Geoepidemiology of autoimmune liver diseases

Journal of Autoimmunity

Volumn 34, Issue 3, 2010, Pages

  Invernizzi, Pietro ^a,b  

^a HUMANITAS CLINICAL AND RESEARCH CENTER   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Clinical immunology; Geoepidemiology; Immunopathogenic processes

Indexed keywords

ACTIN ANTIBODY; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODY; AZATHIOPRINE; CORTICOSTEROID; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G4; LIVER ANTIGEN; MERCAPTOPURINE; MICROSOME ANTIBODY; MITOCHONDRION ANTIBODY; NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE; SMOOTH MUSCLE ANTIBODY; TAUROURSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID;

ARTICLE; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS; CHOLANGITIS; ENTERITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LIVER DISEASE; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; PATHOGENESIS; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS; PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS; SEROLOGY; SURVIVAL RATE;

ANIMALS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CHOLANGITIS; HEPATITIS; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; LIVER DISEASES;

EID: 77649179578     PISSN: 08968411     EISSN: 10959157     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.12.002     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Invernizzi P., and Mackay I.R. Autoimmune liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 14 (2008) 3290-3291
2. EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of cholestatic liver diseases. J Hepatol 51 (2009) 237-267
3. Manns M.P., and Vergani D. Autoimmune hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 29 (2009) 239-240
4. Rust C., and Beuers U. Overlap syndromes among autoimmune liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 14 (2008) 3368-3373
5. Davies A.J. Immunological tolerance and the autoimmune response. Autoimmun Rev 7 (2008) 538-543
6. Lleo A., Battezzati P.M., Selmi C., Gershwin M.E., and Podda M. Is autoimmunity a matter of sex?. Autoimmun Rev 7 (2008) 626-630
7. Boscolo P., Youinou P., Theoharides T.C., Cerulli G., and Conti P. Environmental and occupational stress and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 7 (2008) 340-343
8. Carambia A, Herkel J. CD4T cells in hepatic immune tolerance. J Autoimmun 2009 Aug 29. [Epub ahead of print].
9. Moritoki Y., Lian Z.X., Ohsugi Y., Ueno Y., and Gershwin M.E. B cells and autoimmune liver diseases. Autoimmun Rev 5 (2006) 449-457
10. Morahan G., Peeva V., Mehta M., and Williams R. Systems genetics can provide new insights in to immune regulation and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 31 (2008) 233-236
11. Christen U, Hintermann E, Holdener M, von Herrath MG. Viral triggers for autoimmunity: is the 'glass of molecular mimicry' half full or half empty?. J Autoimmun 2009 Aug 26 [Epub ahead of print].
12. Plebani M., Pittoni M., Celadin M., Bernardi D., and Mion M.M. Recent advances in diagnostic technologies for autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 8 (2009) 238-243
13. Krawitt E.L. Autoimmune hepatitis. N Eng J Med 354 (2006) 54-66
14. Mackay I.R. Historical reflections on autoimmune hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 14 (2008) 3292-3300
15. Longhi MS, Ma Y, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D. Aetiopathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Autoimmun 2009 Sep 17. [Epub ahead of print].
16. Boberg K.M., Aadland E., Jahnsen J., Raknerud N., Stiris M., and Bell H. Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis in a Norwegian population. Scand J Gastroenterol 33 (1998) 99-103
17. Primo J., Merino C., Fernandez J., Moles J.R., Llorca P., and Hinojosa J. [Incidence and prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis in the area of the Hospital de Sagunto (Spain)]. Gastroenterologia Y Hepatologia 27 (2004) 239-243
18. Invernizzi P., and Gershwin M.E. The genetics of human autoimmune disease. J Autoimmun 33 (2009) 290-299
19. McCluskey J., and Peh C.A. The human leucocyte antigens and clinical medicine: an overview. Rev Immunogenet 1 (1999) 3-20
20. Donaldson P.T. Genetics in autoimmune hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 22 (2002) 353-364
21. Carson D.A. Genetic factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmunity. FASEB J 6 (1992) 2800-2805
22. Duarte-Rey C., Pardo A.L., Rodriguez-Velosa Y., Mantilla R.D., Anaya J.M., and Rojas-Villarraga A. HLA class II association with autoimmune hepatitis in Latin America: a meta-analysis. Autoimmun Rev 8 (2009) 325-331
23. Vergani D., and Mieli-Vergani G. Aetiopathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 14 (2008) 3306-3312
24. Ma Y., Okamoto M., Thomas M.G., Bogdanos D.P., Lopes A.R., Portmann B., et al. Antibodies to conformational epitopes of soluble liver antigen define a severe form of autoimmune liver disease. Hepatology 35 (2002) 658-664
25. Kerkar N., Choudhuri K., Ma Y., Mahmoud A., Bogdanos D.P., Muratori L., et al. Cytochrome P4502D6(193-212): a new immunodominant epitope and target of virus/self cross-reactivity in liver kidney microsomal autoantibody type 1-positive liver disease. J Immunol 170 (2003) 1481-1489
26. Longhi M.S., Meda F., Wang P., Samyn M., Mieli-Vergani G., Vergani D., et al. Expansion and de novo generation of potentially therapeutic regulatory T cells in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 47 (2008) 581-591
27. Christen U., Holdener M., and Hintermann E. Animal models for autoimmune hepatitis. Autoimmun Rev 6 (2007) 306-311
28. Holdener M., Hintermann E., Bayer M., Rhode A., Rodrigo E., Hintereder G., et al. Breaking tolerance to the natural human liver autoantigen cytochrome P450 2D6 by virus infection. J Exp Med 205 (2008) 1409-1422
29. Buxbaum J., Qian P., Allen P.M., and Peters M.G. Hepatitis resulting from liver-specific expression and recognition of self-antigen. J Autoimmun 31 (2008) 208-215
30. Czaja A.J., Bianchi F.B., Carpenter H.A., Krawitt E.L., Lohse A.W., Manns M.P., et al. Treatment challenges and investigational opportunities in autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 41 (2005) 207-215
31. Bogdanos D.P., Invernizzi P., Mackay I.R., and Vergani D. Autoimmune liver serology: current diagnostic and clinical challenges. World J Gastroenterol 14 (2008) 3374-3387
32. Invernizzi P., Lleo A., and Podda M. Interpreting serological tests in diagnosing autoimmune liver diseases. Semin Liver Dis 27 (2007) 161-172
33. Hennes E.M., Zeniya M., Czaja A.J., Pares A., Dalekos G.N., Krawitt E.L., et al. Simplified criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 48 (2008) 169-176
34. Krawitt E.L. Clinical features and management of autoimmune hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 14 (2008) 3301-3305
35. Bridoux-Henno L., Maggiore G., Johanet C., Fabre M., Vajro P., Dommergues J.P., et al. Features and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis type 2 presenting with isolated positivity for anti-liver cytosol antibody. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2 (2004) 825-830
36. Al-Chalabi T., Boccato S., Portmann B.C., McFarlane I.G., and Heneghan M.A. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in the elderly: a systematic retrospective analysis of a large group of consecutive patients with definite AIH followed at a tertiary referral centre. J Hepatol 45 (2006) 575-583
37. Mieli-Vergani G., and Vergani D. Autoimmune paediatric liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 14 (2008) 3360-3367
38. Heneghan M.A., Allan M.L., Bornstein J.D., Muir A.J., and Tendler D.A. Utility of thiopurine methyltransferase genotyping and phenotyping, and measurement of azathioprine metabolites in the management of patients with autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 45 (2006) 584-591
39. Montano-Loza A.J., Carpenter H.A., and Czaja A.J. Improving the end point of corticosteroid therapy in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis to reduce the frequency of relapse. Am J Gastroenterol 102 (2007) 1005-1012
40. Mottershead M., and Neuberger J. Transplantation in autoimmune liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 14 (2008) 3388-3395
41. Kaplan M.M., and Gershwin M.E. Primary biliary cirrhosis. N Eng J Med 353 (2005) 1261-1273
42. Kim W.R., Lindor K.D., Locke III G.R., Therneau T.M., Homburger H.A., Batts K.P., et al. Epidemiology and natural history of primary biliary cirrhosis in a US community. Gastroenterology 119 (2000) 1631-1636
43. Triger D.R., Berg P.A., and Rodes J. Epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver 4 (1984) 195-200
44. Lofgren J., Jarnerot G., Danielsson D., and Hemdal I. Incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis in a defined population in Sweden. Scand J Gastroenterol 20 (1985) 647-650
45. Myszor M., and James O.F. The epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis in north-east England: an increasingly common disease?. Q J Med 75 (1990) 377-385
46. Witt-Sullivan H., Heathcote J., Cauch K., Blendis L., Ghent C., Katz A., et al. The demography of primary biliary cirrhosis in Ontario, Canada. Hepatology 12 (1990) 98-105
47. Watson R.G., Angus P.W., Dewar M., Goss B., Sewell R.B., and Smallwood R.A. Low prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis in Victoria, Australia. Melbourne Liver Group. Gut 36 (1995) 927-930
48. Remmel T., Remmel H., Uibo R., and Salupere V. Primary biliary cirrhosis in Estonia. With special reference to incidence, prevalence, clinical features, and outcome. Scand J Gastroenterol 30 (1995) 367-371
49. Prince M.I., Chetwynd A., Diggle P., Jarner M., Metcalf J.V., and James O.F. The geographical distribution of primary biliary cirrhosis in a well-defined cohort. Hepatology 34 (2001) 1083-1088
50. Sakauchi F., Mori M., Zeniya M., and Toda G. A cross-sectional study of primary biliary cirrhosis in Japan: utilization of clinical data when patients applied to receive public financial aid. J Epidemiol 15 (2005) 24-28
51. Myers R.P., Shaheen A.A., Fong A., Burak K.W., Wan A., Swain M.G., et al. Epidemiology and natural history of primary biliary cirrhosis in a Canadian health region: a population-based study. Hepatology (2009)
52. Sood S., Gow P.J., Christie J.M., and Angus P.W. Epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis in Victoria, Australia: high prevalence in migrant populations. Gastroenterology 127 (2004) 470-475
53. Gershwin M.E., Selmi C., Worman H.J., Gold E.B., Watnik M., Utts J., et al. Risk factors and comorbidities in primary biliary cirrhosis: a controlled interview-based study of 1032 patients. Hepatology 42 (2005) 1194-1202
54. Crosignani A., Battezzati P.M., Invernizzi P., Selmi C., Prina E., and Podda M. Clinical features and management of primary biliary cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 14 (2008) 3313-3327
55. Gershwin M.E., and Mackay I.R. The causes of primary biliary cirrhosis: convenient and inconvenient truths. Hepatology 47 (2008) 737-745
56. Invernizzi P., Selmi C., Ranftler C., Podda M., and Wesierska-Gadek J. Antinuclear antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 25 (2005) 298-310
57. Lan R.Y., Salunga T.L., Tsuneyama K., Lian Z.X., Yang G.X., Hsu W., et al. Hepatic IL-17 responses in human and murine primary biliary cirrhosis. J Autoimmun 32 (2009) 43-51
58. Padgett K.A., Lan R.Y., Leung P.C., Lleo A., Dawson K., Pfeiff J., et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with altered hepatic microRNA expression. J Autoimmun 32 (2009) 246-253
59. Selmi C., Invernizzi P., Zuin M., Podda M., and Gershwin M.E. Genetics and geoepidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis: following the footprints to disease etiology. Semin Liver Dis 25 (2005) 265-280
60. Invernizzi P., Selmi C., Mackay I.R., Podda M., and Gershwin M.E. From bases to basis: linking genetics to causation in primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 3 (2005) 401-410
61. Invernizzi P., Pasini S., Selmi C., Gershwin M.E., and Podda M. Female predominance and X chromosome defects in autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 33 (2009) 12-16
62. Invernizzi P., Miozzo M., Battezzati P.M., Bianchi I., Grati F.R., Simoni G., et al. Frequency of monosomy X in women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 363 (2004) 533-535
63. Miozzo M., Selmi C., Gentilin B., Grati F.R., Sirchia S., Oertelt S., et al. Preferential X chromosome loss but random inactivation characterize primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 46 (2007) 456-462
64. Selmi C., and Gershwin M.E. The role of environmental factors in primary biliary cirrhosis. Trends Immunol 30 (2009) 415-420
65. Chuang Y.H., Ridgway W.M., Ueno Y., and Gershwin M.E. Animal models of primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Liver Dis 12 (2008) 333-347
66. Lee Y.M., and Kaplan M.M. Primary sclerosing cholangitis. N Eng J Med 332 (1995) 924-933
67. Cullen S.N., and Chapman R.W. The medical management of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Semin Liver Dis 26 (2006) 52-61
68. Maggs J.R., and Chapman R.W. An update on primary sclerosing cholangitis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 24 (2008) 377-383
69. Lazaridis K.N., and Gores G.J. Primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 26 (2006) 42-51
70. Bambha K., Kim W.R., Talwalkar J., Torgerson H., Benson J.T., Therneau T.M., et al. Incidence, clinical spectrum, and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in a United States community. Gastroenterology 125 (2003) 1364-1369
71. Escorsell A., Pares A., Rodes J., Solis-Herruzo J.A., Miras M., and de la Morena E. Epidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Spain. Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver. J Hepatol 21 (1994) 787-791
72. Hurlburt K.J., McMahon B.J., Deubner H., Hsu-Trawinski B., Williams J.L., and Kowdley K.V. Prevalence of autoimmune liver disease in Alaska Natives. Am J Gastroenterol 97 (2002) 2402-2407
73. Ang T.L., Fock K.M., Ng T.M., Teo E.K., Chua T.S., and Tan J.Y. Clinical profile of primary sclerosing cholangitis in Singapore. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 17 (2002) 908-913
74. Kingham J.G., Kochar N., and Gravenor M.B. Incidence, clinical patterns, and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in South Wales, United Kingdom. Gastroenterology 126 (2004) 1929-1930
75. Chapman R., and Cullen S. Etiopathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol 14 (2008) 3350-3359
76. Silveira M.G., and Lindor K.D. Clinical features and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol 14 (2008) 3338-3349
77. Hov J.R., Boberg K.M., and Karlsen T.H. Autoantibodies in primary sclerosing cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol 14 (2008) 3781-3791