Is autoimmunity a matter of sex?

Autoimmunity Reviews

Volumn 7, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 626-630

  Lleo, Ana ^a,b   Battezzati, Pier Maria ^a   Selmi, Carlo ^a,b   Gershwin, M Eric ^b   Podda, Mauro ^a  

^a Division of Internal Medicine   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Epigenetics; Female predominance; Sex hormones; X chromosome

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN; ESTROGEN; PROLACTIN; SEX HORMONE;

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; AUTOIMMUNITY; GENETIC ANALYSIS; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNE SYSTEM; MICROCHIMERISM; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEX RATIO; X CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION;

ANIMALS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; SEX CHARACTERISTICS; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SEX FACTORS;

EID: 51749110645     PISSN: 15689972     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2008.06.009     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Gleicher N., and Barad D.H. Gender as risk factor for autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 28 (2007) 1-6
2. Eaton W.W., Rose N.R., Kalaydjian A., Pedersen M.G., and Mortensen P.B. Epidemiology of autoimmune diseases in Denmark. J Autoimmun 29 (2007) 1-9
3. Medina K.L., and Kincade P.W. Pregnancy-related steroids are potential negative regulators of B lymphopoiesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 (1994) 5382-5386
4. Medina K.L., Garrett K.P., Thompson L.F., Rossi M.I., Payne K.J., and Kincade P.W. Identification of very early lymphoid precursors in bone marrow and their regulation by estrogen. Nat Immunol 2 (2001) 718-724
5. Grimaldi C.M., Cleary J., Dagtas A.S., Moussai D., and Diamond B. Estrogen alters thresholds for B cell apoptosis and activation. J Clin Invest 109 (2002) 1625-1633
6. Nalbandian G., and Kovats S. Understanding sex biases in immunity: effects of estrogen on the differentiation and function of antigen-presenting cells. Immunol Res 31 (2005) 91-106
7. Ozbalkan Z., Bagislar S., Kiraz S., Akyerli C.B., Ozer H.T., Yavuz S., et al. Skewed X chromosome inactivation in blood cells of women with scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum 52 (2005) 1564-1570
8. Invernizzi P., Miozzo M., Battezzati P.M., Bianchi I., Grati F.R., Simoni G., et al. Frequency of monosomy X in women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 363 (2004) 533-535
9. Invernizzi P., Miozzo M., Selmi C., Persani L., Battezzati P.M., Zuin M., et al. X chromosome monosomy: a common mechanism for autoimmune diseases. J Immunol 175 (2005) 575-578
10. Weinstein Y., Ran S., and Segal S. Sex-associated differences in the regulation of immune responses controlled by the MHC of the mouse. J Immunol 132 (1984) 656-661
11. Bouman A., Heineman M.J., and Faas M.M. Sex hormones and the immune response in humans. Hum Reprod Update 11 (2005) 411-423
12. Amadori A., Zamarchi R., De Silvestro G., Forza G., Cavatton G., Danieli G.A., et al. Genetic control of the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio in humans. Nat Med 1 (1995) 1279-1283
13. Butterworth M., McClellan B., and Allansmith M. Influence of sex in immunoglobulin levels. Nature 214 (1967) 1224-1225
14. Whitacre C.C. Sex differences in autoimmune disease. Nat Immunol 2 (2001) 777-780
15. Gilmore W., Weiner L.P., and Correale J. Effect of estradiol on cytokine secretion by proteolipid protein-specific T cell clones isolated from multiple sclerosis patients and normal control subjects. J Immunol 158 (1997) 446-451
16. Siracusa M.C., Overstreet M.G., Housseau F., Scott A.L., and Klein S.L. 17beta-estradiol alters the activity of conventional and IFN-producing killer dendritic cells. J Immunol 180 (2008) 1423-1431
17. Wilder R.L. Neuroendocrine-immune system interactions and autoimmunity. Annu Rev Immunol 13 (1995) 307-338
18. Rotondi M., Falorni A., De Bellis A., Laureti S., Ferruzzi P., Romagnani P., et al. Elevated serum interferon-gamma-inducible chemokine-10/CXC chemokine ligand-10 in autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency and in vitro expression in human adrenal cells primary cultures after stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90 (2005) 2357-2363
19. Grimaldi C.M., Jeganathan V., and Diamond B. Hormonal regulation of B cell development: 17 beta-estradiol impairs negative selection of high-affinity DNA-reactive B cells at more than one developmental checkpoint. J Immunol 176 (2006) 2703-2710
20. Cutolo M., Sulli A., Seriolo B., Accardo S., and Masi A.T. Estrogens, the immune response and autoimmunity. Clin Exp Rheumatol 13 (1995) 217-226
21. Orbach H., and Shoenfeld Y. Hyperprolactinemia and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 6 (2007) 537-542
22. Mor G., Sapi E., Abrahams V.M., Rutherford T., Song J., Hao X.Y., et al. Interaction of the estrogen receptors with the Fas ligand promoter in human monocytes. J Immunol 170 (2003) 114-122
23. Gershwin M.E., Selmi C., Worman H.J., Gold E.B., Watnik M., Utts J., et al. Risk factors and comorbidities in primary biliary cirrhosis: a controlled interview-based study of 1032 patients. Hepatology 42 (2005) 1194-1202
24. Nelson J.L., Furst D.E., Maloney S., Gooley T., Evans P.C., Smith A., et al. Microchimerism and HLA-compatible relationships of pregnancy in scleroderma. Lancet 351 (1998) 559-562
25. Gleicher N., Weiner R., and Vietzke M. The impact of abnormal autoimmune function on reproduction: maternal and fetal consequences. J Autoimmun 27 (2006) 161-165
26. Murata H., Nakauchi H., and Sumida T. Microchimerism in Japanese women patients with systemic sclerosis. Lancet 354 (1999) 220
27. Adams K.M., and Nelson J.L. Microchimerism: an investigative frontier in autoimmunity and transplantation. Jama 291 (2004) 1127-1131
28. Valiaho J., Riikonen P., and Vihinen M. Novel immunodeficiency data servers. Immunol Rev 178 (2000) 177-185
29. Zheng Y., and Rudensky A.Y. Foxp3 in control of the regulatory T cell lineage. Nat Immunol 8 (2007) 457-462
30. Ranke M.B., and Saenger P. Turner's syndrome. Lancet 358 (2001) 309-314
31. Milkiewicz P., and Heathcote J. Can Turner syndrome teach us about the pathogenesis of chronic cholestasis?. Hepatology 40 (2004) 1226-1228
32. Carrel L., and Willard H.F. X-inactivation profile reveals extensive variability in X-linked gene expression in females. Nature 434 (2005) 400-404
33. Miozzo M., Selmi C., Gentilin B., Grati F.R., Sirchia S., Oertelt S., et al. Preferential X chromosome loss but random inactivation characterize primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 46 (2007) 456-462
34. Brix T.H., Knudsen G.P., Kristiansen M., Kyvik K.O., Orstavik K.H., and Hegedus L. High frequency of skewed X-chromosome inactivation in females with autoimmune thyroid disease: a possible explanation for the female predisposition to thyroid autoimmunity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90 (2005) 5949-5953
35. Arber S., McKinlay J., Adams A., Marceau L., Link C., O A., and Donnell. Patient characteristics and inequalities in doctors' diagnostic and management strategies relating to CHD: a video-simulation experiment. Soc Sci Med 62 (2006) 103-115
36. Lazaridis K.N., Juran B.D., Boe G.M., Slusser J.P., de Andrade M., Homburger H.A., et al. Increased prevalence of antimitochondrial antibodies in first-degree relatives of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 46 (2007) 785-792
37. Subramanian S., Tus K., Li Q.Z., Wang A., Tian X.H., Zhou J., et al. A Tlr7 translocation accelerates systemic autoimmunity in murine lupus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 (2006) 9970-9975
38. Venkatesh J., Peeva E., Xu X., and Diamond B. Cutting edge: hormonal milieu, not antigenic specificity, determines the mature phenotype of autoreactive B cells. J Immunol 176 (2006) 3311-3314
39. Worthington J. Investigating the genetic basis of susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun 25 (2005) 16-20 Suppl
40. Delpy L., Douin-Echinard V., Garidou L., Bruand C., Saoudi A., and Guery J.C. Estrogen enhances susceptibility to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by promoting type 1-polarized immune responses. J Immunol 175 (2005) 5050-5057