메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 419-437

Mechanisms of diurnal precipitation over the US Great Plains: A cloud resolving model perspective

Author keywords

Cloud radiation feedback; Cloud resolving model; Diurnal cycle; Nocturnal precipitation

Indexed keywords

ADVECTION; ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; BOUNDARY LAYER; CLOUD; DIURNAL VARIATION; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; HEAT FLUX; MOISTURE FLUX; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); RAINFALL; SURFACE FLUX;

EID: 77949269630     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00382-009-0531-x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 0001241791 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment. Part I
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<0674:IOACCE>2.0.CO;2
    • Arakawa A, Schubert WH (1974) Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment. Part I. J Atmos Sci 31: 674-701. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1974)031< 0674: IOACCE> 2.0. CO; 2.
    • (1974) J Atmos Sci , vol.31 , pp. 674-701
    • Arakawa, A.1    Schubert, W.H.2
  • 2
    • 53649085272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rainfall occurrence in the United States warm season: The diurnal cycle
    • doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2275.1
    • Carbone RE, Tuttle JD (2008) Rainfall occurrence in the United States warm season: the diurnal cycle. J Clim. doi: 10. 1175/2008JCLI2275. 1.
    • (2008) J Clim
    • Carbone, R.E.1    Tuttle, J.D.2
  • 3
    • 0036647310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inferences of predictability associated with warm season precipitation episodes
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2033:IOPAWW>2.0.CO;2
    • Carbone RE, Tuttle JD, Ahijevych DA, Trier SB (2002) Inferences of predictability associated with warm season precipitation episodes. J Atmos Sci 59: 2033-2056. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2033: IOPAWW> 2.0. CO; 2.
    • (2002) J Atmos Sci , vol.59 , pp. 2033-2056
    • Carbone, R.E.1    Tuttle, J.D.2    Ahijevych, D.A.3    Trier, S.B.4
  • 4
    • 13844275223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of stability and moisture in the diurnal cycle of convection over land
    • doi:10.1256/qj.03.132
    • Chaboureau J-P, Guichard F, Redelsperger J-L, Lafore J-P (2004) The role of stability and moisture in the diurnal cycle of convection over land. Q J R Meteorol Soc 130: 3105-3117. doi: 10. 1256/qj. 03. 132.
    • (2004) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.130 , pp. 3105-3117
    • Chaboureau, J.-P.1    Guichard, F.2    Redelsperger, J.-L.3    Lafore, J.-P.4
  • 5
    • 9144262389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal cycle of tropical precipitation in a general circulation model
    • doi:10.1029/2004JD004818
    • Collier JC, Bowman KP (2004) Diurnal cycle of tropical precipitation in a general circulation model. J Geophys Res 109: D17105. doi: 10. 1029/2004JD004818.
    • (2004) J Geophys Res , vol.109
    • Collier, J.C.1    Bowman, K.P.2
  • 6
    • 33646451521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation characteristics in eighteen coupled climate models
    • doi:10.1175/JCLI3884.1
    • Dai A (2006) Precipitation characteristics in eighteen coupled climate models. J Clim 19: 4605-4630. doi: 10. 1175/JCLI3884. 1.
    • (2006) J Clim , vol.19 , pp. 4605-4630
    • Dai, A.1
  • 7
    • 1842740306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diurnal cycle and its depiction in the community climate system model
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0930:TDCAID>2.0.CO;2
    • Dai A, Trenberth KE (2004) The diurnal cycle and its depiction in the community climate system model. J Clim 17: 930-951. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0930: TDCAID> 2.0. CO; 2.
    • (2004) J Clim , vol.17 , pp. 930-951
    • Dai, A.1    Trenberth, K.E.2
  • 8
    • 0033608655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed and model-simulated diurnal cycles of precipitation over the contiguous United States
    • doi:10.1029/98JD02720
    • Dai AG, Giorgi F, Trenberth KE (1999) Observed and model-simulated diurnal cycles of precipitation over the contiguous United States. J Geophys Res 104: 6377-6402. doi: 10. 1029/98JD02720.
    • (1999) J Geophys Res , vol.104 , pp. 6377-6402
    • Dai, A.G.1    Giorgi, F.2    Trenberth, K.E.3
  • 9
    • 0019204220 scopus 로고
    • Numerical prediction of convectively driven mesoscale pressure systems: Part I. Convective parameterization
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<1722:NPOCDM>2.0.CO;2
    • Fritsch JM, Chappell CF (1980) Numerical prediction of convectively driven mesoscale pressure systems: part I. Convective parameterization. J Atmos Sci 37: 1722-1733. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1980)037<1722: NPOCDM> 2.0. CO; 2.
    • (1980) J Atmos Sci , vol.37 , pp. 1722-1733
    • Fritsch, J.M.1    Chappell, C.F.2
  • 10
    • 0006461436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the Great Plains low-level jet and associated clouds by general circulation models
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<1388:SOTGPL>2.0.CO;2
    • Ghan SJ, Bian X, Corsetti L (1996) Simulation of the Great Plains low-level jet and associated clouds by general circulation models. Mon Weather Rev 124: 1388-1408. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0493(1996)124<1388: SOTGPL>2.0. CO; 2.
    • (1996) Mon Weather Rev , vol.124 , pp. 1388-1408
    • Ghan, S.J.1    Bian, X.2    Corsetti, L.3
  • 11
    • 0000588399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CRCP: A cloud resolving convection parameterization for modeling the tropical convective atmosphere
    • doi:10.1016/S0167-2789(99)00104-9
    • Grabowski WW, Smolarkiewicz PK (1999) CRCP: a cloud resolving convection parameterization for modeling the tropical convective atmosphere. Phys D 133: 171-178. doi: 10. 1016/S0167-2789(99)00104-9.
    • (1999) Phys D , vol.133 , pp. 171-178
    • Grabowski, W.W.1    Smolarkiewicz, P.K.2
  • 12
    • 0033232461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud-resolving modeling of cloud systems during phase III of GATE. Part II: Effects of resolution and the third spatial dimension
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<3264:CRMOCS>2.0.CO;2
    • Grabowski WW, Wu X, Moncrieff MW, Hall D (1998) Cloud-resolving modeling of cloud systems during phase III of GATE. Part II: effects of resolution and the third spatial dimension. J Atmos Sci 55: 3264-3282. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1998)055<3264: CRMOCS>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1998) J Atmos Sci , vol.55 , pp. 3264-3282
    • Grabowski, W.W.1    Wu, X.2    Moncrieff, M.W.3    Hall, D.4
  • 13
    • 0001562342 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variation of deep cumulus convection
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1977)105<1171:DVODCC>2.0.CO;2
    • Gray WM, Jacobson RW (1977) Diurnal variation of deep cumulus convection. Mon Weather Rev 105: 1171-1188. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0493(1977)105<1171: DVODCC>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1977) Mon Weather Rev , vol.105 , pp. 1171-1188
    • Gray, W.M.1    Jacobson, R.W.2
  • 14
    • 13844292721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the diurnal cycle of deep precipitating convection over land with cloud-resolving models and single-column models
    • doi:10.1256/qj.03.145
    • Guichard F et al (2004) Modelling the diurnal cycle of deep precipitating convection over land with cloud-resolving models and single-column models. Q J R Meteorol Soc 130: 3139-3172. doi: 10. 1256/qj. 03. 145.
    • (2004) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.130 , pp. 3139-3172
    • Guichard, F.1
  • 15
    • 0029413359 scopus 로고
    • Climatology of the simulated Great Plains low-level jet and its contribution to the continental moisture budget of the United States
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0784:COTSGP>2.0.CO;2
    • Helfand HM, Schubert SD (1995) Climatology of the simulated Great Plains low-level jet and its contribution to the continental moisture budget of the United States. J Clim 8: 784-806. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0784: COTSGP>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1995) J Clim , vol.8 , pp. 784-806
    • Helfand, H.M.1    Schubert, S.D.2
  • 16
    • 0031472152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the Great Plains low-level jet on the summertime precipitation and moisture transport over the central United States
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0481:IOTGPL>2.0.CO;2
    • Higgins RW, Yao Y, Yarosh ES, Janowiak JE, Mo KC (1997) Influence of the Great Plains low-level jet on the summertime precipitation and moisture transport over the central United States. J Clim 10: 481-507. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0481: IOTGPL>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1997) J Clim , vol.10 , pp. 481-507
    • Higgins, R.W.1    Yao, Y.2    Yarosh, E.S.3    Janowiak, J.E.4    Mo, K.C.5
  • 17
    • 0032452896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective trigger function for a mass-flux cumulus parameterization scheme
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<2599:CTFFAM>2.0.CO;2
    • Hong S-Y, Pan H-L (1998) Convective trigger function for a mass-flux cumulus parameterization scheme. Mon Weather Rev 126: 2599-2620. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0493(1998)126<2599: CTFFAM>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1998) Mon Weather Rev , vol.126 , pp. 2599-2620
    • Hong, S.-Y.1    Pan, H.-L.2
  • 18
    • 0037116331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of the response of deep tropical clouds to large-scale thermodynamic forcings. Part I: Modeling strategies and simulations of TOGA COARE convective systems
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3492:ASOTRO>2.0.CO;2
    • Johnson DE, Tao WK, Simpson J, Sui CH (2002) A study of the response of deep tropical clouds to large-scale thermodynamic forcings. Part I: modeling strategies and simulations of TOGA COARE convective systems. J Atmos Sci 59: 3492-3518. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3492: ASOTRO>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (2002) J Atmos Sci , vol.59 , pp. 3492-3518
    • Johnson, D.E.1    Tao, W.K.2    Simpson, J.3    Sui, C.H.4
  • 19
    • 33748494544 scopus 로고
    • The role of the convective "trigger function" in numerical forecasts of mesoscale convective systems
    • doi:10.1007/BF01025402
    • Kain JS, Fritsch JM (1992) The role of the convective "trigger function" in numerical forecasts of mesoscale convective systems. Meteorol Atmos Phys 49: 93-106. doi: 10. 1007/BF01025402.
    • (1992) Meteorol Atmos Phys , vol.49 , pp. 93-106
    • Kain, J.S.1    Fritsch, J.M.2
  • 20
    • 1342283059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud resolving modeling of the ARM summer 1997 IOP: Model formulation, results, uncertainties, and sensitivities
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0607:CRMOTA>2.0.CO;2
    • Khairoutdinov MF, Randall DA (2003) Cloud resolving modeling of the ARM summer 1997 IOP: model formulation, results, uncertainties, and sensitivities. J Atmos Sci 60: 607-625. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0607: CRMOTA>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (2003) J Atmos Sci , vol.60 , pp. 607-625
    • Khairoutdinov, M.F.1    Randall, D.A.2
  • 21
    • 84983092849 scopus 로고
    • The simulation of three-dimensional convective storm dynamics
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1978)035<1070:TSOTDC>2.0.CO;2
    • Klemp JB, Wilhelmson RB (1978) The simulation of three-dimensional convective storm dynamics. J Atmos Sci 35: 1070-1096. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1978)035<1070: TSOTDC>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1978) J Atmos Sci , vol.35 , pp. 1070-1096
    • Klemp, J.B.1    Wilhelmson, R.B.2
  • 22
    • 34247897250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving simulations of convective systems from TRMM LBA: Easterly and westerly regimes
    • doi:10.1175/JAS3879.1
    • Lang S, Tao W-K, Cifelli R, Olson W, Halverson J, Rutledge S, Simpson J (2007) Improving simulations of convective systems from TRMM LBA: easterly and westerly regimes. J Atmos Sci 64: 1141-1164. doi: 10. 1175/JAS3879. 1.
    • (2007) J Atmos Sci , vol.64 , pp. 1141-1164
    • Lang, S.1    Tao, W.-K.2    Cifelli, R.3    Olson, W.4    Halverson, J.5    Rutledge, S.6    Simpson, J.7
  • 23
    • 77949273166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the diurnal cycle in the NASA's modern era retrospective-analysis for research and applications (MERRA)
    • 20-24 January, New Orleans
    • Lee M-I, Schubert SD (2008) Validation of the diurnal cycle in the NASA's modern era retrospective-analysis for research and applications (MERRA). In: Proceedings of the 88th AMS annual meeting, 20-24 January, New Orleans.
    • (2008) Proceedings of the 88th AMS Annual Meeting
    • Lee, M.-I.1    Schubert, S.D.2
  • 24
    • 35349031229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diurnal cycle of precipitation in the NASA/NSIPP atmospheric general circulation model
    • doi:10.1029/2006JD008346
    • Lee M-I, Schubert SD, Suarez MJ, Bell TL, Kim K-M (2007a) The diurnal cycle of precipitation in the NASA/NSIPP atmospheric general circulation model. J Geophys Res 112: D16111. doi: 10. 1029/2006JD008346.
    • (2007) J Geophys Res , vol.112
    • Lee, M.-I.1    Schubert, S.D.2    Suarez, M.J.3    Bell, T.L.4    Kim, K.-M.5
  • 25
    • 34249657458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity to horizontal resolution in the AGCM simulations of warm season diurnal cycle of precipitation over the United States and northern Mexico
    • doi:10.1175/JCLI4090.1
    • Lee M-I et al (2007b) Sensitivity to horizontal resolution in the AGCM simulations of warm season diurnal cycle of precipitation over the United States and northern Mexico. J Clim 20: 1862-1881. doi: 10. 1175/JCLI4090. 1.
    • (2007) J Clim , vol.20 , pp. 1862-1881
    • Lee, M.-I.1
  • 26
    • 33847624714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the warm season diurnal cycle over the continental United States and northern Mexico in general circulation models
    • doi:10.1175/JHM581.1
    • Lee M-I, Schubert SD, Suarez MJ, Held IM, Lau N-C, Ploshay JJ, Kumar A, Kim H-K, Schemm J-KE (2007c) An analysis of the warm season diurnal cycle over the continental United States and northern Mexico in general circulation models. J Hydrometeorol 8: 344-366. doi: 10. 1175/JHM581. 1.
    • (2007) J Hydrometeorol , vol.8 , pp. 344-366
    • Lee, M.-I.1    Schubert, S.D.2    Suarez, M.J.3    Held, I.M.4    Lau, N.-C.5    Ploshay, J.J.6    Kumar, A.7    Kim, H.-K.8    Schemm, J.-K.E.9
  • 27
    • 41649095536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of convection triggers in the simulation of the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the United States Great Plains in a general circulation model
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD008984
    • Lee M-I, Schubert SD, Suarez MJ, Schemm J-KE, Pan H-L, Han J, Yoo S-H (2008) Role of convection triggers in the simulation of the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the United States Great Plains in a general circulation model. J Geophys Res 113: D02111. doi: 10. 1029/2007JD008984.
    • (2008) J Geophys Res , vol.113
    • Lee, M.-I.1    Schubert, S.D.2    Suarez, M.J.3    Schemm, J.-K.E.4    Pan, H.-L.5    Han, J.6    Yoo, S.-H.7
  • 28
    • 0032465635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A numerical study of the diurnal cycle of tropical oceanic convection
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2329:ANSOTD>2.0.CO;2
    • Liu C, Moncrieff MW (1998) A numerical study of the diurnal cycle of tropical oceanic convection. J Atmos Sci 55: 2329-2344. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2329: ANSOTD>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1998) J Atmos Sci , vol.55 , pp. 2329-2344
    • Liu, C.1    Moncrieff, M.W.2
  • 29
    • 0019140471 scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale convective complexes
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1980)061<1374:MCC>2.0.CO;2
    • Maddox RA (1980) Mesoscale convective complexes. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 61: 1374-1387. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0477(1980)061<1374: MCC>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1980) Bull Am Meteorol Soc , vol.61 , pp. 1374-1387
    • Maddox, R.A.1
  • 30
    • 0038266828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diurnal cycle of rainfall and convective intensity according to 3 years of TRMM measurements
    • Nesbitt SW, Zipser EJ (2003) The diurnal cycle of rainfall and convective intensity according to 3 years of TRMM measurements. J Clim 16: 1456-1475.
    • (2003) J Clim , vol.16 , pp. 1456-1475
    • Nesbitt, S.W.1    Zipser, E.J.2
  • 31
    • 0005351242 scopus 로고
    • Implementing a Mass Flux Convection Parameterization Package for the NMC Medium-Range Forecast model
    • Pan H-L, Wu W-S (1995) Implementing a mass flux convection parameterization package for the NMC medium-range forecast model. NMC Office Note, No. 409, p 40.
    • (1995) NMC Office Note , Issue.409 , pp. 40
    • Pan, H.-L.1    Wu, W.-S.2
  • 32
    • 0026277429 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variability of the hydrological cycle in a general circulation model
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<0040:DVOTHC>2.0.CO;2
    • Randall DA, Harsvardhan, Dazlich DA (1991) Diurnal variability of the hydrological cycle in a general circulation model. J Atmos Sci 48: 40-62. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1991)048<0040: DVOTHC>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1991) J Atmos Sci , vol.48 , pp. 40-62
    • Randall, D.A.1    Harsvardhan, D.D.A.2
  • 33
    • 0141956622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breaking the cloud parameterization deadlock
    • doi:10.1175/BAMS-84-11-1547
    • Randall D, Khairoutdinov M, Arakawa A, Grabowski W (2003) Breaking the cloud parameterization deadlock. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 84: 1547-1564. doi: 10. 1175/BAMS-84-11-1547.
    • (2003) Bull Am Meteorol Soc , vol.84 , pp. 1547-1564
    • Randall, D.1    Khairoutdinov, M.2    Arakawa, A.3    Grabowski, W.4
  • 34
    • 0023470949 scopus 로고
    • The diurnal variability of precipitation across the central Rockies and adjacent Great Plains
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1161:TDVOPA>2.0.CO;2
    • Riley GT, Landin MG, Bosart LF (1987) The diurnal variability of precipitation across the central Rockies and adjacent Great Plains. Mon Weather Rev 115: 1161-1172. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1161: TDVOPA>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1987) Mon Weather Rev , vol.115 , pp. 1161-1172
    • Riley, G.T.1    Landin, M.G.2    Bosart, L.F.3
  • 35
    • 0032194619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subseasonal variations in warm-season moisture transport and precipitation over the central and eastern United States
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<2530:SVIWSM>2.0.CO;2
    • Schubert SD, Helfand HM, Wu C-Y, Min W (1998) Subseasonal variations in warm-season moisture transport and precipitation over the central and eastern United States. J Clim 11: 2530-2555. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0442(1998)011<2530: SVIWSM>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1998) J Clim , vol.11 , pp. 2530-2555
    • Schubert, S.D.1    Helfand, H.M.2    Wu, C.-Y.3    Min, W.4
  • 36
    • 0000585018 scopus 로고
    • Diurnally forced tropical tropospheric circulation over South America
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1465:DFTTCO>2.0.CO;2
    • Silva Dias PL, Bonatti JP, Kousky VE (1987) Diurnally forced tropical tropospheric circulation over South America. Mon Weather Rev 115: 1465-1478. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1465: DFTTCO>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1987) Mon Weather Rev , vol.115 , pp. 1465-1478
    • Silva Dias, P.L.1    Bonatti, J.P.2    Kousky, V.E.3
  • 37
    • 0019140469 scopus 로고
    • Response of tradewind cumuli to large-scale processes
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<2035:ROTCTL>2.0.CO;2
    • Soong S-T, Ogura Y (1980) Response of tradewind cumuli to large-scale processes. J Atmos Sci 37: 2035-2050. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1980)037<2035: ROTCTL>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1980) J Atmos Sci , vol.37 , pp. 2035-2050
    • Soong, S.-T.1    Ogura, Y.2
  • 38
    • 0019204351 scopus 로고
    • Response of deep tropical cumulus clouds to mesoscale processes
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<2016:RODTCC>2.0.CO;2
    • Soong S-T, Tao W-K (1980) Response of deep tropical cumulus clouds to mesoscale processes. J Atmos Sci 37: 2016-2034. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1980)037<2016: RODTCC>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1980) J Atmos Sci , vol.37 , pp. 2016-2034
    • Soong, S.-T.1    Tao, W.-K.2
  • 39
    • 0030841526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variations in tropical oceanic cumulus convection during TOGA COARE
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<0639:DVITOC>2.0.CO;2
    • Sui CH, Lau K-M, Takayabu Y, Short D (1997) Diurnal variations in tropical oceanic cumulus convection during TOGA COARE. J Atmos Sci 54: 637-655. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1997)054<0639: DVITOC>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1997) J Atmos Sci , vol.54 , pp. 637-655
    • Sui, C.H.1    Lau, K.-M.2    Takayabu, Y.3    Short, D.4
  • 40
    • 0032456854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective-radiative interaction in simulated diurnal variations of tropical cumulus ensemble
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2345:RCPISD>2.0.CO;2
    • Sui CH, Lau K-M, Li X (1998) Convective-radiative interaction in simulated diurnal variations of tropical cumulus ensemble. J Atmos Sci 55: 2345-2357. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2345: RCPISD>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1998) J Atmos Sci , vol.55 , pp. 2345-2357
    • Sui, C.H.1    Lau, K.-M.2    Li, X.3
  • 41
    • 0024907687 scopus 로고
    • A further study of cumulus interaction and mergers: Three-dimensional simulations with trajectory analyses
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<2974:AFSOCI>2.0.CO;2
    • Tao W-K, Simpson J (1989) A further study of cumulus interaction and mergers: three-dimensional simulations with trajectory analyses. J Atmos Sci 46: 2974-3004. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1989)046<2974: AFSOCI>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1989) J Atmos Sci , vol.46 , pp. 2974-3004
    • Tao, W.-K.1    Simpson, J.2
  • 42
    • 0002992680 scopus 로고
    • The Goddard cumulus ensemble model. Part I: Model description
    • Tao W-K, Simpson J (1993) The Goddard cumulus ensemble model. Part I: model description. Terr Atmos Ocean Sci 4: 35-72.
    • (1993) Terr Atmos Ocean Sci , vol.4 , pp. 35-72
    • Tao, W.-K.1    Simpson, J.2
  • 43
    • 0030422799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of cloud-radiation interaction in the tropics and midlatitudes
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<2624:MOCRII>2.0.CO;2
    • Tao W-K, Lang S, Simpson J, Sui C-H, Ferrier B, Chou M-D (1996) Mechanisms of cloud-radiation interaction in the tropics and midlatitudes. J Atmos Sci 53: 2624-2651. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1996)053<2624: MOCRII>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1996) J Atmos Sci , vol.53 , pp. 2624-2651
    • Tao, W.-K.1    Lang, S.2    Simpson, J.3    Sui, C.-H.4    Ferrier, B.5    Chou, M.-D.6
  • 44
    • 0345329910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microphysics, radiation and surface processes in the Goddard cumulus ensemble (GCE) model
    • doi:10.1007/s00703-001-0594-7
    • Tao W-K et al (2003) Microphysics, radiation and surface processes in the Goddard cumulus ensemble (GCE) model. Meteorol Atmos Phys 82: 97-137. doi: 10. 1007/s00703-001-0594-7.
    • (2003) Meteorol Atmos Phys , vol.82 , pp. 97-137
    • Tao, W.-K.1
  • 45
    • 0033926625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of dimensionality on long-term cloud-resolving model simulations
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<1521:TIODOL>2.0.CO;2
    • Tompkins AM (2000) The impact of dimensionality on long-term cloud-resolving model simulations. Mon Weather Rev 128: 1521-1535. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0493(2000)128<1521: TIODOL>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (2000) Mon Weather Rev , vol.128 , pp. 1521-1535
    • Tompkins, A.M.1
  • 46
    • 0001407965 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variations in precipitation and thunderstorm frequency over the conterminous United States
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1975)103<0406:DVIPAT>2.0.CO;2
    • Wallace JM (1975) Diurnal variations in precipitation and thunderstorm frequency over the conterminous United States. Mon Weather Rev 103: 406-419. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0493(1975)103<0406: DVIPAT>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1975) Mon Weather Rev , vol.103 , pp. 406-419
    • Wallace, J.M.1
  • 47
    • 0019144568 scopus 로고
    • Tropical upper-tropospheric extended clouds: Inferences from winter MONEX
    • Webster PJ, Stephens GL (1980) Tropical upper-tropospheric extended clouds: inferences from winter MONEX. J Atmos Sci 37: 1521-1541.
    • (1980) J Atmos Sci , vol.37 , pp. 1521-1541
    • Webster, P.J.1    Stephens, G.L.2
  • 48
    • 0033790060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the convection trigger function on single-column model simulations
    • doi:10.1029/2000JD900170
    • Xie S, Zhang M (2000) Impact of the convection trigger function on single-column model simulations. J Geophys Res 105(D11): 14983-14996. doi: 10. 1029/2000JD900170.
    • (2000) J Geophys Res , vol.105 , Issue.D11 , pp. 14983-14996
    • Xie, S.1    Zhang, M.2
  • 49
    • 25844483659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulations of midlatitude frontal clouds by single-column and cloud-resolving models during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement March 2000 Cloud intensive operational period
    • doi:10.1029/2004JD005119
    • Xie S et al (2005) Simulations of midlatitude frontal clouds by single-column and cloud-resolving models during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement March 2000 Cloud intensive operational period. J Geophys Res 110: D15S03. doi: 10. 1029/2004JD005119.
    • (2005) J Geophys Res , vol.110
    • Xie, S.1
  • 50
    • 0029526331 scopus 로고
    • Impact of interactive transfer on the macroscopic behavior of cumulus ensembles. Part II: Mechanisms for cloud-radiation interactions
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<0800:IOIRTO>2.0.CO;2
    • Xu K-M, Randall DA (1995) Impact of interactive transfer on the macroscopic behavior of cumulus ensembles. Part II: Mechanisms for cloud-radiation interactions. J Atmos Sci 52: 800-817. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1995)052<0800: IOIRTO>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1995) J Atmos Sci , vol.52 , pp. 800-817
    • Xu, K.-M.1    Randall, D.A.2
  • 51
    • 38349094298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating clouds in long-term cloud-resolving model simulations with observational data
    • doi:10.1175/2007JAS2170.1
    • Zeng X et al (2007) Evaluating clouds in long-term cloud-resolving model simulations with observational data. J Atmos Sci 64: 4153-4177. doi: 10. 1175/2007JAS2170. 1.
    • (2007) J Atmos Sci , vol.64 , pp. 4153-4177
    • Zeng, X.1
  • 52
    • 1642617939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of tropospheric and boundary layer forcing in the diurnal cycle of convection in the US southern Great Plains
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL018554
    • Zhang GJ (2003) Roles of tropospheric and boundary layer forcing in the diurnal cycle of convection in the US southern Great Plains. Geophys Res Lett 30: 2281. doi: 10. 1029/2003GL018554.
    • (2003) Geophys Res Lett , vol.30 , pp. 2281
    • Zhang, G.J.1
  • 53
    • 0000414161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constrained variational analysis of sounding data based on single-column integrated conservations of mass, heat, moisture, and momentum: Approach and application to ARM measurements
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<1503:CVAOSD>2.0.CO;2
    • Zhang MH, Lin JL (1997) Constrained variational analysis of sounding data based on single-column integrated conservations of mass, heat, moisture, and momentum: approach and application to ARM measurements. J Atmos Sci 54: 1503-1524. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0469(1997)054<1503: CVAOSD>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (1997) J Atmos Sci , vol.54 , pp. 1503-1524
    • Zhang, M.H.1    Lin, J.L.2
  • 54
    • 0035244966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective analysis of ARM IOP data: Method and sensitivity
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0295:OAOAID>2.0.CO;2
    • Zhang MH, Lin JL, Cederwall RT, Yio JJ, Xie SC (2001) Objective analysis of ARM IOP data: method and sensitivity. Mon Weather Rev 129: 295-311. doi: 10. 1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0295: OAOAID>2. 0. CO; 2.
    • (2001) Mon Weather Rev , vol.129 , pp. 295-311
    • Zhang, M.H.1    Lin, J.L.2    Cederwall, R.T.3    Yio, J.J.4    Xie, S.C.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.