Improvement of executive functions in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An open-label follow-up study with once-daily atomoxetine

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 243-256

  Gau, Susan Shur Fen ^a,b   Shang, Chi Yung ^a,b  

^a NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^b NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Atomoxetine; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); CANTAB; Executive functions

Indexed keywords

ATOMOXETINE; PLACEBO;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; BRAIN FUNCTION; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MALE; OPEN STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROBLEM SOLVING; PSYCHIATRY; RATING SCALE; SAMPLE; SCORING SYSTEM; SHORT TERM MEMORY; SPATIAL MEMORY; SYMPTOM; TASK PERFORMANCE; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE;

ADOLESCENT; ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; CHILD; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; MALE; PROPYLAMINES; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 77949656229     PISSN: 14611457     EISSN: 14695111     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1461145709990836     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Allen AJ, Kurlan RM, Gilbert DL, Coffey BJ, et al. (2005). Atomoxetine treatment in children and adolescents with ADHD and comorbid tic disorders. Neurology 65, 1941-1949.
2. Arnsten AF, Li BM (2005). Neurobiology of executive functions: catecholamine influences on prefrontal cortical functions. Biological Psychiatry 57, 1377-1384.
3. Bangs ME, Hazell P, Danckaerts M, Hoare P, et al. (2008). Atomoxetine for the treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. Pediatrics 121, e314-320.
4. Barton J, Mooney P, Prasad S (2005). Atomoxetine hydrochloride and executive function in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 15, 147-149.
5. Blondeau C, Dellu-Hagedorn F (2007). Dimensional analysis of ADHD subtypes in rats. Biological Psychiatry 61, 1340-1350.
6. Bymaster FP, Katner JS, Nelson DL, Hemrick-Luecke SK, et al. (2002). Atomoxetine increases extracellular levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rat: a potential mechanism for efficacy in attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 27, 699-711.
7. Caballero J, Nahata MC (2003). Atomoxetine hydrochloride for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Therapeutics 25, 3065-3083.
8. Campbell HL, Tivarus ME, Hillier A, Beversdorf DQ (2008). Increased task difficulty results in greater impact of noradrenergic modulation of cognitive flexibility. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior 88, 222-229.
9. Castellanos FX, Tannock R (2002). Neuroscience of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 3, 617-628.
10. Chamberlain SR, Del Campo N, Dowson J, Muller U, et al. (2007). Atomoxetine improved response inhibition in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry 62, 977-984.
11. Chamberlain SR, Hampshire A, Müller U, Rubia K, et al. (2009). Atomoxetine modulates right inferior frontal activation during inhibitory control: a pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biological Psychiatry 65, 550-555.
12. Chamberlain SR, Muller U, Blackwell AD, Clark L, et al. (2006). Neurochemical modulation of response inhibition and probabilistic learning in humans. Science 311, 861-863.
13. Coghill DR, Rhodes SM, Matthews K (2007). The neuropsychological effects of chronic methylphenidate on drug-naive boys with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry 62, 954-962.
14. Collette F, van der Linden M (2002). Brain imaging of the central executive component of working memory. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 26, 105-125.
15. Conners CK, Sitarenios G, Parker JD, Epstein JN (1998). The revised Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 26, 257-268.
16. Coull JT, Jones MEP, Egan TD, Frith CD, Maze M (2004). Attentional effects of noradrenaline vary with arousal level: selective activation of thalamic pulvinar in humans. Neuroimage 22, 315-322.
17. De Martino B, Strange BA, Dolan RJ (2008). Noradrenergic neuromodulation of human attention for emotional and neutral stimuli. Psychopharmacology 197, 127-136.
18. Diamantopoulou S, Rydell AM, Thorell LB, Bohlin G (2007). Impact of executive functioning and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on children's peer relations and school performance. Developmental Neuropsychology 32, 521-542.
19. Faraone SV, Biederman J, Spencer T, Michelson D, et al. (2005). Atomoxetine and stroop task performance in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology 15, 664-670.
20. Faraone SV, Biederman J, Spencer T, Wilens T, et al. (2000). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: an overview. Biological Psychiatry 48, 9-20.
21. Gau SF, Soong WT (1999). Psychiatric comorbidity of adolescents with sleep terrors or sleepwalking: a case-control study. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, 734-739.
22. Gau SS, Chen SJ, Chou WJ, Cheng H, et al. (2008a). National survey of adherence, efficacy, and side effects of methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in Taiwan. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 69, 131-140.
23. Gau SS, Chiang HL (2009). Sleep problems and disorders among adolescents with persistent and subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Sleep 32, 671-679.
24. Gau SS, Chiu CD, Shang CY, Cheng AT, Soong WT (in pressa). Executive dysfunctioning at adolescence among children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in Taiwan. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics.
25. Gau SS, Chong MY, Chen TH, Cheng AT (2005). A 3-year panel study of mental disorders among adolescents in Taiwan. American Journal of Psychiatry 162, 1344-1350.
26. Gau SS, Chong MY, Yang P, Yen CF, et al. (2007a). Psychiatric and psychosocial predictors of substance use disorders among adolescents: longitudinal study. British Journal of Psychiatry 190, 42-48.
27. Gau SS, Huang YS, Soong WT, Chou MC, et al. (2007b). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on once-daily atomoxetine in taiwanese children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology 17, 447-460.
28. Gau SS, Lin CH, Hu FC, Shang CY, et al. (2009). Psychometric properties of the Chinese Version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV Scale-Teacher Form. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 34, 850-861.
29. Gau SS, Ni HC, Shang CY, Soong WT, et al. (in pressb). Psychiatric comorbidities among children and adolescents with persistent and remitted attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry.
30. Gau SS, Shang CY, Liu SK, Lin CH, et al. (2008b). Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV scale-parent form. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 17, 35-44.
31. Gau SS, Soong WT, Chiu YN, Tsai WC (2006). Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Conners' Parent and Teacher Rating Scales-Revised: Short Form. Journal of Attention Disorders 9, 648-659.
32. Geller D, Donnelly C, Lopez F, Rubin R, et al. (2007). Atomoxetine treatment for pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid anxiety disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 46, 1119-1127.
33. Kelsey DK, Sumner CR, Casat CD, Coury DL, et al. (2004). Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, including an assessment of evening and morning behavior: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics 114, e1-8.
34. Koob GF, Le Moal M (1997). Drug abuse: hedonic homeostatic dysregulation. Science 278, 52-58.
35. Lapiz MDS, Morilak DA (2006). Noradrenergic modulation of cognitive function in rat medial prefrontal cortex as measured by attentional set shifting capability. Neuroscience 137, 1039-1049.
36. Lowe C, Rabbitt P (1998). Test/re-test reliability of the CANTAB and ISPOCD neuropsychological batteries: theoretical and practical issues. Neuropsychologia 36, 915-923.
37. Luciana M (2003). Practitioner review: computerized assessment of neuropsychological function in children: clinical and research applications of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery (CANTAB). Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines 44, 649-663.
38. Luciana M, Nelson CA (1998). The functional emergence of prefrontally-guided working memory systems in four-to eight-year-old children. Neuropsychologia 36, 273-293.
39. Martinussen R, Hayden J, Hogg-Johnson S, Tannock R (2005). A meta-analysis of working memory impairments in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 44, 377-384.
40. Michelson D, Faries D, Wernicke J, Kelsey D, et al. (2001). Atomoxetine in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-response study. Pediatrics 108, E83.
41. Middleton FA, Strick PL, Middleton FA, Strick PL (2001). Cerebellar projections to the prefrontal cortex of the primate. Journal of Neuroscience 21, 700-712.
42. Middleton FA, Strick PL, Middleton FA, Strick PL (2002). Basal-ganglia 'projections' to the prefrontal cortex of the primate. Cerebral Cortex 12, 926-935.
43. Milner B (1971). Interhemispheric differences in the localization of psychological processes in man. British Medical Bulletin 27, 272-277.
44. MTA Cooperative Group (1999). A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 56, 1073-1086.
45. Newman LA, Darling J, McGaughy J (2008). Atomoxetine reverses attentional deficits produced by noradrenergic deafferentation of medial prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology 200, 39-50.
46. Olton DS (1987). The radial arm maze as a tool in behavioral pharmacology. Physiology & Behavior 40, 793-797.
47. Pennington BF, Ozonoff S (1996). Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines 37, 51-87.
48. Petrides M, Milner B (1982). Deficits on subject-ordered tasks after frontal-and temporal-lobe lesions in man. Neuropsychologia 20, 249-262.
49. Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA (2007). The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry 164, 942-948.
50. Prasad S, Steer C (2008). Switching from neurostimulant therapy to atomoxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: clinical approaches and review of current available evidence. Paediatric Drugs 10, 39-47.
51. Rhodes SM, Coghill DR, Matthews K (2005). Neuropsychological functioning in stimulant-naive boys with hyperkinetic disorder. Psychological Medicine 35, 1109-1120.
52. Rhodes SM, Coghill DR, Matthews K (2006). Acute neuropsychological effects of methylphenidate in stimulant drug-naive boys with ADHD II-broader executive and non-executive domains. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines 47, 1184-1194.
53. Robinson ES, Eagle DM, Mar AC, Bari A, et al. (2008). Similar effects of the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine on three distinct forms of impulsivity in the rat. Neuropsychopharmacology 33, 1028-1037.
54. Rossetti ZL, Carboni S (2005). Noradrenaline and dopamine elevations in the rat prefrontal cortex in spatial working memory. Journal of Neuroscience 25, 2322-2329.
55. Sahakian B, Jones G, Levy R, Gray J, Warburton D (1989). The effects of nicotine on attention, information processing, and short-term memory in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. British Journal of Psychiatry 154, 797-800.
56. Sahgal A (1987). Some limitations of indices derived from signal detection theory: evaluation of an alternative index for measuring bias in memory tasks. Psychopharmacology 91, 517-520.
57. Seidman LJ (2006). Neuropsychological functioning in people with ADHD across the lifespan. Clinical Psychology Review 26, 466-485.
58. Shallice T (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences 298, 199-209.
59. Simpson D, Perry CM (2003). Atomoxetine. Paediatric Drugs 5, 407-415.
60. Spencer T, Biederman J, Wilens T, Prince J, et al. (1998). Effectiveness and tolerability of tomoxetine in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 155, 693-695.
61. Spencer TJ, Newcorn JH, Kratochvil CJ, Ruff D, et al. (2005). Effects of atomoxetine on growth after 2-year treatment among pediatric patients with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 116, e74-80.
62. Swanson JM, Kraemer HC, Hinshaw SP, Arnold LE, et al. (2001). Clinical relevance of the primary findings of the MTA: success rates based on severity of ADHD and ODD symptoms at the end of treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 40, 168-179.
63. Tait DS, Brown VJ, Farovik A, Theobald DE, et al. (2007). Lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle impair attentional set-shifting in the rat. European Journal of Neuroscience 25, 3719-3724.
64. Viggiano D, Ruocco LA, Arcieri S, Sadile AG (2004). Involvement of norepinephrine in the control of activity and attentive processes in animal models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neural Plasticity 11, 133-149.
65. Weiss M, Tannock R, Kratochvil C, Dunn D, et al. (2005). A randomized, placebo-controlled study of once-daily atomoxetine in the school setting in children with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 44, 647-655.
66. Wesnes K, Warburton DM (1984). Effects of scopolamine and nicotine on human rapid information processing performance. Psychopharmacology 82, 147-150.
67. Willcutt EG, Doyle AE, Nigg JT, Faraone SV, Pennington BF (2005). Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Biological Psychiatry 57, 1336-1346.