Type 2 diabetic patients with resistant hypertension should be screened for primary aldosteronism

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 6-13

  Mukherjee, J J ^a   Khoo, C M ^a   Thai, A C ^a   Chionh, S B ^a   Pin, Lim ^a   Lee, K O ^a  

^a NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Diabetes mellitus; Difficult to control hypertension; Primary aldosteronism; Resistant hypertension

Indexed keywords

ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; POTASSIUM; SPIRONOLACTONE;

ADRENALECTOMY; ADULT; AGED; ALDOSTERONE BLOOD LEVEL; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY; POTASSIUM BLOOD LEVEL; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM; SCREENING; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

AGED; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; ASIAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; COMORBIDITY; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DRUG RESISTANCE; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; HYPERTENSION, RENAL; MALE; MASS SCREENING; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 77949362078     PISSN: 14791641     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1479164109350556     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Pyorala, K., Laakso, M., Uusitupa, M. (1987) Diabetes and atherosclerosis: an epidemiologic view. Diabetes Metab Rev 3: 463-524.
2. McFarlane, S.I., Sowers, J.R. (2003) Cardiovascular endocrinology 1: aldosterone function in diabetes mellitus: effects on cardiovascular and renal disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88: 516-23.
3. Arauz-Pacheco, C., Parrott, M.A., Raskin, P. (2003) Treatment of hypertension in adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 26 (suppl 1): S80-2.
4. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. (1998) BMJ 317: 703-713
5. Hansson, L. (2002) Hypertension management in 2002: where have we been? where might we be going? Am J Hypertens 15: 101S-107S.
6. Saydah, S.H., Fradkin, J., Cowie, C.C. (2004) Poor control of risk factors for vascular disease among adults with previously diagnosed diabetes. JAMA 291: 335-342
7. Randeree, H.A., Omar, M.A., Motala, A.A., Seedat, M.A. (1992) Effect of insulin therapy on blood pressure in NIDDM patients with secondary failure. Diabetes Care 15: 1258-1263
8. Nosadini, R., Sambataro, M., Thomaseth, K., et al. (1993) Role of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in determining sodium retention in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Kidney Int 44: 139-146
9. Young, W.F. Jr. (2002) Primary aldosteronism: management issues. Ann N Y Acad Sci 970: 61-76.
10. Rocha, R., Funder, J.W. (2002) The pathophysiology of aldosterone in the cardiovascular system. Ann N Y Acad Sci 970: 89-100.
11. Schiffrin, E.L. (2006) Effects of aldosterone on the vasculature. Hypertension 47: 312-318
12. Asbun, J., Villarreal, F.J. (2006) The pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis in the setting of diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 47: 693-700.
13. Neumann, S., Huse, K., Semrau, R., et al. (2002) Aldosterone and D-glucose stimulate the proliferation of human cardiac myofibroblasts in vitro. Hypertension 39: 756-760
14. Cooper, S.A., Whaley-Connell, A., Habibi, J., et al. (2007) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and oxidative stress in cardiovascular insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H2009-23.
15. Sowers, J.R., Epstein, M., Frohlich, E.D. (2001) Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: an update. Hypertension 37: 1053-1059
16. Milliez, P., Girerd, X., Plouin, P.F., et al. (2005) Evidence for an increased rate of cardiovascular events in patients with primary aldosteronism. J Am Coll Cardiol 45: 1243-1248
17. Selvaraj, J., Muthusamy, T., Srinivasan, C., Balasubramanian, K. (2009) Impact of excess aldosterone on glucose homeostasis in adult male rat. Clin Chim Acta 407: 51-57
18. Sowers, J.R., Whaley-Connell, A., Epstein, M. (2009) Narrative review: the emerging clinical implications of the role of aldosterone in the metabolic syndrome and resistant hypertension. Ann Intern Med 150: 776-783
19. Corry, D.B., Tuck, M.L. (2003) The effect of aldosterone on glucose metabolism. Curr Hypertens Rep 5: 106-109
20. Giacchetti, G., Sechi, L.A., Rilli, S., Carey, R.M. (2005) The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, glucose metabolism and diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 16: 120-126
21. Rocchini, A.P., Moorehead, C., DeRemer, S., Goodfriend, T.L., Ball, D.L. (1990) Hyperinsulinemia and the aldosterone and pressor responses to angiotensin II. Hypertension 15: 861-866
22. Petrasek, D., Jensen, G., Tuck, M., Stern, N. (1992) In vitro effects of insulin on aldosterone production in rat zona glomerulosa cells. Life Sci 50: 1781-1787
23. Umpierrez, G.E., Cantey, P., Smiley, D., et al. (2007) Primary aldosteronism in diabetic subjects with resistant hypertension. Diabetes Care 30: 1699-1703
24. Moser, M., Setaro, J.F. (2006) Clinical practice. Resistant or difficult-to-control hypertension. N Engl J Med 355: 385-392
25. Mulatero, P., Stowasser, M., Loh, K.C., et al. (2004) Increased diagnosis of primary aldosteronism, including surgically correctable forms, in centers from five continents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 1045-1050
26. Janka, H.U., Dirschedl, P. (1985) Systolic blood pressure as a predictor for cardiovascular disease in diabetes. A 5-year longitudinal study. Hypertension 7: II90-4.
27. Stamler, J., Vaccaro, O., Neaton, J.D., Wentworth, D. (1993) Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care 1993;16: 434-444
28. Adler, A.I., Stratton, I.M., Neil, H.A., et al. (2000) Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): prospective observational study. BMJ 321: 412-419
29. Hansson, L., Zanchetti, A., Carruthers, S.G., et al. (1998) Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. HOT Study Group. Lancet 351: 1755-1762
30. Wang, T.J., Vasan, R.S. (2005) Epidemiology of uncontrolled hypertension in the United States. Circulation 112: 1651-1662
31. Young, W.F. (2007) Primary aldosteronism: renaissance of a syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 66: 607-618
32. Mosso, L., Carvajal, C., Gonzalez, A., et al. (2003) Primary aldosteronism and hypertensive disease. Hypertension 42: 161-165
33. Fardella, C.E., Mosso, L., Gomez-Sanchez, C., et al. (2000) Primary hyperaldosteronism in essential hypertensives: prevalence, biochemical profile, and molecular biology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 1863-1867
34. Gordon, R.D., Stowasser, M., Tunny, T.J., Klemm, S.A., Rutherford, J.C. (1994) High incidence of primary aldosteronism in 199 patients referred with hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 21: 315-318
35. Hiramatsu, K., Yamada, T., Yukimura, Y., et al. (1981) A screening test to identify aldosterone-producing adenoma by measuring plasma renin activity. Results in hypertensive patients. Arch Intern Med 141: 1589-1593
36. Lim, P.O., Rodgers, P., Cardale, K., Watson, A.D., MacDonald, T.M. (1999) Potentially high prevalence of primary aldosteronism in a primary-care population. Lancet 353: 40.
37. Loh, K.C., Koay, E.S., Khaw, M.C., Emmanuel, S.C., Young, W.F. Jr. (2000) Prevalence of primary aldosteronism among Asian hypertensive patients in Singapore. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 2854-2859
38. Westerdahl, C., Bergenfelz, A., Isaksson, A., Wihl, A., Nerbrand, C., Valdemarsson, S. (2006) High frequency of primary hyperaldosteronism among hypertensive patients from a primary care area in Sweden. Scand J Prim Health Care 24: 154-159
39. Williams, J.S., Williams, G.H., Raji, A., et al. (2006) Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in mild to moderate hypertension without hypokalaemia. J Hum Hypertens 20: 129-136
40. Fallo, F., Veglio, F., Bertello, C., et al. (2006) Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in primary aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91: 454-459
41. Catena, C., Lapenna, R., Baroselli, S., et al. (2006) Insulin sensitivity in patients with primary aldosteronism: a followup study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91: 3457-3463
42. Calhoun, D.A., Nishizaka, M.K., Zaman, M.A., Thakkar, R.B., Weissmann, P. (2002) Hyperaldosteronism among black and white subjects with resistant hypertension. Hypertension 40: 892-896
43. Schwartz, G.L., Turner, S.T. (2005) Screening for primary aldosteronism in essential hypertension: diagnostic accuracy of the ratio of plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity. Clin Chem 51: 386-394
44. Rossi, G.P., Bernini, G., Caliumi, C., et al. (2006) A prospective study of the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in 1,125 hypertensive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 48: 2293-2300
45. Douma, S., Petidis, K., Doumas, M., et al. (2008) Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in resistant hypertension: a retrospective observational study. Lancet 371: 1921-1926