Reduction of stroke incidence after myocardial infarction with pravastatin: The Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) study

Circulation

Volumn 99, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 216-223

  Plehn, Jonathan F ^e   Davis, Barry R ^f   Sacks, Frank M ^a   Rouleau, Jean L ^b   Pfeffer, Marc A ^a   Bernstein, Victoria ^c   Cuddy, T Edward ^d   Moyé, Lemuel A ^f   Piller, Linda B ^f   Rutherford, John ^f   Simpson, Lara M ^f   Braunwald, Eugene ^a  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b MONTREAL HEART INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^d HEALTH SCIENCES CENTRE   (Canada)

^e DARTMOUTH HITCHCOCK MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^f NONE

Author keywords

Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol; Lipids; Myocardial infarction; Stroke

Indexed keywords

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PRAVASTATIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG SAFETY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEART INFARCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STROKE; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK;

EID: 0032926503     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.99.2.216     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Iso H, Jacobs D Jr, Wentworth D, Neaton J, Cohen J, for the MRFIT Research Group. Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:904-910.
2. Gordon T, Kannel W, Castelli W, Dawber T. Lipoproteins, cardiovascular disease, and death: the Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med. 1981;141: 1128-1131.
3. Kagan A, Popper J, Rhoads G. Factors related to stroke incidence in Hawaiian Japanese men: the Honolulu Heart Study. Stroke. 1980;11: 14-21.
4. Tanaka H, Ueda Y, Hayashi M, Date C, Baba T, Yamashita H, Shoji H, Tanaka Y, Owada K, Detels R. Risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction in a Japanese rural community. Stroke. 1982;13:62-73.
5. Qizilbash N, Duffy S, Warlow C, Mann J. Lipids are risk factors for ischaemic stroke: overview and review. Cerebrovasc Dis. 1992;2: 127-136.
6. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and stroke: 13,000 strokes in 450,000 people in 45 prospective cohorts. Lancet. 1995;346:1647-1653.
7. Tell G, Crouse J, Furberg C. Relation between blood lipids, lipoproteins, and cerebrovascular atherosclerosis: a review. Stroke. 1988;19:423-430.
8. Atkins D, Psaty B, Koepsell T, Longstreth W, Larson E. Cholesterol reduction and the risk for stroke in men: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:136-145.
9. Byington RP. Jukema JW, Salonen JT, Pitt B, Bruschke AV, Hoen H, Furberg CD, Mancini GB. Reduction in cardiovascular events during pravastatin therapy: pooled analysis of clinical events of the Pravastatin Atherosclerosis Intervention Program. Circulation. 1995;92:2419-2425.
10. The Pravastatin Multinational Study Group for Cardiac Risk Patients. Effects of pravastatin in patients with serum total cholesterol levels from 5.2 to 7.8 mmol/liter (200 to 300 mg/dl) plus two additional atherosclerotic risk factors. Am J Cardiol. 1993;72:1031-1037.
11. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1994;344: 1383-1389.
12. Pedersen T, Kjekshus J, Pyorala K, Olsson A, Cook T, Musliner T, Tobert J, Haghfelt T. Effect of simvastatin on ischemic signs and symptoms in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Am J Cardiol. 1998; 81:333-335.
13. Sacks F, Pfeffer M, Moyé L, Brown L, Hamm P, Cole T, Hawkins C, Braunwald E, for the Care Investigators. Rationale and design of a secondary prevention trial of lowering normal plasma cholesterol levels after acute myocardial infarction: the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events trial (CARE). Am J Cardiol. 1991;68:1436-1446. [Erratum, Am J Cardiol. 1992;69:574].
14. Sacks F, Pfeffer M, Moye L, Rouleau J, Rutherford J, Cole T, Brown L, Warnica J, Arnold J, Wun C, Davis B, Braunwald E, for the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial Investigators. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1001-1009.
15. Loh E, St. John Sutton M, Wun C, Rouleau J, Flaker G, Gottlieb S, Lamas G, Moyé L, Goldhaber S, Pfeffer M. Ventricular dysfunction and the risk of stroke after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:251-257.
16. Wolf P, Kannel W, Verter J. Current status of risk factors for stroke. Neurol Clin. 1983;1:317-343.
17. Cox D. Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc [B]. 1972;34: 187-220.
18. Menotti A, Keys A, Blackburn H, Aravanis C, Dontas A, Fidanza F, Giampaoli S, Karvonen M, Kromhout D, Nedeljkovic S, Nissinen A, Pekkanen J, Punsar S, Seccareccia F, Toshima H. Twenty-year stroke mortality and prediction in twelve cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. Int J Epidemiol. 1990;19:309-315.
19. Salonen J, Puska P, Tuomilehto J, Homan K. Relation of blood pressure, serum lipids, and smoking to the risk of cerebral stroke. Stroke. 1982;13: 327-333.
20. Lindenstrom E, Boysen G, Nyboe J. Influence of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides on risk of cerebrovascular disease: the Copenhagen City Heart Study. BMJ. 1994;309: 11-15.
21. Dayton S, Pearce M, Hashimoto S, Dixon W, Tomiyasu U. A controlled clinical trial of a diet high in unsaturated fat in preventing complications of atherosclerosis. Circulation. 1969;40(suppl II):II-1-II-63.
22. Lipid Research Clinics Program. The Lipid Research Clinics coronary prevention trial results, 1: reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease. JAMA. 1984;251:351-364.
23. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group. The treatment of cerebrovascular disease with clofibrate. Stroke. 1973;4:684-693.
24. The Coronary Drug Project Research Group. Clofibrate and niacin in coronary heart disease. JAMA. 1975;231:360-381.
25. Mercuri M, Bond M, Sirtori C. Pravastatin reduces carotid intima-media thickness progression in an asymptomatic hypercholesterolemic Mediterranean population: the Carotid Atherosclerosis Italian Ultrasound Study. Am J Med. 1996;101:627-634.
26. Salonen R, Nyyssönene K, Porkkala E, Rummukainen J, Belder R, Park J-S, Salonen JT. Kuopio Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (KAPS): a population-based primary preventive trial of the effect of LDL lowering on atherosclerotic progression in carotid and femoral arteries. Circulation. 1995;92:1758-1764.
27. Crouse J III, Byington R, Bond M, Espeland M, Craven T, Sprinkle J, McGovern M, Furberg C. Pravastatin, lipids, and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries (PLAC-II). Am J Cardiol. 1995;75:455-459.
28. Furberg C, Adams H, Applegate W, Byington R, Espeland M, Hartwell T, Hunninghake D, Lefkowitz D, Probstfield J, Riley W, Young B. Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Circulation. 1994;90:1679-1687.
29. Martin R, Bogousslavsky J, for the Lausanne Stroke Registry Group. Mechanisms of late stroke after myocardial infarct: the Lausanne Stroke Registry. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1993;56:760-764.
30. Hodis H. Mack W, LaBree L, Selzer R, Liu C, Azen S. The role of carotid arterial intima-media thickness in predicting clinical coronary events. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:262-269.
31. Mathur K, Kashyap S, Kumar V. Correlation of the extent and severity of atherosclerosis in the coronary and cerebral arteries. Circulation. 1963; 27:929-934.
32. Mitchell J, Schwartz C. Relationship between arterial disease in different sites. Br Med J. 1962;1:1293-1301.
33. Crouse J III, Byington R, Hoen H, Furberg C. Reductase inhibitor monotherapy and stroke prevention. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157: 1305-1310.
34. Hebert P, Gaziano J, Chan K, Hennekens C. Cholesterol lowering with statin drugs: risk of stroke and total mortality. JAMA. 1997;278:313-321.
35. Bucher HC, Griffith LE, Guyatt GH. Effect of HMGcoA reductase inhibitors on stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:89-95.
36. Blauw G, Lagaay A, Smelt A, Westendorp R. Stroke, statins, and cholesterol: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Stroke. 1997; 28:946-950.
37. Shepherd J, Cobbe S, Ford I, Isles C, Lorimer A, Macfarlane P, McKillop J, Packard C. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1301-1307.
38. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Baseline serum cholesterol and treatment effect in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1995;345:1274-1275.
39. Delanty N, Vaughan C. Vascular effects of statins in stroke. Stroke. 1997;28:2315-2320.
40. Rosenson R, Tangney C. Antiatherothrombotic properties of statins. JAMA. 1998;279:1643-1650.
41. Yano K, Reed D, MacLean C. Serum cholesterol and hemorrhagic stroke in the Honolulu Heart Program. Stroke. 1989;20:1460-1465.
42. Neaton J, Blackburn H, Jacobs D, Kuller L, Lee D, Sherwin R, Shih J, Stamler J, Wentworth D, Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Serum cholesterol level and mortality findings for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Arch Intern Med. 1992;152:1490-1500.