309318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lowering homocysteine in patients with ischemic stroke to prevent recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and death: The Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) randomized controlled trial
    • Toole JF, Malinow MR, Chambless LE, et al: Lowering homocysteine in patients with ischemic stroke to prevent recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and death: the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291: 565-575.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 565-575
    • Toole, J.F.1    Malinow, M.R.2    Chambless, L.E.3
  • 86
    • 0037024261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of medical treatment in stroke patients with patent foramen ovale: Patent foramen ovale in Cryptogenic Stroke Study
    • Homma S, Sacco R, Di Tullio M, et al: Effect of medical treatment in stroke patients with patent foramen ovale: patent foramen ovale in Cryptogenic Stroke Study. Circulation 2002; 105: 2625-2631
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 2625-2631
    • Homma, S.1    Sacco, R.2    Di Tullio, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.